Science and Technology Studies

Indholdet i skolens fag har altid været genstand for diskussioner om, hvordan sammenspillet mellem skolefag og videnskab kan og bør tage sig ud. I sin aktuelle form står teknologiforståelse på skuldrene af datalogi og design. Disse leverer vigtige inputs til faget men involverer ofte et målrettet fokus på digitale færdigheder og designprocesser, der fører til digitale løsninger på komplekse problemer. Vi argumenterer for, at STS-feltet (Science and Technology Studies) kan bidrage til en nuanceret teknologiforståelse, hvor digital myndiggørelse bliver et spørgsmål om at kunne bedrive teknologikritik. Denne evne kræver et begrebsligt udgangspunkt, og her byder STS sig til. Vi præsenterer tre begreber fra forskellige STS-positioner: mediering, teknologisk intentionalitet, og sociotekniske imaginationer. Først præsenterer vi begreberne – dernæst diskuterer vi, hvordan de kan danne udgangspunkt for en didaktik, der kvalificerer teknologikritikken i den digitale myndiggørelse.

The Impact of the Preferential Attachment Level on the Innovation Network Structure and Innovation Efficiency

In the formation process of innovation networks, the level of preferential attachment between agents has an important impact on the resulting structural and functional characteristics of a network. A simulation model of innovation networks with variable preferential levels of attachment is established to study these impacts. Negative preferences tend to form chain-type structures, while positive preferences tend to form star-type structures. Furthermore, a simulation process of innovation is added to the network model to test the impact of the resulting structures on innovation efficiency. For explorative innovation, the structure with unbiased preference has the fastest innovation speed, but the structures with strong positive preference show lower innovation costs. For exploitive innovation, strong negative preferences generate the fastest innovation speed and relatively low cost, while strong positive preferences show a slightly lower cost than negative preference structures but a much lower innovation speed. Finally, some internal mechanisms of the results are discussed.

Transitions

This chapter considers specific ‘normative’ moments, including of education/work transition and what is involved in undergoing a change process in which there is a risk of loss of connection. Specifically it considers the change of schools from primary to secondary school; the sixth form; star and the experience of moving to a new town to go to University; starting work: common experiences were widely discussed during the research pointing to moments in which loneliness had been intensely felt. The experience of being left out of the system –for a variety of reasons – becoming classified as ‘NEET’- is also presented. The immersive theatre production ‘Missing’ was developed in response to this theme of an ordinary moment of transition and is introduced in this chapter.

Stepwise self-assembly of a block copolymer–platinum(ii) complex hybrid in solvents of variable quality: from worm-like micelles to free-standing sheets to vesicle-like nanostructures

Worm-like micelles of a block copolymer–platinum(ii) hybrid evolve into sheet- and vesicle-like nanostructures in solvents of weakened quality. The worm-like micelles snap off to form star micelles or short worms that still hold their core–shell structures.

Synthesis and Micellar Properties of Star-Shaped Poly(ε-Caprolactone)-Dextran Amphiphilic Block Copolymer

6-arm star-shaped Poly (ε-caprolactone)-dextran (sPCL-dextran) was synthesized and characterized. The core of the star polymer is dipentaerythritol, the inner block in the arm is hydrophobic poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL), and the outer block in the arm is hydrophilic dextran. The synthesis involves three steps: (1) The ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone (CL) initiated by dipentaerythritol produces 6-arm star-shaped PCL (sPCL-OH). (2) The sPCL-OH reacts with acryloyl chloride to get star-shaped PCL with acrylate end group (sPCL-CH=CH2). (3) The amino ended dextran (dextran-NH2) is then attached to sPCL-CH=CH2 terminus by Micheal addition to form star-shaped sPCL-dextran. The architecture of products was characterized with 1H NMR, GPC and element analysis. Micellization of sPCL-dextran in aqueous solutions was investigated by DLS. The results showed that the micelle size (Rh) and size distribution are related to the concentration of the sPCL-dextran. Salt, pH value and temperature have no obvious influence on the Rh.

On the Scenic Route to Irving Berlin's Holiday Inn (1942)

This study of Irving Berlin's Holiday Inn (Paramount, 1942) considers the collaboration of the film's four primary creative figures: Irving Berlin, Mark Sandrich, Bing Crosby, and Fred Astaire. Extracted from a wide array of production materials, the story of the making of Holiday Inn demonstrates how archival research can address questions of broad scholarly interest, such as large-scale form, star personas, musical style, musical-dramatic integration, the representation of blackness and African American characters, and political meaning in popular-culture products. Examining details of the film's production history sheds particular light upon the function of songs and musical routines as quasi-autonomous parts of the whole.

Synthesis and thermal stability of star polymer with eight arms using polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane as a core

A Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) containing eight 3- chloropropyl groups was synthesized and incorporated into poly(methyl methacrylates) to form star polymer. First, octa(3-chloropropyl) POSS [(ClCH2CH2CH2)8Si8O12] was prepared by hydrolysis and condensation of 3- chloropropyltriethoxysilane, and then two star-shaped POSS/PMMA composites with different POSS content was synthesized at 110 °C, using octa(3-chloropropyl) POSS as an multifunctional initiator, CuCl and 2-2’ bipyridine (Bpy) as catalyst system. The structures of octa(3-chloropropyl) POSS and star-shaped POSS/PMMA composite were characterized by analytical methods including FTIR, NMR, GPC and XRD, with results showing that POSS molecule was successfully formed which accorded well with the reported work and was dispersed into PMMA matrix evenly by atom transfer radical polymerization method. The TGA results indicated that synthetic POSS molecule possessed good thermal stability, and the thermal stability of POSS/PMMA composite enhanced with the increase of POSS content, which is due to the incorporation of inorganic POSS molecule

Subterranean structures and mycorrhiza of the achlorophyllous Burmannia tenella (Burmanniaceae)

Plants of the myco-heterotrophic Burmannia tenella Benth. form star-shaped root systems consisting of 0.7-2 mm thick, succulent, brittle roots, reaching lengths of up to 3 cm. In cross section the roots consist of an epidermis, about 10 layers of parenchymatous cortex cells, an endodermis with U-shaped secondary cell wall depositions, and a very reduced central cylinder with two to five central xylem elements and two opposite phloem strands, surrounded by a pericycle of relatively large cells. Based on the thick, aseptate, intracellularly coiled hyphae, arbuscules, and the frequent vesicles, the fungal association of B. tenella is considered to be a Paris-type arbuscular mycorrhiza. The morphological and anatomical structures of the root are discussed in the context of the mycorrhizal dependency of B. tenella. In some root samples, a second fungus with septate hyphae colonized the cortex intracellularly. This fungus restricts the spread of the aseptate symbiont without causing morphological changes to the cortex cells.Key words: Burmanniaceae, root morphology, root anatomy, arbuscular mycorrhiza, myco-heterotrophy, neotropical.