REPRESENTATION AND APPLICATION OF DIGITAL STANDARDS USING KNOWLEDGE GRAPHS

Standards are an important source of knowledge in product development. Due to the increasing digitization of the product development process, standard development organizations aim to develop machine-actionable standards that automatically enforce operations in output devices. However, the current representation format in PDF or XML does not meet the requirements of machine-actionable standards. This paper examines existing approaches towards the representation of XML data in knowledge graphs and their transferability towards the domain of digital standards. Based on these approaches, the paper aims to develop and validate a concept for transferring standard content from XML format to a graph-based representation, using the example of formulas. For this purpose, a concept for the automatic identification, extraction and modeling of formulas will be presented. Afterwards, the concept is validated using the example of DIN ISO 281 whereas a chatbot application serves as conversational user interface. It is proven, that knowledge graphs are suitable for the representation of machine-actionable standard content. Future work will investigate the abstraction towards a general approach as well as further information objects of standards.

Electrojet estimates from mesospheric magnetic field measurements

<p>The auroral electrojet is traditionally measured remotely with magnetometers on ground or in low Earth orbit (LEO). The sparse spatial coverage of measurements, combined with a vertical distance (~100 km to ground and typically >300 km to LEO satellites) means that smaller scale sizes cannot be detected.  Because of this, our understanding of the spatiotemporal characteristics of the electrojet is incomplete. Recent advances in measurement technology allow us to overcome these limitations by multi-point remote detections of the magnetic field in the mesosphere, very close to the electrojet. We present a theoretical prediction of the magnitude of these disturbances, inferred from the spatiotemporal characteristics of magnetic field-aligned currents. We further discuss how the Electrojet Zeeman Imaging Explorer (EZIE) satellites that will carry Zeeman magnetic field sensors will be used to essentially image the equivalent current at unprecedented spatial resolution.  The electrojet imaging is demonstrated by combining carefully simulated measurements with a spherical elementary current representation using a novel inversion scheme.  This new capability will allow us to finally resolve long-standing controversies such as – what is the substorm current wedge configuration?</p>

"Body Language" pilot and gendered language in modern Canadian television

In this thesis I draw on deconstruction theory and queer theory to analyze the current representation of sex, gender, and sexuality in Canadian television. Through this research I found that although Canadian television is portraying an increasing number of queer genders and sexualities, misinformation and stereotypes continue to perpetuate a one-dimensional characterization of people. This research pertains directly to my creative thesis: a pilot episode of a TV series which fraternal twins, Jed and Theodora, grow up with the ability to switch into one another's body. I dive directly into the correlation between sex and gender and the lived experience of being in a body that does not necessarily represent gender. The will both create a new gendered "construction" as well as question the need for gender identifications.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CRIMINAL SANCTIONS AND SINGULARITY OF CRIMINAL LAW

The article describes the phenomenon of singularity in criminal law, as well as its impact on the effectiveness of criminal sanctions. It is noted that the crisis of criminal law policy has led to the emergence of extremely dangerous trends. One of these is the singularity of criminal law. The article defi nes this as a modern phenomenon in criminal law that refl ects its crisis. It is pointed out that the term «singularity», which is widely used in physics, philosophy, and mathematics, can be used in criminal law to generalise the boundaries beyond which it seems poorly possible or impossible to describe phenomena in terms of current representation and understanding. Attention is drawn to the position of scientists who point to the absorption of positive criminal law by the anti-law within the framework of the singularity state. Emphasis is placed on leveling traditional criminal law institutions such as sanctions, punishment, and their preventive, protective, and punitive effects. The infl uence of the singularity on the effectiveness of criminal sanctions is shown. It is emphasised that globalisation in social networks generates a new phenomenon of parallel criminal law impact.

The United Nations at Seventy-Five: Where Are the Women in The United Nations Now?

Following the unsuccessful attempt to get a woman appointed as UN secretary-general in 2016 and the drop in women in senior posts in 2015, it appeared that gender equality at the UN was as distant as ever. Yet, gender equality within the Secretariat and UN system has been on the organization's agenda since 1970, with goals and target dates set for the level of women's participation and achievement. These have been met in some issue areas (for example, in so-called feminine portfolios) and organizations, but not others. As part of the special issue on “The United Nations at Seventy-Five: Looking Back to Look Forward,” this essay traces the evolution of efforts to increase the representation of women in the UN system and takes stock of their current representation therein, analyzing the data on the Secretariat and appointments to senior posts as well as in various operations and programs.

Categorical Metadata Representation for Customized Text Classification

The performance of text classification has improved tremendously using intelligently engineered neural-based models, especially those injecting categorical metadata as additional information, e.g., using user/product information for sentiment classification. This information has been used to modify parts of the model (e.g., word embeddings, attention mechanisms) such that results can be customized according to the metadata. We observe that current representation methods for categorical metadata, which are devised for human consumption, are not as effective as claimed in popular classification methods, outperformed even by simple concatenation of categorical features in the final layer of the sentence encoder. We conjecture that categorical features are harder to represent for machine use, as available context only indirectly describes the category, and even such context is often scarce (for tail category). To this end, we propose using basis vectors to effectively incorporate categorical metadata on various parts of a neural-based model. This additionally decreases the number of parameters dramatically, especially when the number of categorical features is large. Extensive experiments on various data sets with different properties are performed and show that through our method, we can represent categorical metadata more effectively to customize parts of the model, including unexplored ones, and increase the performance of the model greatly.

Formation of Internal Financial Control and Internal Financial Audit in the System of Executive Authorities

The article provides the history of the formation and organization of financial control and audit from Ancient Greece to modern Russia. The current representation of the concepts of «internal financial control» and «internal financial audit» are determined. The formation of internal financial control and audit in the context of the importance of the management of social and economic development is considered. The article points out the validity and effectiveness of internal financial control and audit in the system of executive authorities. The author describes the interrelation between the availability of internal financial control and audit in the financial and budgetary sphere and the effectiveness of solving social and economic tasks of the public sector of the economy. The article also provides the authors opinion about the classification of responsibilities for the implementation of internal financial control of executive authorities. The article describes the methods of internal financial control and audit that are presented by author as a range of financial procedures in the field of budgetary and financial and economic planning. The internal financial control and audit as one of the most important management functions that is carried out at all levels of subordination is a system of observations and checks of the correct functioning of the public authority in the process of implementation of taken decisions. The author also gives an idea of the current methods of conducting internal financial audit in the system of executive authorities. The article also presents the authors point of view about the concept of internal financial control and internal financial audit in public authorities.