Necrosis Description of Mice Liver Induced with Monosodium Glutamate and Methanol Robusta Coffee Bean Extract (Coffea canephora)

This study aimed to analyze the effect of methanol robusta coffee bean extract (Coffea canephora) on liver histopathological description in mice induced with monosodium glutamate (MSG). This study was used 20 male mice for 5 treatment groups: K + (MSG 0.12 mg and Vitamin C 6 mg), K- (MSG 0.12 mg and CMC Na 0.1 ml), P1 (MSG 0.12 mg and RCE 0.1 mg), P2 (MSG 0.12 mg and RCE 0.2 mg), and P3 (MSG 0.12 mg and RCE 0.4 mg) per orally for 42 days. Liver histological scores were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis test. The results of Kruskal Wallis test scored p=0,391 which indicates that the data is not significant (p>0.05). In the control and treatment groups there were no significant. In conclusion, the giving methanol robusta coffee bean extract did not show a decrease in hepatosite damage that was different from the negative control treatment group.

Effect of environmental enrichment for piglets in the nursery phase

Objective: The effect of environmental enrichment on the behaviour of piglets in the nursery phase was evaluated.Methods: A total of 450 hybrid pigs (21 day old), including both females and uncastrated males, weighing approximately 6 kg, were distributed in a completely randomised design with 3 treatments and 3 replicates of 50 animals each. The treatments were: i) pen without environmental enrichment (control), ii) treatment consisting of continuous environmental enrichment (CEE) with rubber balls throughout the experimental period, and iii) treatment consisting of environmental enrichment with washed balls (EEWB) during the whole experimental period which were removed daily for washing. For the behavioural evaluation, 10 animals were randomly selected per replicate. The behavioural assessments were performed once a week, from 8 am to 6 pm, using images captured with a video camera. The data were submitted to non-parametric analyses, the means were compared using the Bonferroni test, and Person’s correlations were also calculated.Results: A statistical difference (p = 0.001) was observed in the B5 (playful) behaviour; the animals in the EEWB treatment group had a higher frequency of this behaviour than animals in the control treatment group. The animals in the control group showed a higher frequency of B7 behaviour (lying down) (p = 0.026) than those in the EEWB and CEE treatment groups. The animals in the control group had a higher frequency of the B9 (belly nosing) behaviour than those in the EEWB group (p = 0.015). There was a tendency towards a higher frequency of behaviour B3 (walking in the pen) (p = 0.067) when the animals received the control treatment than treatments EEWB or CEE.Conclusion: The use of an enriching object improved the animal welfare and altered the correlation between the evaluated behaviours compared to the animals that did not have environmental enrichment.

Penerapan Reciprocal Teaching Untuk Meningkatkan Berpikir Kritis Dan Kemandirian Belajar Siswa MA

The purpose of this study is to know: 1) How the application of reciprocal teaching approach can increase the ability of critical thinking and self-regulated learning; 2) whether there is a relationship between the ability to think critically self-regulated learningwith reciprocal teaching approach. This research is implemented Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Bandung Barat with the population are all MA students in West Bandung regency. The method used in this research is Quasi Eksperimen where there are two classes that one class by using reciprocal teaching and one class again using ordinary learning. The study design was a non-randomized control-treatment group, pretest-posttest design. The population of this study was all students in West Bandung regency and the sample subjects were two classes in MAN Bandung Barat with the total number of 72 students, 1 as experiment class and one class as control class. The results of research to improve learning ability by using reciprocal teaching and cognitive learning ability with student learning independence with the reciprocal teaching approachKeywords: reciprocal teaching approach, critical thinking, self-regulated learning.The purpose of this study is to know: 1) How the application of reciprocal teaching approach can increase the ability of critical thinking and self regulated learning; 2) whether there is a relationship between the ability to think critically self regulated learningwith reciprocal teaching approach. This research is implemented Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Bandung Barat with the population are all MA students in West Bandung regency. The method used in this research is Quasi Eksperimen where there are two classes that one class by using reciprocal teaching and one class again using ordinary learning. The study design was a non-randomized control-treatment group, pretest-posttes design. The population of this study were all students in West Bandung regency and the sample subjects were two classes in MAN Bandung Barat with total number of 72 students, 1 class as experiment class and one class class as control class. The results of research to improve learning ability by using reciprocal teaching and cognitive learning ability with student learning independence with reciprocal teaching approach. Keywords: reciprocal teaching approach, critical thinking, self regulated learning.

Efficacy of treatments with toltrazuril 7.5% and lasalocid sodium in sheep naturally infected with Eimeria spp.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an experimental formulation of toltrazuril 7.5% + Trimix™ on a naturally acquired infection of Eimeria spp. in suckling lambs kept on pasture and, in another trial, evaluate the comparative efficacy between lasalocid and toltrazuril 7.5% + Trimix™ in newly weaned sheep under feedlot conditions that had been naturally infected with Eimeria spp. In the first experiment, 30 suckling lambs were divided into two groups: A - treated with toltrazuril 7.5% + Trimix™ and B- control. In experiment 2, 30 weaned sheep were divided into three groups: I - treated with toltrazuril 7.5% + Trimix™, II - treated with lasalocid and III - control. Treatment group A showed an efficacy of 90, 99.4 and 87.3% on days 5, 10 and 20, respectively. Treatment group I had an efficacy of 98.2, 92.6 and 94.5%, while group II had an efficacy of 72.7, 81.6 and 95.9% on days 7, 21 and 42, respectively. Eight Eimeria species were identified; E. ovinoidalis was the most common. Treatment with the toltrazuril 7.5% +Trimix ™ formulation was effective against Eimeria spp. in suckling lambs in field conditions and lambs weaned in under feedlot conditions.