A Little Bit Naughty

This chapter considers the British musical over the last thirty years. As pop operas continued to appear, Chess (1986), Tim Rice's collaboration with Benny Anderson and Björn Ulvaes (from the Swedish pop group ABBA), was considered a classy example, centered on a rivalry of chess champions. ABBA's catalogue in the jukebox show Mamma Mia! (1999) creates a line-up of point numbers fitted into an innocuous story. In comparison, Chess tells of globally dangerous affairs of state and is very precisely musicalized with just one incongruous number, “One Night In Bangkok,” which would seem to have been created solely to guarantee a big hit song. Claude-Michel Schönberg and Alain Boublil, understanding that the proper launching site for an international success was London or New York, gave the West End Miss Saigon (1989) and Martin Guerre (1996). With such serious musicals as Girl From the North Country (2017) and the pop-opera cycle commanding the scene, musical comedy as such started to become scarce, though Spamalot (Broadway 2005; West End 2006) showed the comedy musical is still capable of claiming smash hit status.

Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Structures for Accidental Blast during Launching of a Rocket

Despite the greatest efforts, accidents continue to happen during the process of rocket launching, either in the form of generated blast wave or the debris that flies and hits random objects. In this paper, the impact of blast loading created by a rocket launch on the tie connection and the three-hinged arch is studied using the finite element model in ABAQUS. The impact of rocket launching was modelled using the physical characteristics/geometry of the launch pad, and a blast load intensity equivalent to 20,000lbs of TNT is applied using the CONWEP module. The tie connection and three-hinged arch after validation and mesh convergence study are applied with service loads in concurrence with the blast loading. The additional impact of blast loads on the static and dynamic response of the structure is studied. The distance of the structures from the point of blast (rocket launching site) is varied, and parametric studies are carried out to arrive at detailed guidelines on the minimum safety distance that stand-alone civil infrastructure should follow in order to minimize the rocket launching impact.

Regulation of the Development Process Systems of Information and Telemetry Support for the Development of Launch Vehicles

It is shown that the most prominent shortcomings of the existing general sectoral scientific and technical policy for the development of means of information and telemetry support (ITS) of development of launch vehicles are manifested in the absence of a systemic and dominance of subjective and fragmentary approaches, as a result of which the software and hardware (SW&HW) of the telemetric complex (TC) of a space launching site are redundant, but not invariant to the current ITS problems. At the same time, the loss of information during launches of spacecraft (SC) and intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) due to the influence of harmful factors of a different nature are comparable to the losses experienced during the 60s–70s of the 20th century. Under these conditions, a systematic approach is relevant and, accordingly, the regulation of the development process of domestic systems for information and telemetric support for the development of launch vehicles (ITSDLV). The main regulatory tools are the official concept of development of ITSDLV and the corresponding system of telemetry standards. The scientific and methodological foundations of their construction, based on the results of past research, are presented. The features of the solution of current and future organizational issues for the maintenance and development of the aforementioned concept and system of standards by the forces of the proposed working group are shown.

Structure of X-ray emitting jets close to the launching site: from embedded to disk-bearing sources

Context. Several observations of stellar jets show evidence of X-ray emitting shocks close to the launching site. In some cases, including young stellar objects (YSOs) at different stages of evolution, the shocked features appear to be stationary. We study two cases, both located in the Taurus star-forming region. HH 154, the jet originating from the embedded binary Class 0/I protostar IRS 5, and the jet associated with DG Tau, a more evolved Class II disk-bearing source or classical T Tauri star (CTTS). Aims. We investigate the effect of perturbations in X-ray emitting stationary shocks in stellar jets and the stability and detectability in X-rays of these shocks, and we explore the differences in jets from Class 0 to Class II sources. Methods. We performed a set of 2.5D magnetohydrodynamic numerical simulations that model supersonic jets ramming into a magnetized medium. The jet is formed of two components: a continuously driven component that forms a quasi-stationary shock at the base of the jet and a pulsed component consisting of blobs perturbing the shock. We explored different parameters for the two components. We studied two cases: HH 154, a light jet (less dense than the ambient medium), and a heavy jet (denser than the ambient medium) associated with DG Tau. We synthesized the count rate from the simulations and compared these data with available Chandra observations. Results. Our model is able to reproduce the observed jet properties at different evolutionary phases (in particular, for HH 154 and DG Tau) and can explain the formation of X-ray emitting quasi-stationary shocks observed at the base of jets in a natural way. The jet is collimated by the magnetic field forming a quasi-stationary shock at the base which emits in X-rays even when perturbations formed by a train of blobs are present. We found similar collimation mechanisms dominating in both heavy and light jets. Conclusions. We derived the physical parameters that can give rise to X-ray emission consistent with observations of HH 154 and DG Tau. We have also performed a wide exploration of the parameter space characterizing the model; this can be a useful tool to study and diagnose the physical properties of YSO jets over a broad range of physical conditions, from embedded to disk-bearing sources. We show that luminosity does not change significantly in variable jet models for the range of parameters explored. Finally, we provide an estimation of the maximum perturbations that can be present in HH 154 and DG Tau taking into account the available X-ray observations.