ON DIFFERENT DEFINITIONS OF STRAIN TENSORS IN GENERAL SHELL THEORIES OF VEKUA-AMOSOV TYPE

Several possible definiions of strains in a general shell theory of I.N. Vekua – A.A. Amosov type are considered. The higher-order shell model is definedon a two-dimensional manifold within a set of fieldvariables of the firstkind determined by the expansion factors of the spatial vector fieldof the translation. Two base vector systems are introduced, the firs one so-called concomitant corresponds to the cotangent fibrtion of the modelling surface while the other is defind on a surface equidistant to the modelling one. The distortion appears as a two-point tensor referred to both base systems after covariant differentiationof the translation vector feld. Thus, two main definition of the strain tensor become possible, the firstone referred to the main basis whereas the second to the concomitant one. Some possible simplificationsof these tensors are considered, and the interrelation between the general theory of A.A. Amosov type and the classical ones is shown.

Remarks on the Problem of Definition in the Old and Medio-Slavic Lexicography

The complex lexical material of medieval Slavic writing poses the problem of choosing between a lengthy and even hermeneutical interpretation and a short linguistic definition for a specialist in the field of the Old and Medio-Slavic lexicography. On the example of the analysis of the lexeme techenie from the Slavic translation of Kozma Indikoplov’s “Christian Topography” (with Philo of Carpathia’s catenas), the author shows, what a complex lexicological study, including elements of textological analysis and reconstruction of the original translated work, is carried out by a researcher in order to develop the most lapidary definition. Modern Old- and Mediο-Slavic lexicography prefers in such cases to go beyond the traditional strict framework and include additional information in the dictionary entry, which should indicate the validity and correctness of the main definition.

Features of the arrangement of lagoons for agricultural purposes

At present, in large cities, cities - millionaires, there is a tendency to build a large volume of residential multi-storey buildings entertainment complexes on undeveloped, free from construction areas of urban territory To meet the food needs of the population, it becomes necessary to create large livestock complexes. Ukraine, having a significant natural resource, has created conditions for the arrival of large international investors. That’s why in recent years, there is a renewal of material and technical agricultural base, which contributes to the revival of almost abandoned in the 90s, one of the main activities and specialization of our country - agriculture, which allows to assure the needs of the population and industry of our and neighboring countries with quality organic products and materials. In such conditions, modernization, renewal, re-equipment of not only outdated, inefficient equipment, but also production processes, and as a consequence of buildings, structures, complexes. This leads to the emergence of new engineering objects, classification, features of construction, design and operation of which need to be studied, covered in the literature, taken into account at different stages of their operation. "Lagoons" is one of such objects. This publication presents the main definition of a special agricultural building - lagoon, presents their classification by various parameters: location, depth, shape and size in plan, in terms of interaction with the environment, by material. The main technological processes influencing the design, construction and operation of lagoons are given. The basic requirements to materials (geotextiles, geomembrane), and also the basic requirements to their storage, use and the device at creation of waterproof screens at construction of lagoons are reflected.

Conserved quantities in the presence of torsion: A generalization of Killing theorem

When spacetime torsion is present, geodesics and autoparallels generically do not coincide. In this work, the well-known method that uses Killing vectors to solve the geodesic equations is generalized for autoparallels. The main definition is that of T-Killing vectors: vector fields such that, when their index is lowered with the metric, have vanishing symmetric derivative when acted upon with a torsionful and metric-compatible derivative. The main property of T-Killing vectors is that their contraction with the autoparallels’ tangents are constant along these curves. As an example, in a static and spherically symmetric situation, the autoparallel equations are reduced to an effective one-dimensional problem. Other interesting properties and extensions of T-Killing vectors are discussed.

Formation of skills to create stories of different type in senior preschool children

The article gives an analysis of problems of formation of skills in children of the senior preschool age to build stories of different types. On the basis of the theoretical analysis of psycho-pedagogical and special literature, based on the main definition of «building a story», a subordinate term is formulated in relation to the topic of the study: «building stories of different types» The psychological and pedagogical conditions of formation of sustainable skills of creation and expedient use of stories of different types in children of the senior preschool age are revealed and substantiated. The components, criteria, indicators and levels of formation of abilities to build a different type of narration in children of the sixth year of life are determined. The stages of formation of persistent skills for building different types of stories by senior preschoolers are singled out. The lack of effective pedagogical technologies in relation to the formation of skills in the children of the senior preschool age to build and expedient use of narration of comprehensive typing significantly reduces the effective preparation of children to school. The proposed pedagogical and motivational technology for the formation of children of the sixth year of a sustainable ability to create stories of various types provides the small person an effective communicative tool, which will definitely promote its self-realization both in school environment and in career, society, own life. The prospects for further research are outlined, such independent types of stories are presented as a story - an instruction and a story - a presentation.

Theoretical Insights into Coverage Analysis of Cellular Networks

Recently, tools from stochastic geometry have gained much attention for modeling and analysis of dense cellular networks. Although, extensive studies are available in literature in this respect however, the approaches are generalized and often lack significance towards practical scenarios where network conditions vary dynamically. The main objective of this research is to provide some insights into the stochastic geometry based analysis of cellular networks, through suitable modifications, so that it can be used to estimate parameters of interest i.e., intensity and coverage probability for different tiers and scenarios under consideration. The main definition for probability of coverage has been re-defined and complete closed form expression is derived. The intensity for different tiers have been estimated, with the help of proposed approach, beyond which no more gain in coverage probability can be achieved. Monte-Carlo simulations have been performed for validation of proposed approach and results are also compared with state-of-the-art approach.

A Knowledge Level Account of Forgetting

Forgetting is an operation on knowledge bases that has been addressed in different areas of Knowledge Representation and with respect to different formalisms, including classical propositional and first-order logic, modal logics, logic programming, and description logics. Definitions of forgetting have been expressed in terms of manipulation of formulas, sets of postulates, isomorphisms between models, bisimulations, second-order quantification, elementary equivalence, and others. In this paper, forgetting is regarded as an abstract belief change operator, independent of the underlying logic. The central thesis is that forgetting amounts to a reduction in the language, specifically the signature, of a logic. The main definition is simple: the result of forgetting a portion of a signature in a theory is given by the set of logical consequences of this theory over the reduced language. This definition offers several advantages. Foremost, it provides a uniform approach to forgetting, with a definition that is applicable to any logic with a well-defined consequence relation. Hence it generalises a disparate set of logic-specific definitions with a general, high-level definition. Results obtained in this approach are thus applicable to all subsumed formal systems, and many results are obtained much more straightforwardly. This view also leads to insights with respect to specific logics: for example, forgetting in first-order logic is somewhat different from the accepted approach. Moreover, the approach clarifies the relation between forgetting and related operations, including belief contraction.

Adherence to Antitumor Necrosis Factor Use Recommendations in Spondyloarthritis: Measurement and Effect in the DESIR Cohort

Objective.To evaluate a classification system to define adherence to axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) use recommendations and examine the effect of adherence on outcomes in the DESIR cohort (Devenir des Spondylarthropathies Indifférenciées Récentes).Methods.Using alternate definitions of adherence, patients were classified as adherent “timely” anti-TNF users, nonadherent “late” anti-TNF users, adherent nonusers (“no anti-TNF need”), non-adherent nonusers (“unmet anti-TNF need”). Multivariate models were fitted to examine the effect of adherence on quality-adjusted life-years (QALY), total costs, and nonbiologic costs 1 year following an index date. Generalized linear regression models assuming a γ-distribution with log link were used for costs outcomes and linear regression models for QALY outcomes.Results.Using the main definition of adherence, there were no significant differences between late anti-TNF users and timely anti-TNF users in total costs (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.54–1.36, p = 0.516) or nonbiologic costs (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.44–1.18, p = 0.187). However, in the sensitivity analysis, late anti-TNF users had significantly increased nonbiologic costs compared with timely users (RR 1.58, 95% CI 1.06–2.36, p = 0.026). In the main analysis, there were no significant differences in QALY between timely anti-TNF users and late anti-TNF users, or between timely users and patients with unmet anti-TNF need. In the sensitivity analysis, patients with unmet anti-TNF need had significantly lower QALY than timely anti-TNF users (−0.04, 95% CI −0.07 to −0.01, p = 0.016).Conclusion.The effect of adherence to anti-TNF recommendations on outcomes was sensitive to the definition of adherence used, highlighting the need to validate methods to measure adherence.

KONSEP-KONSEP KEGIATAN OFF-FARM

Because of the increasingly limited agricultural areas, farm households could no longer depend merely on their farming products. The farmers try to obtain a double income from various off-farm resources. All of the existing family labourers -if they are still able and willing- are mobilized to join the off- farm employment for their household survivals.Off farm activities have become increasingly significant to the poorer burners, whereas for many social scientists they form substantial information which needs through attention to be able to estimate the farm honsebold income. Evenso, there has not been a uniformity of understanding among the scientists themselves about the main definition of off-farm activities. Consequently, there are varieties of meaning in analyzing farm household income coming from various sources of occupation.In this paper the author tries to present several alternatives of definition obtained from several researchers with the hope to ohtain agreements about the main definition of off-burn activities.

Locoregional recurrence (LRR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC): Pooled-analysis results from the Collaborative Trials in Neoadjuvant Breast Cancer (CTNeoBC).

61 Background: There is limited information on LRR rates in pts treated with NAC. Methods: 12 large NAC BC trials (11,955 pts) with pCR information and long-term F/U for LRR, EFS and OS were included. Primary aims were to assess LRR rates by pCR, tumor subtype, surgery type and other clinico-pathologic factors. Main definition of pCR was ypT0/is ypN0. Results: Median F/U: 5.4 years. Median age: 49, T2 tumors: 61%, Inflammatory BC: 4%; Clinically(+) nodes: 47%. Overall LRR: 6.8% (95% CI: 6.3, 7.2). LRR was 5.5% with pCR (ypT0/isypN0) vs. 7.1% without. After lumpectomy, LRR rates were similar with pCR (6.0%) vs. without (6.3%). After mastectomy, LRR rates were lower with pCR (3.8%) vs. without (8.1%), irrespective of XRT use. In HR(+)/HER2(-) BC, LRR rates were low with pCR (1.9%) or without (3.3%) with similarly low LRR rates in grade 1/2 tumors (pCR: 2%, no-pCR: 2.6%). In HR(+)/HER2(-)/grade 3 BC LRR rates were lower with pCR (1%) vs. without (5.3%). In HER2(+) BC LRR rates were similar with pCR (5.1%) or without (7.3%), mainly seen in HER2(+)/HR(+) BC (5.7% vs. 5.5%). In contrast, in HER2(+)/HR(-) BC LRR rates were lower with pCR (4.9%) vs. without (9.8%). Also, in HR(-) /HER2(-) BC LRR rates were lower with pCR (4.9%) vs. without (8.6%). LRR varied with path nodal status and TNM stage at surgery: node(-): 5.6% vs. node(+) 8.9%; stage 0: 5.3%; stage 1: 5.2%; stage 2: 7.3%; stage 3: 10.1%. Conclusions: LRR rates after NAC are low and vary by pCR status, tumor subtype, type of surgery, stage and path nodal status. This information may have clinical implications on selecting appropriate candidates for XRT. [Table: see text]