DFT study on the gold(I)-catalyzed cycloaddition and rearrangement reactions of allene-containing allylic silyl ether

The DFT calculation of the B3LYP level was carried out to explore the reaction mechanism of the synthesis of spirocyclo[4, 5]decane skeleton by gold-catalyzed allenyl compounds. The more accurate energy under the CH3CN solvent in the experiment is calculated by the single point energy of the SMD model. Computational studies have shown that the reaction consists of three main steps: intramolecular cycloaddition of the end group carbon atoms of allenyl and vinyl groups, the semipinacol rearrangement process in which the four-membered ring is reconstructed into the five-membered ring, the elimination reaction releases the catalyst and obtains the product. The calculation results show that Zheng et al. reported that the gold-catalyzed synthesis reaction can easily occur under the experimental conditions due to its low activation free energy (12.42–16.79 kcal/mol). Furthermore, it was found that the MOMO(CH2)2 substituent has higher reactivity than the corresponding reactant of the phenyl substituent.

Yi Guan Jian, a Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine, Alleviates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury

Objective. To study the protective effect of Yi Guan Jian (YGJ) on liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in mice.Methods.50 ICR mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) group, CCl4+ silymarin Group (200 mg/kg), carbon CCl4+ YGJ Group (11.5, 23 g/kg). Except the mice in the control group and the CCl4 group that were given the same volume of distilled water, the mice in other groups were given the drugs for seven days. 2 hours after the last administration, except the mice in the control group, the mice in other groups had intraperitoneal injection of 0.1% CCl4vegetable oil solution (10 ml/kg). Mice in control group had intraperitoneal injection of the same volume of vegetable oil. After 18h, the blood and liver were collected. The liver of mice was stained with HE staining, the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminas (AST) in serum were detected, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin (IL-6, Il-1β), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in serum and liver were detected, and the Western blot was used to detect the levels of MAPK/NF-κB pathway.Results. YGJ significantly decreased the levels of ALT and AST. The contents of MDA, IL-6, Il-1β, and TNF-αin serum and liver were significantly decreased and the contents of SOD in serum and liver were significantly decreased by YGJ, which significantly improved the pathological changes of liver tissue in mice. The levels of MAPK/NF-κB pathway were significantly decreased by YGJ.Conclusion. YGJ has protective effect on CCl4induced liver injury in mice, which may be related to the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Study of phase behaviour and ionic effect of green surfactants in MEOR

The phase behaviour of surfactant systems is an important characteristic for microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) and is a key method for understanding and predicting the performance of surfactant systems. In addition, ions play a vital role in surfactant chemistry and the ionic effects of green surfactants are not yet well characterised. Green surfactants are biodegradable and environmental friendly and perceived to have great potential for MEOR. This study characterises some green anionic and non-ionic surfactants through phase behaviour study, interfacial tension (IFT) and core flooding experiments. At the same time, the combined effect of the surfactants with alcohols on IFT through laboratory experiments are looked into. Our laboratory experiments have confirmed that the non-ionic surfactant is more active in the reduction of IFT than anionic surfactant. Bio-surfactant is unable to form stable middle phase. Temperature and pressure appear to have little effect on the IFT of non-ionic surfactant. There is no significant reduction in IFT values when the non-ionic surfactant is combined with pentanol in varying concentrations. The role of alkyl group carbon number in non-ionic surfactant was also investigated in this study. It was found that the IFT value decreased by increasing the lower limit alkyl group carbon number.

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF TERPENOID COMPOUNDS FROM n-HEXANA EXTRACT OF PERMOT PLANT BRACTS (Passiflora foetida L)

Isolation and identification of terpenoids compounds from n-hexane extract of permot bracts plants (Passiflora foetida L.) has been done. Crude powder of the bracts permot plants were macerated with n-hexane. Fractionated of n-hexane extract on a vacuum liquid chromatography to afford three fractions (A, B and C). Purification of fraction B with TLC preparative to afford isolate B1 and B2.. A compound of spectra UV-Vis B1 indicating the presence of conjugation of double bond (C=C), furthermore the IR spectra showed vibration for - OH group, C=O of the ester group, C-O group, and methyl group (-CH3) in position gem dimethyl. 1H-NMR spectra showed the signal from methoxy group (OCH3), olefin protons (-CH=CH-), protons in carbon to the oxygenation (C-OH), two units gem dimethyl, and three methyl group (-CH3). 13C-NMR spectra showed thesignal from carbon aliphatic group, carbon carbonil (C=O) of the ester group, double bond carbon (C=C), and carbon to the oxygenation (C-OCH3 and C-OH)). Based on the analysis of UV-Vis, IR, 1H-NMR, and 1H-NMR spectrocopies data, isolate B1 is suggested from terpenoids type triterpenoids pentacyclic that conjugation of double bond and ester group.Keywords: Terpenoids, triterpenoids pentacyclic, permot (Passiflora foetida L.), and n-hexane extract.

The Comparative Culpability of SAI and Ordinary Carbon Emissions

In his article “Carbon Emissions, Stratospheric Aerosol Injection, and Unintended Harms,” Christopher J. Preston compares the culpability of carbon emitters versus that of geoengineers deploying stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI). This comparison relies on a parallel between carbon emitters and SAI deployers that requires both to be agents. However, both are not. While the harms of geoengineering will be caused by culpable agents acting intentionally, the harms connected to climate change emerge out of the uncoordinated actions of billions of people. Taken as a large group, carbon emitters cause harm but do not constitute an agent. Taken individually, carbon emitters are agents but do not cause the harms of climate change. As a result, the parallel collapses, and Preston's “surprising” conclusion is one that he is not entitled to reach.

Platinum Complexes with Edda (Ethylenediamine -N, N - Diacetate) Ligands as Potential Anticancer Agents

The design of platinum based drugs is not a new field of interest. Platinum complexes are widely used as anticancer agents and currently, approximately 30 platinum(II) and platinum(IV) entered into some of the phases of clinical trials. A special place in today’s research belongs to platinum complexes with diammine ligands. A large number of edda (ethylenediamine- N, N’-diacetate)-type ligands and their corresponding metal complexes has been successfully synthesized. This article summarizes recent progress in research on edda-type-platinum complexes. Some of these agents achieves better effect compared to the gold standard (cisplatin). It has been shown that there is a possible relationship between the length of the ligand ester group carbon chain and its cytotoxic effect. In most cases the longer the ester chain is the greater is the antitumor activity. Of particular interest are the noticeable effects of some new platinum compound with edda-type ligand on cell lines that are known to have a high level of cisplatin-resistance. Exanimate complexes appear to have a different mode of mechanism of action compared with cisplatin which includes apoptotic and necrotic cell death. There are indications that further investigations of these compounds may be very useful in overcoming the problems associated global cancer statistic.