A Randomized Trial of Mentored vs Nonmentored Military Medics Compared in the Application of a Wound Clamp Without Prior Training: When to Shut Up and Just Watch!

ABSTRACT Introduction Hemorrhage control is a basic task required of first responders and typically requires technical interventions during stressful circumstances. Remote telementoring (RTM) utilizes information technology to guide inexperienced providers, but when this is useful remains undefined. Methods Military medics were randomized to mentoring or not from an experienced subject matter expert during the application of a wound clamp (WC) to a simulated bleed. Inexperienced, nonmentored medics were given a 30-second safety briefing; mentored medics were not. Objective outcomes were time to task completion and success in arresting simulated bleeding. Results Thirty-three medics participated (16 mentored and 17 nonmentored). All (100%) successfully applies the WC to arrest the simulated hemorrhage. RTM significantly slowed hemorrhage control (P = 0.000) between the mentored (40.4 ± 12.0 seconds) and nonmentored (15.2 ± 10.3 seconds) groups. On posttask questionnaire, all medics subjectively rated the difficulty of the wound clamping as 1.7/10 (10 being extremely hard). Discussion: WC application appeared to be an easily acquired technique that was effective in controlling simulated extremity exsanguination, such that RTM while feasible did not improve outcomes. Limitations were the lack of true stress and using simulation for the task. Future research should focus on determining when RTM is useful and when it is not required.

Survey Questionnaire Survey Pretesting Method: An Evaluation of Survey Questionnaire via Expert Reviews Technique

Whereas the literature on questionnaire pretesting has revealed a paradox, questionnaire pretesting is a simple technique to measure in advance whether a questionnaire causes problems for respondents or interviewers. Consequently, experienced researchers and survey methodologists have declared questionnaire pretesting indispensable. All the same, published survey reports provide no information about whether a questionnaire was pretested and, if so, how and with what results. Moreover, until recently, there has been limited methodological research on questionnaire pretesting. The universally acknowledged importance of questionnaire pretesting has been honoured more in theory than in practice. As a result, we know very little about pretesting and the extent to which a pretest serves its intended purpose and leads to value-added on questionnaires. An expert review is a traditional method of questionnaire pretesting. Expert reviews can be conducted with varying levels of organisation and rigor. On the lower end of the spectrum, an experienced subject matter expert, or survey methodologist reviews a draft questionnaire to identify issues with question wording or administration that may lead to measurement error. On the more rigorous end of the spectrum, as employed in this study is the Questionnaire Appraisal Scheme method, a standardized instrument review containing 28 problem types that allow experienced researchers and/or coders to code, analyse and compare the results of questionnaire problems reported by the independent expert reviewers for consistency and agreement across the expert reviewers. However, in spite of the wider use of the expert review as a pretest method, fewer empirical evaluations of this method exist. Specifically, there is little evidence as to whether different expert reviews consistently identified similar questionnaire problems. Similarly, there has been no reasonable level of agreements across the expert reviewers in their evaluation of questionnaire problems. This paper addresses these shortcomings. The protocols employed in the paper would contribute to reducing the shortfall in pretesting guidelines and encourage roundtable discussions in academia and management practice.

Kinematic differences on mid-range basketball jump-shot between experienced and less-experienced collegiate player

Jump shot in modern basketball is an effective scoring way to overcome pressure of the defender. Fundamental jump shot technique relies on experience and biomechanical analyses. The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate kinematic profile of basketball players based on their experience level during mid-range jump shot. Four experienced basketball players and four less-experienced basketball players participated in the experiment. Jump shot phase was classified into 3 categories: preparatory, action, and follow-through. Angular displacement and angular velocity were measured using three-dimension (3D) motion capture technology. One-way Anova analysis indicated significant differences on several kinematic parameters between groups. On preparatory phase, experienced subject produced larger magnitude for right-shoulder extension (-10.3±14.7˚) and produced smaller angular velocity for hips flexion (41.0±11.6˚/s). During the action phase, experienced subject produced larger magnitude for right-wrist flexion (-145.9±40.3˚), larger angular velocity for right-wrist flexion (-182.8±35.7˚/s), larger angular velocity for ankle plantar flexion (-159.5±27.3˚/s), and larger angular velocity for right-elbow extension (-149.6±33.3˚/s). The findings of this study indicated that improper mechanics of basketball jump shot existed in less-experienced players. To practice jump shot technique, preparatory phase and action phase should be the main emphasis for every coach when deals with less-experienced player.

Book Review: The Subject Liaison’s Survival Guide to Technical Services

What happens when an experienced subject liaison is teamed with a veteran technical services librarian? You get a slim but informative volume that details the fine points of technical services in a way that anyone can understand.The Subject Liaison’s Survival Guide to Technical Services is divided into chapters corresponding to different aspects of library technical services: “Collection Development,” “Budgets and Budgeting,” “Submitting Orders” (from the subject liaison’s perspective), “Acquisitions Ordering” (what the technical services department does with those submitted orders), “Receiving and Processing,” “Cataloging,” and “Collections Maintenance.” While the guide could be read in a single sitting, the way it is arranged also makes it useful as a reference tool. A subject liaison can consult each of the chapters as needed. Each chapter contains a section titled “Questions You Should Be Asking,” which serves as a concise summary of the most important things subject liaisons will need to know during the course of their daily duties.

Digitalization of Human Operations in the Age of Cyber Manufacturing: Sensorimotor Analysis of Manual Grinding Performance

This paper presents new techniques to analyze and understand the sensorimotor characteristics of manual operations such as grinding, and links their influence on process performance. A grinding task, though simple, requires the practitioner to combine elements from the large repertoire of his or her skillset. Based on the joint gaze, force, and velocity data collected from a series of manual grinding experiments, we have compared operators with different levels of experience and quantitatively described characteristics of human manual skill and their effects on manufacturing process parameters such as cutting energy, surface finish, and material removal rate (MRR). For instance, we find that an experienced subject performs the task in a precise manner by moving the tool in complex paths, with lower applied forces and velocities, and short fixations compared to a novice. A detailed understanding of gaze-motor behavior broadens our knowledge of how a manual task is executed. Our results help to provide this extra insight, and impact future efforts in workforce training as well as the digitalization of manual expertise, thereby facilitating the transformation of raw data into product-specific knowledge.

Motivation for choosing teaching as a career - the perspective of pre-service teachers, novices and experienced subject teachers

Since motivation for choosing the teaching profession figures as one of the most important determinants of the successfulness of teachers and even their students, this paper is aimed at investigating the factors of choosing teaching as a career. For that purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the students of ?teacher training? faculties, novices and subject teachers with more than five years of work experience (N=76). Thematic analysis was used to identify nine categories of motivational factors: Working with young people (the desire to have a dynamic and creative job in the surroundings of young people), Influence on students (the motivation to exert influence on students? socio-emotional development, values and education), Dealing with the subject (the motivation for dealing with the science that the person studied), Class teacher/Teacher/Parents as a role model (the motivation stemming from the influence of significant others), Lecturing (the desire to ?transfer knowledge?), Lifelong learning (the desire for permanent learning in different fields), Working hours and holidays (the motivation due to working hours and holidays), Fit with the abilities (the desire to realise the ?naturally given? abilities) and Reputation (the desire to be appreciated in the society). In keeping with the results of other studies, it has been found that altruistic motivation for the choice of teaching as a career is dominant, while extrinsic motivation is least present. The findings are interpreted in the light of the current models of motivation for choosing teaching as a career and the characteristics of teachers? education and status in Serbia.

Static volume-pressure characteristics of the respiratory system during maximal efforts

Maximal expiratory and inspiratory static airway pressures at different lung volumes were measured in 56 normal subjects of both sexes ranging in age from 6 to 64 years. A new method was used requiring a special mouthpiece, a series of containers of different volumes (allowing volume combinations from 1.5 to 200 liters), and a manometer. The subjects breathed into or out of the containers as forcibly as possible; the lung volumes corresponding to the maximal pressures developed were calculated by Boyle's law. The results are compared with those obtained by other authors. The maximal pressures developed by our subjects, particularly on expiration, were considerably higher than most published values. This was probably the result of using a special mouthpiece which provided an adequate seal even at high pressures. One experienced subject obtained pressures as high as 300 cm H2O on expiration and 200 cm H2O on inspiration. strength; muscles; pressures; chest Submitted on November 29, 1963