AS SINGULARIDADES DA AMAZÔNIA NA BRINCADEIRA DE FAZ-DE-CONTA DE PAPÉIS SOCIAIS DA PRÉ-ESCOLA

O artigo é proveniente de uma pesquisa de mestrado cujo objetivo é compreender de que forma a brincadeira de faz-de-conta de papéis sociais contribui no desenvolvimento da personalidade das crianças na pré-escola. Nesse sentido, buscou-se compreender de que forma as crianças ressignificam situações sociais vivenciadas por elas através da brincadeira de faz-de-conta e identificar as funções psíquicas superiores envolvidas nessa atividade. Os pressupostos teórico-metodológicos inspiram-se nos estudos de Vigotski e seus seguidores. A brincadeira de faz-de-conta de papéis sociais, atividade guia do desenvolvimento infantil na pré-escola, permite a compreensão e reflexão sobre o cotidiano e se constitui como atividade essencial na formação das funções psíquicas superiores, dentre elas a imaginação, a função simbólica da consciência e controle da vontade. A pesquisa se caracteriza como estudo experimental realizado em uma Unidade Municipal de Educação Infantil (UMEI) do município de Santarém, PA. Foram realizadas observações da rotina das crianças e intervenção junto a professora de uma turma pré-escolar, com foco em estudos formativos sobre a brincadeira de faz-de-conta de papéis sociais. Os dados foram registrados em diário de campo, fotografias e vídeos. Os resultados revelam que a brincadeira de faz-de-conta de papéis sociais possibilita efeitos educativos que exercem influência sobre o desenvolvimento da personalidade das crianças que, ao brincarem, representam as regras, conteúdos e temas advindos das relações sociais. As crianças representaram, no faz-de-conta, dentre outros aspectos, papéis sociais de argumento da particularidade regional, expressando as singularidades do meio em que vivem.Palavras-chave: Brincadeiras de faz-de-conta. Personalidade. Pré-escola.AMAZON'S SINGULARITIES IN THE SOCIAL ROLES MAKE - BELIEVE ACTIVITIES OF PRESCHOOL AbstractThe article comes from a master's research whose objective is to comprehend in which way social roles make - believe activities contribute to children's personality development. In this sense, to understand the way children resignify social situations experienced for themselves through make - believe activities and identify superior psychological functions involved in social roles make - believe activities developed by kids from the class. The theoretical-methodological assumptions are inspired by the studies of Vygotsky and his followers. The social roles make - believe activities, as a guiding propellant activity of infantile development in preschool, allows comprehension and reflection about everyday life and it is constituted as an essential activity regarding the development of superior psychological functions, among them, imagination, consciousness symbolic function and will control. The research is characterized as an experimental study achieved at a Municipal Unit of Infantile Education (UMEI) of Santarém City - Pará.. Observations of the routine of the children were carried out and intervention with the teacher of a pre-school group, focusing on formative studies about social roles make - believe activities. The data were recorded in field diary, photographs and videos. The results show that the social roles make - believe activities enable educational effects which influence on children’s personality development that, when playing represent rules, contents and themes from social relations. Children represented, in the make - believe, social roles among other aspects, social roles of argument of regional particularity, expressing the singularities of the environment in which they live.Keywords: Make – believe activities. Personality. Preschool.LAS SIGULARIDADES DE LA AMAZONIA EN EL JUEGO DE HACER DE CUENTA DE PAPELES SOCIALES DE LA PRE-ESCUELA Resumen El artículo proviene de una investigación de maestría cuyo objetivo es comprender cómo el juego de hacer de cuenta de papeles sociales contribuye en el desarrollo de la personalidad de los niños en la preescolar. En ese sentido, se buscó comprender de qué forma los niños resignifican situaciones sociales vivenciadas por ellas a través del brote de hacer de cuenta e identificar las funciones psíquicas superiores involucradas en esa actividad. Los presupuestos teórico-metodológicos se inspiran en los estudios de Vigotski y sus seguidores. El juego de hacer de cuenta de papeles sociales, actividad guía del desarrollo infantil en la pre-escuela, permite la comprensión y reflexión sobre lo cotidiano y se constituye como actividad esencial en la formación de las funciones psíquicas superiores, entre ellas la imaginación, la función simbólica de la conciencia y control de la voluntad. La investigación se caracteriza como estudio experimental realizado en una Unidad Municipal de Educación Infantil (UMEI) del municipio de Santarém, PA. Se realizaron observaciones de la rutina de los niños e intervención junto a la profesora de una clase preescolar, con foco en estudios formativos sobre el juego de hacer de cuenta de papeles sociales. Los datos se registraron en diario de campo, fotografías y vídeos. Los resultados revelan que el juego de hacer de cuenta de papeles sociales posibilita efectos educativos que influyen en el desarrollo de la personalidad de los niños que, al jugar, representan las reglas, contenidos y temas provenientes de las relaciones sociales. Los niños representaron, en el hecho de, entre otros aspectos, papeles sociales de argumento de la particularidad regional, expresando las singularidades del medio en que viven.Palabras clave: Juego. Personalidad. Preescola.

Mead, George Herbert (1863–1931)

Together with Charles Peirce, William James and John Dewey, George Herbert Mead is considered one of the classic representatives of American pragmatism. He is most famous for his ideas about the specificities of human communication and sociality and about the genesis of the ‘self’ in infantile development. By developing these ideas, Mead became one of the founders of social psychology and – mostly via his influence on the school of symbolic interactionism – one of the most influential figures in contemporary sociology. Compared to that enormous influence, other parts of his philosophical work are relatively neglected.

Effects of sympathectomy on ovarian follicular development and steroid secretion

Recently, the influence of adrenergic activity over ovarian function, and thus fertility, has begun to gain importance. Previous studies have shown that adrenergic activity through norepinephrine (NE) participates in the control of follicular development and steroidal secretion from the ovary, among other functions. To examine this phenomenon, the denervation of the gonad has been widely used to observe changes in the ovary’s performance. Nevertheless, the effect of the absence of adrenergic nerves in the ovary has only been studied in short times periods. In the present work, we used guanethidine (a drug that produces an irreversible sympathectomy) during the infantile period of rats, and we observed its effects in the adult rat (6 months old). Our results indicate that ovarian NE content is recovered at 6 months old, alongside with an increase of the adrenal content of NE and a dysfunctional celiac ganglion. Together, these results suggest that the recovery of ovarian NE does not come from a neural origin. In addition, ovarian performance was impaired because the changes in follicular development and steroidal secretion are not recovered despite the recovery of ovarian NE content. In conclusion, these results suggest that the nerve–ovarian connections, which are established during infantile development, are necessary for the accurate response of the ovary to sympathetic stimulation.

The Collected Works of D. W. Winnicott

Volume 3 (1946–1951) begins with an introduction by the Italian analysts Vincenzo Bonaminio and Paolo Fabozzi and covers the difficult post-war situation in England and the foundation of the National Health Service. The volume includes papers on juvenile delinquency; critical interventions in debates on the physical treatment of mental disorder, in particular leucotomy and electroconvulsive therapy; and a selection of letters to colleagues, notable among which are those regarding Melanie Klein and the Kleinians within the British Society, and a series of letters to Roger Money-Kyrle on the possible inclusion of an article by him in the volume celebrating Klein’s 70th birthday. Volume 3 contains several important theoretical contributions to psychoanalysis that develop further his accounts of infantile development, mother–child relations and the effects of maternal depression, and aggression, and it sees the publication of the first spoken version of his most famous paper, ‘Transitional Objects and Transitional Phenomena’ [CW 3:6:6].

The Psychology of Madness

In this paper to the British Psychoanalytic Society, Winnicott addresses both the fear of madness met with in patients and also the actual madness of schizophrenia. He brings in the subject of early infantile development and environmental failure and proposes that a patient’s fear of madness may actually be a fear of the return of a madness already experienced. The patient in such a condition may have to come back to re-experience the madness in a regressed and nonverbal phase of unconscious process with the analyst. The danger of this work is indicated, but Winnicott also asserts there can be the hope of recovery.

Micturition Disturbances

Chapter 18 of Clinical Notes on Disorders of Childhood. In this chapter, Winnicott relates difficulties of interpreting parent’s false modesty when interviewed about micturition and defecation. Winnicott discusses the microscopic examination of urine, albuminaria, the presence of pus, red blood corpuscles and threadworm. He also discusses enuresis as a likely and even normal consequence of the great emotional strains and stresses of infantile development. He describes possible treatment for enuresis, distinguishing between the child’s point of view, the parent’s point of view, and the doctor’s point of view.