PRE-FORMULATION PROFILING OF ACECLOFENAC AND DEVELOPMENT OF A SENSITIVE ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE FOR ITS ASSESSMENT

Pre-formulation studies are an integral part of formulation development. For the successful development of the formulation, it is essential to perform all the pre-formulation studies. The present work was aimed at systematically investigating the physicochemical properties of aceclofenac, a non-steroidal anti- infl ammatory drug used for the management of rheumatoid arthritis, osteo arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. The studies included pre-formulation profi ling of the drug in order to fi nalize the excipients for the development of its delivery. Drug characterization was carried out for solubility in different solvent systems, pKa determination, bulk characterization, melting point, dissolution. Further, and some other parameters RP-HPLC method for estimation of the drug was developed and validated. Earlier methods were developed using C18 column for the estimation of drug content. In the present research, an attempt was made to develop and validate an analytical method using HILIC column. The pre-formulation profi ling of the drug was successfully done and a sensitive analytical method was also developed.

Synthesis and SERS Activity of Core-Satellite Nanoparticles using Heterobifunctional PEG linkers

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a sensitive analytical technique, capable of magnifying the vibrational intensity of a molecule absorbed onto the surface of metallic nanostructures. Various solution-based SERS-active metallic nanostructures...

Continuous In Situ Measurement of Dissolved Methane in Lake Kivu Using a Membrane Inlet Laser Spectrometer

We report the first high resolution continuous profile of dissolved methane in the shallow water of Lake Kivu, Rwanda. The measurements were performed using an in situ dissolved gas sensor, called Sub-Ocean, based on a patented, membrane based extraction technique coupled with a highly sensitive optical spectrometer. The sensor was originally designed for ocean settings, but both the spectrometer and the extraction system were modified to extend the dynamical range up to six orders of magnitude with respect to the original prototype (from nmol L−1 to mmol L−1 detection) to fit the range of concentrations at lake Kivu. The accuracy of the instrument was estimated to ±22 % (2 s) from the standard deviation of eight profiles at 80 m of depth, corresponding to ±112 μBar of CH4 in water or ±160 nmol L−1 at 25 °C and 1 atm. The instrument was able to continuously measure the top 150 m of water depth within only 25 min. The maximum observed mixing ratio of CH4 in the gas phase concentration was 77 % at 150 m depth, which at this depth and thermal condition of the lake corresponds to 3.5 mmol L−1. At deeper depth, dissolved CH4 concentrations were too large for the methane absorption spectrum to be correctly retrieved. Results were in good agreement with discrete in situ measurements conducted with the commercial HydroC sensor. The fast profiling feature will be highly profitable for future monitoring of the lake, while the spectrometer could be replaced with a less sensitive analytical technique possibly including simultaneous detection of dissolved CO2 and which would allow to measure at higher concentrations of CH4.

Auger Electron Spectroscopy-A Review

Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) is surface sensitive analytical technique mainly,it provides quantitative elemental and chemical state information from surfaces of solid materials.It utilizes a high current, finely focused electron beam as an excitation source.In AES,A sample is probed with electron beam with energy between 3 to 3o Kev which results in ejection of electron in core level, filled by an outer level electron with excess energy being used then, this excess energy used to emit an electron this, emitted electron is said as Auger electron. That result as function of auger electron energy. The resulting spectra is obtained used to determine the composition of samples. The Auger electron kinetic energies are characteristic of emitting atoms and the measurement of their energies is used to identify the elements variation of composition with depth can be determined by ion sputtering technique. Lastly,AES is applicable for detection of thin films, characterization of materials, metallurgy and corrosion science.

Inexpensive simple extraction of trace PAHs from water using PS-DVB monolithic beads

A new simple and sensitive analytical technique based on polystyrene-divinyl benzene (PS-DVB) monolithic bead extraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection (GC-MS) was developed for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water.