درجة تطبيق عناصر الهندسة البشرية (الأرجونوميكس) وعلاقتها بمستوى السعادة التنظيمية: دراسة حالة كلية فلسطين التقنية

ملخص: هدفت الدراسة التعرف إلى درجة تطبيق عناصر الهندسة البشرية (الأرجونوميكس) ومستوى السعادة التنظيمية في كلية فلسطين التقنية من وجهة نظر العاملين فيها، والكشف عما إذا كان هناك علاقة ارتباطية ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى الدلالة (0.05 ≥α ) بين درجة تطبيق عناصر الهندسة البشرية ومستوى السعادة التنظيمية، وتحديد أثر تطبيق عناصر الهندسة البشرية في مستوى السعادة التنظيمية في كلية فلسطين التقنية من وجهة نظر العاملين، وباستخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، والرجوع للأدبيات السابقة، تم بناء استبانة مكونة من (67) فقرة موزعة على (9) مجالات، هي: الأرجونوميكس البدني، والأرجونوميكس الذهني، والأرجونوميكس البيئي، والأرجونوميكس التنظيمي، والعمليات الإدارية، ومستوى الوضع المهني، ومستوى التواصل في مكان العمل، ومستوى التفاني، ومستوى الظروف الاقتصادية، وبعد التأكد من صدقها وثباتها، تم تطبيقها إلكترونياً على عينة عشوائية من (150) موظفاً وموظفة، وتم استرداد (131) استبانة صالحة بنسبة استرداد (87.3%). وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى أن درجة تطبيق عناصر الهندسة البشرية في الكلية كانت “متوسطة”، وبوزن نسبي (54.16%)، ومستوى السعادة التنظيمية كان “متوسطاً”، وبوزن نسبي (67.89%)، كذلك وجدت علاقة ارتباطية ذات دلالة إحصائية بين درجة تطبيق عناصر الهندسة البشرية ومستوى السعادة التنظيمية، كما وجد أثر ذو دلالة إحصائية بين درجة تطبيق عناصر الهندسة البشرية (الأرجونوميكس) وبين مستوى السعادة التنظيمية في الكلية. الكلمات المفتاحية: الهندسة البشرية، الأرجونوميكس، السعادة التنظيمية، الكليات التقنية. Abstract The study aimed to identifying the degree of applying the human engineering elements (ergonomics) and the organizational happiness at Palestine Technical College from the perspective of its staff, and at revealing whether there is a statistically significant correlation at significance level (α≥0.05) between the degree of applying the human engineering elements and the level of organizational happiness, and determining the effect of applying the human engineering elements on the level of organizational happiness at Palestine Technical College from the perspective of its staff, and by using the descriptive and analytical approach, and referring to the related literature, a questionnaire was build consisting of (67) items distributed on (9) fields: physical ergonomics, mental ergonomics, environmental ergonomics, organizational ergonomics, administrative processes, the level of professional status, the level of communication in the workplace, the level of dedication, the level of economic conditions, and after making sure of its validity and stability, it was administered electronically to a random sample of (150) male and female employees, yielding (131) valid questionnaires with an (87.3) percent recovery rate. The study found that the degree of applying of human engineering elements was “medium” with relative weight (54.16%) and the level of organizational happiness was also “medium” with relative weight (67.89%). In addition, a statistically significant correlation was found between the degree to which human engineering elements were applied and the level of organizational satisfaction, as well as a statistically significant effect between the degree of application of human engineering elements and the degree of availability of organizational happiness dimensions. Keywords:Human Engineering, Ergonomics, Organizational Happiness, Technical College.

Virtual Reality and Digital Human Modeling for the Physical Ergonomic Analysis in Product Development in Industry: A Systematic Review

The efficacy of the product development process is measured by the ability to launch a project with product and production process specifications that could guarantee that the manufacturing can produce it with the least impact. If a problem is detected late, they bring consequences beyond the high cost of the solution, if related to physical ergonomics, which will influence the well-being of operators, productivity, and quality. Virtual Reality (VR) and Digital Human Modeling (DHM) are ones of the enabling technologies of Industry 4.0 and has already been applied on a large scale in industries such as automotive, construction, and aeronautics. However, even though the huge applications, these technologies are not yet applied by these industries for the analysis of physical ergonomics during product development phases. This study aims to characterize the state of the art and technology about the application of Virtual Reality and Digital Human Modeling for the physical ergonomics analysis in the during product development phases in the industry through a systematic review of the literature and patents. In patent documents recovery, we used Derwent Innovation database. The research is based on searching the selected terms in the title, summary, and claims of the documents through a search strategy containing IPC code and keywords. In articles recovery, we searched ScienceDirect, Springer, and IEEExplore databases for scientific publications. The search resulted in 311 patents documents and 16 articles in the scientific database. This study analyzed the patents to map out the technological progress in this area, where we found in the charts and data an increasing number of publications per year and a spread application with a considerable number of new technologies presented in these recent patents. The literature review indicated that Virtual Reality technology complements the Digital Human Modeling during physical ergonomics analysis for manufacturing process already designed. The majority of research on the use of VR and DHM technologies for physical ergonomics analysis focus on the automotive industry and the ergonomic assessment of workstations and current processes. Further research is needed to investigate how Virtual Reality and Digital Human Modeling might assist in the understanding of physical ergonomics in certain tasks throughout the product development process, such as the simulation of worker posture or effort when assembling parts.

Physical Ergonomics in Peripheral Nerve Block

The understanding of ergonomics is a vital competency for all peripheral nerve block operators. The essence of physical ergonomics for peripheral nerve block procedures can be summarised into three significant components: brain, musculoskeletal and needling. The first component includes strategies to optimise visuospatial neuroprocessing using equipment configuration. The second component reflects the careful planning of posture and position to improve procedural technique and reduce physical fatigue. The final component focuses on strategies to achieve needle beam alignment for optimal needle visualisation.

Ergonomic Stressors Among Pregnant Healthcare Workers

Workplace environment can have a considerable impact on the physical, psychological and maternal health of pregnant healthcare workers. This article aimed to summarise the impact of work-related ergonomic stressors on pregnancy outcomes for healthcare workers, along with potential interventions to resolve these stressors. A narrative review analysis using the Pearl Growing Strategy was conducted between February 2019 and June 2020 to identify English-language articles published between 2000 and 2020. A total of 89 studies were identified from the SCOPUS (Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands), MEDLINE® (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA) databases and Google Scholar (Google LLC, Menlo Park, California, USA). The results indicated that poor work-related ergonomics had detrimental effects on pregnancy outcomes, resulting in spontaneous abortions, preterm delivery, low birth weight babies and infertility. Policymakers and employers should conduct ergonomic assessments and implement appropriate practices to ensure the safety of pregnant healthcare workers. Keywords: Healthcare Workers; Physical Ergonomics; Pregnancy Outcomes; Occupational Health; Occupational Exposure.

A Wearable Sensor System for Physical Ergonomics Interventions Using Haptic Feedback

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are a major concern globally affecting societies, companies, and individuals. To address this, a new sensor-based system is presented: the Smart Workwear System, aimed at facilitating preventive measures by supporting risk assessments, work design, and work technique training. The system has a module-based platform that enables flexibility of sensor-type utilization, depending on the specific application. A module of the Smart Workwear System that utilizes haptic feedback for work technique training is further presented and evaluated in simulated mail sorting on sixteen novice participants for its potential to reduce adverse arm movements and postures in repetitive manual handling. Upper-arm postures were recorded, using an inertial measurement unit (IMU), perceived pain/discomfort with the Borg CR10-scale, and user experience with a semi-structured interview. This study shows that the use of haptic feedback for work technique training has the potential to significantly reduce the time in adverse upper-arm postures after short periods of training. The haptic feedback was experienced positive and usable by the participants and was effective in supporting learning of how to improve postures and movements. It is concluded that this type of sensorized system, using haptic feedback training, is promising for the future, especially when organizations are introducing newly employed staff, when teaching ergonomics to employees in physically demanding jobs, and when performing ergonomics interventions.