Locoregional recurrence (LRR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC): Pooled-analysis results from the Collaborative Trials in Neoadjuvant Breast Cancer (CTNeoBC).

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (26_suppl) ◽  
pp. 61-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleftherios P. Mamounas ◽  
Patricia Cortazar ◽  
Lijun Zhang ◽  
Gunter Von Minckwitz ◽  
Keyur Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Nodal Status ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Tumor Subtype ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Main Definition

61 Background: There is limited information on LRR rates in pts treated with NAC. Methods: 12 large NAC BC trials (11,955 pts) with pCR information and long-term F/U for LRR, EFS and OS were included. Primary aims were to assess LRR rates by pCR, tumor subtype, surgery type and other clinico-pathologic factors. Main definition of pCR was ypT0/is ypN0. Results: Median F/U: 5.4 years. Median age: 49, T2 tumors: 61%, Inflammatory BC: 4%; Clinically(+) nodes: 47%. Overall LRR: 6.8% (95% CI: 6.3, 7.2). LRR was 5.5% with pCR (ypT0/isypN0) vs. 7.1% without. After lumpectomy, LRR rates were similar with pCR (6.0%) vs. without (6.3%). After mastectomy, LRR rates were lower with pCR (3.8%) vs. without (8.1%), irrespective of XRT use. In HR(+)/HER2(-) BC, LRR rates were low with pCR (1.9%) or without (3.3%) with similarly low LRR rates in grade 1/2 tumors (pCR: 2%, no-pCR: 2.6%). In HR(+)/HER2(-)/grade 3 BC LRR rates were lower with pCR (1%) vs. without (5.3%). In HER2(+) BC LRR rates were similar with pCR (5.1%) or without (7.3%), mainly seen in HER2(+)/HR(+) BC (5.7% vs. 5.5%). In contrast, in HER2(+)/HR(-) BC LRR rates were lower with pCR (4.9%) vs. without (9.8%). Also, in HR(-) /HER2(-) BC LRR rates were lower with pCR (4.9%) vs. without (8.6%). LRR varied with path nodal status and TNM stage at surgery: node(-): 5.6% vs. node(+) 8.9%; stage 0: 5.3%; stage 1: 5.2%; stage 2: 7.3%; stage 3: 10.1%. Conclusions: LRR rates after NAC are low and vary by pCR status, tumor subtype, type of surgery, stage and path nodal status. This information may have clinical implications on selecting appropriate candidates for XRT. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Effect of Induction Chemotherapy in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: An Updated Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan-Shan Yang ◽  
Jian-Gui Guo ◽  
Jia-Ni Liu ◽  
Zhi-Qiao Liu ◽  
En-Ni Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Induction Chemotherapy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Long Term Result ◽  
Grade 3

BackgroundPrevious meta-analysis had evaluated the effect of induction chemotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. But two trials with opposite findings were not included and the long-term result of another trial significantly differed from the preliminary report. This updated meta-analysis was thus warranted.MethodsLiterature search was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials focusing on the additional efficacy of induction chemotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Trial-level pooled analysis of hazard ratio (HR) for progression free survival and overall survival and risk ratio (RR) for locoregional control rate and distant control rate were performed.ResultsTwelve trials were eligible. The addition of induction chemotherapy significantly prolonged both progression free survival (HR=0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.60–0.76, p<0.001) and overall survival (HR=0.67, 95% CI 0.54–0.80, p<0.001), with 5-year absolute benefit of 11.31% and 8.95%, respectively. Locoregional (RR=0.80, 95% CI 0.70–0.92, p=0.002) and distant control (RR=0.70, 95% CI 0.62–0.80) rates were significantly improved as well. The incidence of grade 3–4 adverse events during the concurrent chemoradiotherapy was higher in leukopenia (p=0.028), thrombocytopenia (p<0.001), and fatigue (p=0.038) in the induction chemotherapy group.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis supported that induction chemotherapy could benefit patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in progression free survival, overall survival, locoregional, and distant control rate.

Safety of Lenalidomide (LEN) 10mg in Non-Del(5q) Versus Del(5q) in the Treatment of Patients (Pts) with Lower-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS): Pooled Analysis of Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 2880-2880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Almeida ◽  
Valeria Santini ◽  
Stefanie Gröpper ◽  
Anna Jonasova ◽  
Norbert Vey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Employment Equity ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Starting Dose ◽  
Equity Ownership ◽  
Grade 3

Abstract Introduction: Anemia represents the main therapeutic challenge in pts with lower-risk MDS (Fenaux P, Adès L. Blood. 2013;121:4280-6). Prospective studies evaluating LEN for the treatment of red blood cell transfusion-dependent pts showed significant clinical activity in both non-del(5q) and del(5q) International Prognostic Scoring System-defined lower-risk MDS (Raza A, et al. Blood. 2008;111:86-93; Santini V, et al. Blood. 2014;124:abstract 409; List A, et al. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:1456-65; Fenaux P, et al. Blood. 2011;118:3765-76). Hematologic adverse events (AEs) are common, but manageable, with LEN treatment (Giagounidis A, et al. Ann Hematol. 2008;87:345-52). However, there has been no direct comparison of safety profiles in non-del(5q) and del(5q) pts. This pooled analysis compared the incidence of AEs in LEN-treated lower-risk MDS pts with or without del(5q). Methods: This retrospective analysis of pooled data from 7 prospective clinical trials compared the incidence of AEs in LEN-treated lower-risk MDS pts with or without del(5q). The non-del(5q) group included 416 pts from 4 studies: MDS-005 (n = 160), MDS-002 (n = 215), MDS-001 (n = 24), and PK-002 (n = 17). The del(5q) group included 243 pts from 5 studies: MDS-003 (n = 148), MDS-004 (n = 69), MDS-007 (n = 11), MDS-001 (n = 8), and PK-002 (n = 7). A TEAE was defined as an AE that began or worsened in severity on or after the first dose of LEN through to 28 days after the last dose of LEN. Pts received the recommended starting dose of 10 mg LEN for ≥ 1 cycle; in study MDS-005, pts with impaired creatinine clearance (CrCl; ≥ 40 to < 60 mL/min) had a LEN 5 mg starting dose in order to achieve a similar area under the curve as pts with normal CrCl who were receiving LEN 10 mg. Results: Among the LEN-treated lower-risk MDS pts with or without del(5q) in this pooled analysis, the most commonly reported TEAEs (any grade) occurring in ≥ 5% of pts were hematologic: neutropenia [49.3% vs 73.7% for non-del(5q) vs del(5q), respectively], thrombocytopenia (37.3% vs 64.2%), and anemia (16.8% vs 20.2%). Overall, 84.6% of non-del(5q) pts and 96.3% of del(5q) pts experienced grade 3-4 hematologic TEAEs, including neutropenia [45.2% vs 72.0% for non-del(5q) and del(5q), respectively], thrombocytopenia (31.3% vs 52.7%), and anemia (11.8% vs 12.8%) (Table). Non-hematologic TEAEs were similar for both non-del(5q) and del(5q) pts, except deep-vein thrombosis (1.2% vs 4.9%, respectively) and hypertension (0.2% vs 3.7%). Acute myeloid leukemia was reported as a TEAE in 3 non-del(5q) and 9 del(5q) pts. Bleeding events (any grade) occurring concurrently with grade 3-4 thrombocytopenia were observed in 20.7% of non-del(5q) and 24.4% of del(5q) pts. Infection (any grade) occurring concurrently with grade 3-4 neutropenia was observed in 33.6% of non-del(5q) and 54.0% of del(5q) pts. Analysis of grade 3-4 hematologic TEAEs for pts receiving long-term (> 12 months) LEN treatment by time of onset (0 to 6, > 6 to 12, and > 12 to 18 months) showed that onset rates of grade 3-4 neutropenia during the first 6 months were higher versus rates at > 6 to 12 months for non-del(5q) (42.9% vs 19.5%, respectively) and del(5q) pts (65.4% vs 21.3%). Rates decreased similarly for thrombocytopenia in non-del(5q) (13.0% vs 5.2%) and del(5q) pts (40.4% vs 6.6%). At > 12 to 18 months, onset rates of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia for non-del(5q) pts were 15.6% and 9.1%, respectively; rates for del(5q) pts during this period were 23.5% and 4.4%. Grade 3-4 TEAEs resulted in discontinuation of LEN in 27.4% of non-del(5q) and 20.6% of del(5q) pts (Table); however, the criteria for discontinuation differed between studies. Conclusions: In this analysis of pooled data from 7 studies, the safety profiles of LEN-treated lower-risk MDS pts were similar between non-del(5q) and del(5q) pts. Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were the most common TEAEs in both groups; however, the frequency of these TEAEs was lower in non-del(5q) pts. Among non-del(5q) and del(5q) pts receiving long-term treatment with LEN, onset rates of thrombocytopenia and neutropenia were lower at > 6 to 12 months versus the first 6 months of treatment. In summary, TEAEs in lower-risk MDS pts with or without del(5q) treated with LEN 10 mg for ≥ 1 cycle are predictable, well characterized, and clinically manageable. Disclosures Almeida: Shire: Speakers Bureau; Bristol Meyer Squibb: Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy. Off Label Use: Lenalidomide used to treat MDS patients without del(5q). Santini:celgene, Janssen, Novartis, Onconova: Honoraria, Research Funding. Vey:Celgene: Honoraria; Roche: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria. Giagounidis:Celgene Corporation: Honoraria. Hellström-Lindberg:Celgene Corporation: Research Funding. Mufti:Celgene Corporation: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Skikne:Celgene Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Hoenekopp:Celgene International: Employment, Equity Ownership. Séguy:Celgene International: Employment. Zhong:Celgene Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Fenaux:CELGENE: Honoraria, Research Funding; NOVARTIS: Honoraria, Research Funding; AMGEN: Honoraria, Research Funding; JANSSEN: Honoraria, Research Funding.

Acute, subacute and long-term subjective effects of psilocybin in healthy humans: a pooled analysis of experimental studies

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1434-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich Studerus ◽  
Michael Kometer ◽  
Felix Hasler ◽  
Franz X Vollenweider
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Subjective Effects ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Interpersonal Support ◽  
Healthy Humans

Psilocybin and related hallucinogenic compounds are increasingly used in human research. However, due to limited information about potential subjective side effects, the controlled medical use of these compounds has remained controversial. We therefore analysed acute, short- and long-term subjective effects of psilocybin in healthy humans by pooling raw data from eight double-blind placebo-controlled experimental studies conducted between 1999 and 2008. The analysis included 110 healthy subjects who had received 1–4 oral doses of psilocybin (45–315 µg/kg body weight). Although psilocybin dose-dependently induced profound changes in mood, perception, thought and self-experience, most subjects described the experience as pleasurable, enriching and non-threatening. Acute adverse drug reactions, characterized by strong dysphoria and/or anxiety/panic, occurred only in the two highest dose conditions in a relatively small proportion of subjects. All acute adverse drug reactions were successfully managed by providing interpersonal support and did not need psychopharmacological intervention. Follow-up questionnaires indicated no subsequent drug abuse, persisting perception disorders, prolonged psychosis or other long-term impairment of functioning in any of our subjects. The results suggest that the administration of moderate doses of psilocybin to healthy, high-functioning and well-prepared subjects in the context of a carefully monitored research environment is associated with an acceptable level of risk.

LONG-TERM MORBIDITY AFTER DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS (DVT)

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
L K Widmer ◽  
M Th Widmer ◽  
E Zemp ◽  
F Duckert ◽  
G Marbet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drop Out ◽  
Random Allocation ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
Deep Vein

5 yr follow-up of 341 patients with special consideration of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) and methodolo-cigal difficulties.INTRODUCTIONMethodological difficulties responsable for lacking unité de doctrine: (a) Acute phase: random allocation taking into account DVT of different extent; assessment of effect of treatment (b) Follow-up: drop out definition of parameters of success esp. PTS, comparison of truely comparable groups, limited information about economic aspects.5 yr FOLLOW-UP PTS-INCIDENCE after ANTICOAGULATION (AC) or THROMBOLYSIS (TL)Method: 341 non-randomized, consecutive patients; unilateral DVT documented by initial and control-phlebo-gramm (<14 d) , treated by AC or thrombolytic agents. 226 men, 115 women, 51.9 ± 16 yr at entry. DVT: left 193, right 148; limited 35 %, extended 65 %. Treatment effect by analysis “vein per vein”. Re-examination: “blind technique” by 2 observers; definition of PTS considering corona phlebectatica, cyanosis, edema, cirumference difference, trophic changes; Score > 10= PTSResults:1. Group with unchanged initial and control phlebogrammCorrelation between DVT-extent at entry and PTS-incidence (table). Consequently comparison of AC and TL must be made between subgroups with similar DVT-extent at entry.2. Subgroups with clearance ( + ) vs. non-clearance ( - ):Figures white PTS without ulcera, black leg ulcer

scholarly journals A Longitudinal Definition of the Value of Cancer Drugs

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 1185-1185
Author(s):  
Ohad Oren ◽  
David H. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Clin Oncol ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Cancer Drugs ◽  
Secondary Cancers ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Definition Of

Background Cancer drugs now account for a greater fraction of the national health care expenditure than ever before. A new movement has been formed that argues for meaningful definition of the value of drugs as a pre-requisite for their approval as well as for clinical decision-making. Numerous frameworks have been designed to allow comparison of different pharmacological agents based on patient-related factors (efficacy, safety, cost). However, these formulas largely ignore chronic, long-term toxicities which are particularly important in the case of highly-curable cancers like Hodgkin Lymphoma and testicular cancer. We propose a drug value scheme that incorporates debilitating and life-threatening long-term toxicities along with traditional factors (efficacy and acute safety) when defining a drug's merit. Methods A longitudinal framework for assessing drug value is suggested. Pertinent drug-related characteristics - efficacy, acute adverse events, and long-term toxicities - are included. For each drug characteristic, patient-centred surrogate markers are chosen: efficacy is defined by the 10-year overall survival, acute safety by the rate of neutropenia and life-threatening infections, and long-term toxicity by the cumulative incidence of secondary cancers and heart disease at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Advanced Hodgkin Lymphoma is chosen for simulation. The most commonly used regimens are compared. Data from high-value prospective clinical trials (see references) are used to grade each regimen. Points are given for each percentile range in each category (higher score for greater efficacy and lower toxicity; see Appendix 1). Percentile intervals are chosen according to the presumed clinical impact. The net value of each regimen is assessed by adding the score for each individual care component and comparing it to a similar model that does not include long-term toxicity. Results Risk score calculation yielded results as shown in Table 1. ABVD And Stanford V gained the highest score (26; of 30) while COPP-EBV-CAD and BEACOPP obtained lower scores (24 and 22, respectively). Stanford V reached a better value score than COPP-EBV-CAD, and was equivalent to ABVD, in contrast to a drug value scheme that neglected long-term toxicities, in which it was inferior to both. The superiority of ABVD to COPP-EBV-CAD and BEACOPP persisted in the model, as was the overall advantage of COPP-EBV-CAD over BEACOPP. Conclusions As the treatment of cancer continues to improve, value should no longer be derived only from a drug's overall survival and acute injury profiles. A more comprehensive appreciation of a drug's benefit-to-risk ratio entails an understanding of its more distant health implications. Our model shows that such an easily-constructible framework results in a different value estimation of drugs compared with the traditional one. Appendix 1: Value Score: - Efficacy * Overall Survival: 7 if <74.9%, 8 if 75.0-80.9%, 9 if 81.0-85.9%, 10 if 86.0-88.9%, 11 if >89.0% - Acute toxicity * Incidence of severe infections: 3 if >10.0%, 4 if 5.0-9.9%, 5 if <4.9% * Incidence of grade 3 neutropenia: 1 if > 50.0%, 2 if 28.0-49.9%, 3 if <27.9% - Late toxicity * Incidence of heart disease at 5 years: 1 if >5.6%, 3 if 4.0-5.5%, 4 if 2.0-3.9%, 5 if <1.9% * Incidence of secondary cancers at 10 years: 6 if <3.9%, 4 if 4.0-9.0%, 3 if 9.1-13.0%, 1 if >13.1% *** Example: ABVD value score = 9 (for OS of 85%) + 5 (for severe infection incidence of 2%) + 3 (for grade 3 neutropenia incidence of 25%) + 3 (for 5-year heart disease incidence of 5.5%) + 6 (for 10-year secondary cancer incidence of 0.9%) = 26 References: 1. Merli F, et al. JCO. 2016;34(11):1175-81 2. Manuel Gotti, et al. Lymphoma. 2013, Article ID 952698, 7 pages 3. Kara M, et al. Blood. 2011;117:2596-2603 4. Evens, et al. Br J Haematol. 2013;161(1): 76-86 5. Chisesi T, et al. J Clin Oncol, 2011;29:4227-4233 6. Gobbi PG, et al. J Clin Oncol. 2005; 23:9198-9207 7. Bhanu Vakkalanka. Advances in Hematology, vol. 2011, Article ID 656013, 7 pages, 2011 8.Massimo Federico et al. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(5):805-811 9.Gobbi P G, et al. JCO. 2005; 23 (36):9198-9207 10. S. M. Edwards-Bennett, et al. Annals of Oncology. 2010; 21: 574-581 Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Association of Newer Definitions of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia with Pulmonary Hypertension and Long-Term Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Kyoon Hwang ◽  
Seung Han Shin ◽  
Ee-Kyung Kim ◽  
Seh Hyun Kim ◽  
Han-Suk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Postmenstrual Age ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract The diagnostic criteria of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) have been reassessed based on current practices and highest accuracy in predicting long-term outcomes. We investigated the association between BPD severity based on different definitions in terms of long-term outcomes and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This retrospective study enrolled preterm infants born at <32 weeks of gestation. The definition of BPD recommended by the National Institutes of Health in 2001, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) in 2018, and Jensen et al. in 2019 were used. The association between re-hospitalization due to respiratory illness, neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at a corrected age of 18–24 months, and PAH at a postmenstrual age (PMA) of 36 weeks with the severity of BPD based on these three definitions were evaluated. Among 354 infants, gestational age (26.9 weeks) and birth weight (730 g) were lowest in severe BPD based on NIH 2001 definition. In total, 14.1% of study population experienced NDI and 19.0% were re-hospitalized due to respiratory illness. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for re-hospitalization was highest in grade-3 BPD of the Jensen (2019) criteria (7.45). The adjusted OR for NDI (13.23) and PAH (40.37) were also highest in grade-3 of the Jensen (2019) criteria.Conclusion: Based on recently suggested criteria, severity of BPD is associated with long-term outcomes and PAH at PMA of 36 weeks in preterm infants.

1554: 6 Year Long Term Clinical and Urodynamical Outcome and Retreatment Rates of High Energy Transurethral Microwave Thermotherapy: Multicenter European Pooled Analysis

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 410-410
Author(s):  
Christian Seitz ◽  
Bob Djavan ◽  
Michael Dobrovits ◽  
Matthias Waldert ◽  
Saeid Alavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Transurethral Microwave Thermotherapy

Central Otago - Built on gold, growing on grass.

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Barrie J. Wills
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Land Use ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
District Council ◽  
Definition Of

A warm welcome to our "World of Difference" to all delegates attending this conference - we hope your stay is enjoyable and that you will leave Central Otago with an enhanced appreciation of the diversity of land use and the resilient and growing economic potential that this region has to offer. Without regional wellbeing the national economy will struggle to grow, something Central Government finally seems to be realising, and the Central Otago District Council Long Term Plan 2012-2022 (LTP) signals the importance of establishing a productive economy for the local community which will aid in the economic growth of the district and seeks to create a thriving economy that will be attractive to business and residents alike. Two key principles that underpin the LTP are sustainability and affordability, with the definition of sustainability being "… development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."

Registered Report: Transcriptional Analysis of Savings Memory Suggests Forgetting Is Due to Retrieval Failure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Calin-Jageman ◽  
Irina Calin-Jageman ◽  
Tania Rosiles ◽  
Melissa Nguyen ◽  
Annette Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Trace ◽  
Aplysia Californica ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Retrieval Failure ◽  
Initial Learning ◽  
Rigorous Test ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Induced Changes

[[This is a Stage 2 Registered Report manuscript now accepted for publication at eNeuro. The accepted Stage 1 manuscript is posted here: https://psyarxiv.com/s7dft, and the pre-registration for the project is available here (https://osf.io/fqh8j, 9/11/2019). A link to the final Stage 2 manuscript will be posted after peer review and publication.]] There is fundamental debate about the nature of forgetting: some have argued that it represents the decay of the memory trace, others that the memory trace persists but becomes inaccessible due to retrieval failure. These different accounts of forgetting lead to different predictions about savings memory, the rapid re-learning of seemingly forgotten information. If forgetting is due to decay, then savings requires re-encoding and should thus involve the same mechanisms as initial learning. If forgetting is due to retrieval failure, then savings should be mechanistically distinct from encoding. In this registered report we conducted a pre-registered and rigorous test between these accounts of forgetting. Specifically, we used microarray to characterize the transcriptional correlates of a new memory (1 day after training), a forgotten memory (8 days after training), and a savings memory (8 days after training but with a reminder on day 7 to evoke a long-term savings memory) for sensitization in Aplysia californica (n = 8 samples/group). We found that the re-activation of sensitization during savings does not involve a substantial transcriptional response. Thus, savings is transcriptionally distinct relative to a newer (1-day old) memory, with no co-regulated transcripts, negligible similarity in regulation-ranked ordering of transcripts, and a negligible correlation in training-induced changes in gene expression (r = .04 95% CI [-.12, .20]). Overall, our results suggest that forgetting of sensitization memory represents retrieval failure.

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