The use of natural conditions of the high alpine province of Dagestan for reproduction of prospective varieties and hybrids of potato

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
В.К. Сердеров ◽  
Д.В. Сердерова
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Caspian Lowland ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Mountain Province

Большое значение в увеличении продуктивности картофеля имеет внедрение в производство перспективных высокоурожайных сортов и гибридов, приспособленных к местным природно-климатическим условиям возделывания, от чего зависят эффективность отрасли и себестоимость продукции. Цель работы – изучить влияние климатических условий на продуктивность и качественные показатели сортов и гибридов картофеля, а также использование ими благоприятных почвенно-климатических условий высокогорья Республики Дагестан, для размножения и внедрения в производство новых перспективных, высокоурожайных, приспособленных к условиям среды выращивания сортов картофеля с комплексом хозяйственно-ценных признаков. Объектом изучения послужили сорта картофеля раннего, среднераннего и среднего сроков созревания российской, белорусской и иностранной селекции. Полевые опыты закладывали в 2014–2017 годах на высоте 2000–2200 м, на землях горного опорного пункта «Курахский» Курахского района и на равнинной провинции (Прикаспийской низменности) на территории дачного массива «Наука» Махачкалинского района Республики Дагестан. Схема посадки – 70×30 см, повторность – четырехкратная. Технология выращивания картофеля – гребневая. При проведении полевых опытов использовали общепринятые методики. Практически все сорта картофеля, выращенные на равнинной провинции, сформировали высокий урожай в первый год и при дальнейшем размножении в результате развития вирусных болезней резко снизили свои продуктивные качества. Наиболее высокая урожайность в среднем за три года отмечена у сортов Жуковский ранний (20,8 т/га), Импала (20,5 т/га), Невский (17,8 т/га), Предгорный (16,9 т/га) и Удача (16,3 т/га). В свою очередь, горная провинция Дагестана характеризовалась благоприятными почвенно-климатическими условиями для возделывания как продовольственного картофеля, так и для организации первичного семеноводства на безвирусной основе и размножения перспективных сортов этой культуры. В среднем за годы исследований в горной провинции по урожайности выделились сорта Сильвана (37,4 т/га), Удача (37,6 т/га), Рокко (33,3 т/га), Импала (31,7 т/га), Жуковский ранний (29,0 т/га), Предгорный (27,7 т/га) и Примобелла (27,7 т/га), а также гибриды № 12.40/17 (43,1 т/га) и № 13.61/61 (38,8 т/га). The introduction of promising high-yielding varieties and hybrids adapted to the local natural and climatic conditions of cultivation is of great importance in increasing the productivity of potatoes, which determines the efficiency of the industry and the cost of production. The aim of the work is to study the influence of climatic conditions on the productivity and quality indicators of potato varieties and hybrids, as well as their use of favorable soil and climatic conditions in the highlands of the Republic of Dagestan, for breeding and introducing into production new promising, high-yielding, adapted to the growing environment of potato varieties with a complex of economically valuable characteristics. The object of the study was potato varieties of early, mid-early and medium maturation periods of Russian, Belarusian and foreign selection. Field experiments were conducted in 2014–2017 at an altitude of 2000–2200 m, on the lands of the mountain stronghold Kurakhsky of the Kukhar district and on the plain province (the Caspian lowland) on the territory of the suburban area Nauka of the Makhachkala district of the Republic of Dagestan. The landing scheme is 70×30 cm, the repeatability is four times. The technology of growing potatoes is combed. When conducting field experiments, generally accepted methods were used. Almost all potato varieties grown in the lowland province formed a high yield in the first year and, with further propagation, as a result of the development of viral diseases, sharply reduced their productive qualities. The highest yield on average for three years was observed in the varieties Zhukovskiy ranniy (20.8 t/ha), Impala (20.5 t/ha), Nevsky (17.8 t/ha), Predgornyy (16.9 t/ha) and Udacha (16.3 t/ha). In turn, the mountain province of Dagestan was characterized by favorable soil and climatic conditions for the cultivation of both food potatoes, and for the organization of primary seed production on a virus-free basis and the reproduction of promising varieties of this crop. On average, over the years of research in the mountain province, the varieties Silvana (37.4 t/ha), Udacha (37.6 t/ha), Rocco (33.3 t/ha), Impala (31.7 t/ha), Zhukovskiy ranniy (29.0 t/ha), Predgornyy (27.7 t/ha) and Primobella (27.7 t/ha), as well as hybrids No.12.40/17 (43.1 t/ha) and No.13.61/61 (38.8 t/ha) were distinguished by yield.

scholarly journals Improved Rice Technology Adoption: The Role of Spatially-Dependent Risk Preference

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 691
Author(s):  
Omotuyole Isiaka Ambali ◽  
Francisco Jose Areal ◽  
Nikolaos Georgantzis
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Risk Preferences ◽  
Risk Preference ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Risk Attitudes ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Rice Varieties

This study analyses farmers’ adoption of improved rice technology, taking into account farmers’ risk preferences; the unobserved spatial heterogeneity associated with farmers’ risk preferences; farmers’ household and farm characteristics; farm locations, farmers’ access to information, and their perceptions on the rice improved varieties (i.e., high yield varieties, HYV). The study used data obtained from field experiments and a survey conducted in 2016 in Nigeria. An instrumental-variable probit model was estimated to account for potential endogenous farmers’ risk preference in the adoption decision model. Results show that risk averse (risk avoidant) farmers are less likely to adopt HYV, with the spatial lags of farmers’ risk attitudes found to be a good instrument for spatially unobserved variables (e.g., environmental and climatic factors). We conclude that studies supporting policy action aiming at the diffusion of improved rice varieties need to collect information, if possible, on farmers’ risk attitudes, local environmental and climatic conditions (e.g., climatic, topographic, soil quality, pest incidence) in order to ease the design and evaluation of policy actions on the adoption of improved agricultural technology.

scholarly journals Technological and Economic Analysis on the Hungarian Rice Sector

2003 ◽  
pp. 226-233
Author(s):  
Ferenc Apáti
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Northern Edge ◽  
The Cost

Hungary lies on the northern edge of rice production area. According to this, the climatic conditions area not perfect for this species. The production area of rice involves typically the poorer quality soils, however these meet the requirements of rice. In Hungary exclusively domestic types are grown which have high yield and good quality and these are usually wore successful than foreign types. On the other hand, these Hungarian types should be improved considering safety in production. Nowadays, rice is grown in large scale companies with 300-1400 hectares, where production technology already exists, machinery is suitable, however the latter one a little bit old.The average yields of the analysed companies were 3-4 t/ha in the past few years, which were a little bit above the national averages. The operating cost per hectare is almost 200 thousand HUF, from which the main part is the cost of machinery (35%) and the material cost (34%). The main part of the latter one is the irrigation costs (30%). The average cost, calculated from the total production cost, is 80 thousand HUF/t. Considering the above-mentioned costs and the price of rice (75 thousand HUF/t) it can be stated that the profitability of the rice sector is not the best, the cost rated profitability is -6.6%. According to the results of this analysis possibilities for the increase in profitability and improvement are increased subsidies and market price, as well as genetic improvement.

scholarly journals Agroecological assessment of potato variety specimens in the conditions of the Astrakhan region

2021 ◽  
Vol 843 (1) ◽  
pp. 012014
Author(s):  
T V Boeva ◽  
Sh B Bairambekov ◽  
A S Sokolov ◽  
G N Kiseleva
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Spring Planting

Abstract The article presents the results of the ecological test of 13 promising varieties of potato in a hot climate of the Astrakhan region. The analysis of the potato various samples productivity showed that under the spring planting period ten samples had the yielding capacity on 4.2-19.6 t/ha higher than the standard variety Impala (44.7 t/ha). High air temperatures during the summer planting period were the cause of the reduction in yield in almost all samples due to the decrease in the number and weight of tubers from one plant. The varietal specimen 10C-120-003 was able to produce a high yield under specific conditions of the region, which was on 2.4 t/ha higher compared to the same indicator in the spring planting period. The following specimens were distinguished by the starch content in potato tubers: Doka-2 and 10C-120-003 (19.2%), La Strada (18.4%), Flamingo (18.1%), Karmen (16.9%), 172/24 (16.3%), Real and 10C-135-015 (15.2%). The specimens Primabel, 802/17 and Baltic Rose have accumulated in tubers the largest amount of vitamin C, the surplus in relation to the standard was 0.1-0.3-0.6 mg% respectively. The cost-effectiveness analysis showed that cultivation of potato in the conditions of the Astrakhan region on drip irrigation conditions is profitable.

scholarly journals Дослідження інтенсивнійої технології вирощування озимої пшениці та різних агротехнічних прийомів у Луганській області

2018 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
С. В. Маслійов ◽  
О. О. Беседа ◽  
В. Ф. Дрель ◽  
В. О. Арсієнко
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Sharp Drop ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Individual Productivity ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
The Cost

Важко сьогодні уявити технологію вирощування зернових культур без використання регуляторів росту. І це зрозуміло. Адже, ведучи мову про рентабельне виробництво зерна, ми неодмінно асоціюємо це з підвищенням рівня врожайності, яке неможливе без зростання індивідуальної продуктивності рослин. Застосування цих препаратів у поєднанні зі збільшенням культури землеробства та збільшенням масштабів застосування добрив сприяло значному росту урожайності озимої пшениці не тільки в дослідах, але й на виробничих масивах. Однак аналіз рівня урожаїв, які були отримані в Луганській області в наступні роки, показав, що величина його не завжди гарантується. Особливо різке падіння урожаїв в окремі роки здавалось незрозумілим та неприйнятним після запровадження у виробництво прийомів, заснованих на застосуванні регуляторів росту. Аналіз причин різкого падіння урожаїв озимої пшениці в окремі роки показав, що воно зумовлено, перш за все, епіфітотіями – грибковими захворюваннями та ушкодженням рослинними шкідниками. Особливо різке зниження урожаїв відбувається в роки, коли паралельно з’являються два або три з перелічених факторів. Вчені дійшли висновку, що після впровадження у виробництво високоврожайних сортів, застосування ретардантів росту потрібно проводити й боротьбу з хворобами та шкідниками на посівах озимої пшениці. Адже тільки на посівах, захищених від цих факторів, є можливість отримати високопродуктивні урожаї. Nowadays it is difficult to imagine the technology of cultivating grain crops without the use of grow regulators. And this is understandable. After all, speaking about the cost-effective production of grain, we necessarily associate this with an increase in the level of yield, which is impossible without the growth of individual productivity of plants. The use of these drugs in conjunction with the increase in the culture of agriculture and the increase in the use of fertilizers contributed to a significant increase in winter wheat yields not only in experiments, but also in production massifs. However, analysis of the level of yields that was obtained in Luhansk region in next years has shown that its size is not always guaranteed. Especially sharp drop in yields in some years seemed incomprehensible and unacceptable after introducing into the production of techniques based on the use of growth regulators. Analysis of the causes of a sharp drop in winter wheat yields in some years has shown that it is due primarily to the manifestation of epiphytotic diseases – fungal diseases and damage to plant pests. Especially sharp decrease of crops occurs in years when two or almost three of the listed factors appear simultaneously. Scientists came to the conclusion that after introduction of the application of growth retardants into production of high-yielding varieties, it is necessary to carry out the fight against diseases and pests on winter wheat crops. After all, only crops protected from these factors have the opportunity to obtain high yield crops.

scholarly journals Of mixtures in the system of fodder production of the Republic of Tatarstan

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Рустем Мухамадиев ◽  
Rustem Mukhamadiev ◽  
Рустам Низамов ◽  
Rustam Nizamov ◽  
Марсель Маликов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Livestock Feeds ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
The Republic

Mixed crops of annual fodder crops are one of the main levers for balancing livestock feeds, at the same time increasing their productivity and quality remains an urgent task. In connection with these, from 2011 to 2013 years, we conducted field experiments with these crops. Thus, for the first time in the soil-climatic conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan, the following were studied at the research site: the effectiveness of applying calculated doses of mineral fertilizers to the planned yield of poly-species forage crops; quality and nutritional value of feed; dynamics of nutrition elements on strip crops of sunflower and annual grasses, depending on the nutrition background. According to the results of the research, it was found that the largest harvest of fodder units is achieved with the sowing scheme 180 + 180 cm (N85P35K35), the highest increment of dry matter is in the scheme 180 + 180 and 360 + 360 cm (N130P60K60), the maximum harvesting of crude protein for sunflower seeding and annual grasses with a width of strips of 180 cm (N130P60K60).

scholarly journals Provenance trials of variety samples of potato under the conditions of Murmansk region

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
CHelnokova V.V.
Keyword(s):  
High Yield ◽  
Environmental Testing ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
State Commission ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
Area Unit ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
High Yields ◽  
The Cost

The problem of creating varieties with a complex of economically useful features in the effective use of the natural resources of the region requires the establishment of parameters and properties of potato varieties, which would provide stably high yields per area unit with good consumer and commodity qualities, resistance to diseases with a high probability. Acceleration of the process of identification and transfer to the State Commission of the Russian Federation for testing and protecting selection achievements of prospective potato selection varieties is the goal of environmental testing conducted on the basis of the Murmansk State Agricultural Experimental Station. Based on the conducted studies of the agro-climatic resources of the region and potato variety testing, a model of targeted potato varieties for the conditions of the Far North is described. This model will allow selection of new varieties adapted to local agro-landscapes to increase production, reduce the cost of its cultivation and improve consumer qualities. A new technique has been developed and its ability to produce statistically reliable results in testing of potato sorts at a lower cost of labor and funds is estimated. When introduced into practice, this technique will allow to effectively promote scientific and technological progress in the production of agricultural products, reducing the cost of it. The study and selection for different soil and climatic zones of the country of varieties with any speed ripening, high-yield, high-value, high content of protein and vitamins in tubers, good taste and storage stability, resistant to diseases and suitable for food and industrial processing will be improved. The main emphasis in the improved methodology is given to reducing its laboriousness, which is reduced by 20%, with high statistical reliability of the results obtained.

scholarly journals TEST RESULTS FOR CLONES OF GARLIC

2018 ◽  
pp. 11-12
Author(s):  
B. S. Salomov ◽  
M. H. Aramov
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
State Register ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Almost All

A large number of forms and varieties of garlic created in the selection process allowed this culture to spread almost all over the world: in temperate regions, in subtropics and even in tropical regions. Currently, the world's acreage of garlic is 1.438 million hectares, the average yield is 16.9 tons per hectare, the gross yield is 24.255 million tons. The largest producers of garlic are China, India, South Korea and Egypt. The highest yield was recorded in Uzbekistan, Egypt, China, Tadjikistan. In Uzbekistan, it is grown everywhere, mainly on household plots and small areas in farms. In the republic, varieties of garlic are South-violet (1972) and May VIR (1978). Since 2004, the Surkhandarya Scientific Experimental Station of the VegetableMelon Crops and Potato Research Institute has been conducting selection work to create new varieties of garlic. As a result of the research, the Chidamli variety was introduced and, since 2016, introduced into the State Register. All zoned varieties belong to the group of autumn-sprouting varieties. In 2011- 2015, about 100 promising clones of garlic were evaluated in the south of Uzbekistan. The effectiveness of selection for the size of bulbs and teeth is revealed. Clones with a mass of bulbs and teeth are isolated. Clones with a bulb weight of more than 80 g and a tooth mass of more than 6 g are distinguished. They are a valuable source for the creation of high-yielding varieties of garlic in Uzbekistan.

scholarly journals Techniques for rational use of technical equipment in sunflower oilseeds production

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00012
Author(s):  
Faik Safiollin ◽  
Genadiy Minnullin ◽  
Salavat Suleymanov ◽  
Nikolai Loginov ◽  
Dieter Trautz
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Main Crop ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Oilseed Production ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Technological Means ◽  
The Cost

The paper summarizes the 5-year experimental data of the authors on the study of various technologies for sunflower cultivation in the soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan. Particular attention is paid to improving the methods of rational use of modern technological means with regards to the biological characteristics of the studied culture. It has been established that the classical technology of sunflower cultivation with deepening of the arable layer, diagonal closing of moisture, presowing cultivation to the depth of 6-8 cm, placement of rows in the South-North direction pre- and post- sowing harrowing and inter-row cultivation provides 93 % of the planned yield. The profitability of oilseed production is 69.2 %, and net profit is 13.7 thousand rubles per hectare. 7.4 thousand rubles of proceedings in cash comes to an enterprise from the sale of 1 ton of grown products. In large holding agricultural entities of Tatarstan with sunflower areas of more than 250-300 hectares, weed control using the Clearfield system excludes harrowing of crops and inter-row cultivation. The use of selective herbicide intended only for a single hybrid allows the 70 to 100 % weeds destruction without damaging the main crop. The economic indicators of the mixture of the developed agricultural technology with chemical crops weeding are quite high. Specifically, the profitability is 59.6 % and the cost of production of 1 ton of oilseeds is lower than its sales price by 6.7 thousand rubles.

scholarly journals Selection of high-yielding varieties and hybrids of pan patty squash, determining their most favorable planting dates

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 04024
Author(s):  
Shavkat Durkhodjaev ◽  
Sohibjon Islamov ◽  
Tulganoy Kenjaeva ◽  
Abdulaziz Tojiboyev
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
The Family ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

In this article, the results of research on the cultivation of patty pan squash in the climatic conditions of Uzbekistan, Planting for different periods and its growth, development, yield, as well as the impact of weather conditions were presented. Squash is a one-year plant of the family of zucchini, mainly shrub, rarely found in the form of a whip. The results showed that average yield of “White-13” control was 16 tons/ha, and it was 17 tons/ha in “Solnyshko”. Furthermore, “NLO White” and “Umberall” had a high yield compared to the other varieties and hybrids, accounted for 15 tons/ha and 15.1 tons/ha, respectively. The highest average temperature during seed germination was found in 16 august, which was 30.3°C, whereas the lowest average temperature was 18.6°C in 1st April. The results showed that 4 days were required to reach 10% of seed germination in the period April 16 and May 1, however, 10% of seed germination in July 1 and 16th took 6 days. Furthermore, the least days for 75% of seed, germination was observed in the period of May 1, accounted for 8 days, and the rest of the period was the same.

scholarly journals The results of ecological testing of early and mid-season potato varieties in the Komi Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-339
Author(s):  
A. G. Tulinov ◽  
A. Yu. Lobanov
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Search and introduction of new potato varieties that can be recommended for cultivation in soil and climatic conditions of the Komi Republic are especially important against the background of the average yield in the region of 12.1 t/ha, that is 6.7 t/ha lower than the average in Russia. In 2019-2020 on the basis of the A. V. Zhuravsky Institute of Agrobiotechnology of the Federal Research Center of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, there were tested potato varieties of the early maturing group – Armada, Meteor, Gulliver, Taifun and Krepysh (standard) and the mid-season group – Varyag, Vympel, Krasa Meshchery, Kumach, Fritella, Vychegodskii and Zyryanets (standard). From the early maturing group, the varieties Armada and Gulliver have been selected as giving a consistently high yield, which exceeded the standard by 6.8-7.1 t/ha on average for two years. Among mid-season varieties no one reliably exceeded the standard variety Zyryanets in terms of yield productivity. The highest yield and marketability was noted for the Fritella variety – 30.5 t/ha and 97 %. All the varieties under study, except for Vychegodskii, showed an average resistance of the tops to late blight damage. Moderate early blight damage of the tops (up to 20 % of the leaf surface) was noted in three varieties – Meteor, Taifun and Vychegodski. The following varieties showed high resistance to common scab - Vympel (no damage), Zyryanets (few lesions) and Gulliver (up to 10 % of tuber surface damage). In all studied varieties the potato tubers were not affected by late blight during both years of research. For cultivation, the agricultural producers of the Komi Republic should use the varieties Armada (29.7 t/ha), Gulliver (28.1 t/ha), Vympel (29.2 t/ha), Fritella (30.5 t/ha), which have good resistance to phytopathogens and high quality of tubers.

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