Environmental Factors Assisted the Evaluation of Entropy Water Quality Indices With Efficient Machine Learning Technique

Water is an indispensable resource for human production and life. The evaluation of water quality by scientific method that provides sufficient support for the regeneration and recycling utilization of water resources. At present, water quality is mainly evaluated by water quality index (WQI) with weighted entropy value, which comprehensively considers the influence of different relevant environmental factors on the water quality. The calculation process is very complicated and time-consuming. In this paper, the method of correlation analysis is used to select the best combination of relevant environmental factors to assist the prediction model. Two typical kinds of machine learning methods are adopted and compared to realize the prediction of entropy water quality index (EWQI). After the better framework of prediction model is selected, four different kinds of optimization algorithms are used to optimize the prediction model to realize non-linear regression prediction and classification of water quality. According to the results of evaluation indicators, the framework of SVM is more suitable for realizing the prediction of EWQI. Meanwhile, the optimization algorithm of DE-GWO show great potential to improve the performance of SVM, which can make further contribution to the rational use and protection of water resources.

MATHEMATICAL AND STATISTICAL STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF FINE SOLID POLLUTANTS ON HUMAN HEALTH

The article discusses the issues of studying the effect of fine dust on human health using mathematical and statistical modeling. The initial data were statistical data on the volume of emissions of suspended particulate matter into the atmosphere and registered cases of diseases of the circulatory system among the population of Ukraine in 2012–2019. To assess the relationship between several factor signs was used method of correlation-regression analysis. The high connection between the actual statistical data and the data of the model calculation indicates the presence a very strong dependence the incidence of the circulatory system of the population on the emissions of fine dust. The obtained results of the study testify to the confirmation of the risk to the health and life of the population. The coefficients of determination make it possible to assert that the emissions of fine dust are one of the main reasons for the development of diseases of the circulatory system in humans. Among the types of dust that enters the atmospheric air from anthropogenic sources of emissions, the most dangerous type of dust for humans is dust containing solid particles ranging in size from 2.5 to 10 microns.

The use of computer techniques to optimize the diagnosis of tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients at the secondary diseases stage

Вackground: The course of tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients has no significant clinical and diagnostic differences from damage to organs and systems of other etiology. The growth of new cases of HIV / TB co-infection necessitates a revision of diagnostic approaches, their improvement in order to increase the efficiency of examination and management of HIV-infected patients, depending on the stage and indicators of the immune status. The aim of the study was to determine by the method of complex statistical processing the main clinical and laboratory-instrumental criteria for improving the diagnosis of tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients at the stage of secondary diseases. Methods: The study design was retrospective. The object of the research was the case histories of 113 patients with HIV infection at the stage of secondary diseases (classification by V.I. Methods of parametric and nonparametric statistics, computer analysis of images with the gradient program proposed by Dr. Sci. A.N. Gerasimov, to assess the possibility of using micro- and macro-preparations of tissues and organs of patients with HIV infection. Results: Using the method of correlation adaptometry, it was found that there are no significant differences in the clinical course of HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis of various localization, and with lesions of the respiratory organs of other etiology. The use of multivariate probability models made it possible to identify significant diagnostic risk factors for lethal outcome - 66.7% of patients with further lethal outcome complained of chest pain during breathing (p = 0.004), and ESR was significantly accelerated in patients with a lethal outcome in the hospital 77 1.99 (p = 0.019). Conclusion: The multicomplex instrumental and laboratory examination makes it possible to diagnose tuberculosis of various localization at the initial stage of development. The use of computer techniques optimizes and unifies the diagnostic search in patients with HIV infection and determines the timely treatment tactics

Functional Aspects of Interlingual Borrowings: Current Challenges

A particular status of the English language as the language of international communication and connections between the nearly related English and German languages resulted in the emergence of many interlingual borrowings in the Modern English and German language vocabularies. The paper aims to consider the functioning of borrowings (loanwords) in the English and German languages. To reach the aim of the research and to carry out the tasks assigned, the following methods were used: a descriptive method, the method of correlation, componential analysis and, comparative semantic analysis. The paper focuses on linguistic and extralinguistic factors of the German and English interaction. Special attention is paid to clarifying the notion of borrowing in modern linguistic science. The word-formative calques and half-calques (hybrids), which differ from ordinary lexical borrowings by using partially borrowed lexical material, are identified in addition to direct lexical borrowings in the language subsystem under study. The paper demonstrates the significant influence of English borrowings on the structural-semantic qualities of German words, on various semantic changes, as well as on the participation of loanwords in the lexico-semantic variation: synonymy, polysemy, homonymy, and antonymy. The results of the research can also be used in the teaching and learning of both languages, in the course of lexicology or linguistics.

Christian Theology and the Capabilities Approach: Constructing a Method for Engagement

This article focuses attention on the capabilities approach, an increasingly influential approach to human development. The case is made that, in light of its popularity, a Christian public theological engagement with this approach is needed. The various attempts that have been made up until now to engage the capabilities approach from the perspective of Christian theology have been lacking in methodological awareness and clarity. On account of this weakness an explicit methodological framework is developed through a revised form of the method of correlation. For that purpose, the work of Paul Tillich, David Tracy and Dan Browning is put to use. What this revised method leads to in practice is examined through a dialogue with Martha Nussbaum (one of the main proponents of the capabilities approach) and Dietrich Bonhoeffer.

Water Regime and Flow Trends of Sitnica River

River Sitnica is one of the large rivers of Kosovo, which makes problems through its river basin, such as frequent floods and pollution. Especially if we add impact of climate change, then problems get worse. Among all, there is a lack of continuous hydrometrical observation. Those existing data are not complete, and not so confident. So, before any estimation of water regime, flow trends and identification of climate change, there is first to analyze flow data, to complete them with the known statistical methods. In this case, this problem has been solved by method of correlation with neighbourhood well-observed data. Just after data validation, there has been analyzed and shown its water regime, estimated flow trend, and is given correlation of temperatures, precipitations and flows for main gauging station. Correlation of these basic parameters has been extended for 21 years, where can be seen strong increasement of precipitation, certain increasement of temperatures and flows, as well as strong extremization of these parameters. At the end is given impact of convection rainfall, due to intensiv urbanization. These results should alarm competent authorities, on preventive action, to soft consequences, in next two decades.

Functional Aspects of Interlingual Borrowings: Current Challenges

A particular status of the English language as the language of international communication and connections between the nearly related English and German languages resulted in the emergence of many interlingual borrowings in the Modern English and German language vocabularies. The paper aims to consider the functioning of borrowings (loanwords) in the English and German languages. To reach the aim of the research and to carry out the tasks assigned, the following methods were used: a descriptive method, the method of correlation, componential analysis and, comparative semantic analysis. The paper focuses on linguistic and extralinguistic factors of the German and English interaction. Special attention is paid to clarifying the notion of borrowing in modern linguistic science. The word-formative calques and half-calques (hybrids), which differ from ordinary lexical borrowings by using partially borrowed lexical material, are identified in addition to direct lexical borrowings in the language subsystem under study. The paper demonstrates the significant influence of English borrowings on the structural-semantic qualities of German words, on various semantic changes, as well as on the participation of loanwords in the lexico-semantic variation: synonymy, polysemy, homonymy, and antonymy. The results of the research can also be used in the teaching and learning of both languages, in the course of lexicology or linguistics.

Satisfaction and Its Relationship with Loyalty in Ecotourism: A Study in Costa Rica

Within ecotourism, the service can be improved with proper planning, achieving greater satisfaction and return of tourists, benefiting the destination and the community with higher income and employment. The objectives of this study were a) to analyze the relationships between tourists’ general satisfaction and loyalty, and b) to analyze the influence that the service aspects exert on the satisfaction and return of tourists. The study was conducted in Costa Rica, a Central American country with great ecological wealth for ecotourism. Three hundred ten questionnaires were filled out in the Arenal National Park and the Caño Negro National Wildlife Refuge. Spearman's statistical method of correlation was used for data analysis. As main results, the aspects of the service had a significant and positive influence on the satisfaction and return intentions of tourists. The aspects that most influenced general satisfaction were accessibility and infrastructure, tranquility, gastronomic quality, and the human treatment received. While the aspects that most influenced the return intentions were the tourist information and signage, the gastronomic quality, the accessibility of the infrastructure, and the equipment and facilities of the restaurant. The findings will serve to develop sustainable plans in protected areas and to improve service in ecotourism.

Frequency and distribution of the units of general scientific (academic) lexicon as the markers of disciplinary affiliation of a discourse

This article is dedicated to a corpus-based research of functionality of the units of general scientific (academic) lexicon in various types of disciplinary discourse, the purpose of which lies in verification of a hypothesis on a special function of the academic lexicon to indicate disciplinary affiliation of the scientific text. In the era of increasing mathematization and digitalization of scientific knowledge, corpus linguistics becomes a paramount instrument of empirical research aimed at acquisition of knowledge on the language through quantitative and qualitative analysis of compilations of texts, the scope and subject of which can be set in accordance with the specific objectives of the scholar. Special role in corpus-based research is assigned to the methods of statistical analysis for effective processing of the obtained quantitative data on linguistic realias, thereby considering linguistic research equivalent to the research of exact and natural sciences by degree of verification. The article describes the fragment of comprehensive research on functionality of the general scientific lexicon, which using the statistical method of correlation analysis on the example of more than 100 general scientific words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs) established correlation between frequency and distribution of the units of general scientific lexicon and the type of disciplinary discourse. The scientific novelty lies in the holistic approach towards analyzing the characteristic features of distribution of the frequency of general scientific lexical units in 8 types of disciplinary discourse, as well as in in application of the methods of descriptive and mathematical statistics that demonstrate that academic lexicon same as terminological lexicon may serve as marker of disciplinary affiliation of the discourse.