Dosage of Lipid Emulsions as an Antidote to Lipid-Soluble Substances

Introduction: Lipid emulsions are increasingly used as an antidote to lipophilic drug intoxications. The dose recommended by the American Society of Regional Anesthesia is used primarily for the treatment of local anesthetic systemic toxicity. There is insufficient information about what the dose of lipid emulsions (LE) should be in other intoxications depending on their severity. Aim: To determine the LE dose in a shock or haemodynamic instability in patients with acute exogenous intoxications treated with LE. Materials and methods: Forty-nine patients with acute lipophilic drug intoxications were treated with LE in the Clinic of Toxicology at the Naval Hospital in Varna. Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical functions of Excel 2016 and the Statistica 7.0 software package. Results: The percentage of patients receiving a low dose of LE of 0.3 ml/kg (93.87%) was significantly higher than the percentage of patients treated with a medium (2.04%) and a high dose (4.08%) of LF. The high dose of LE of 1.5 ml/kg recommended by the American Society of Regional Anesthesia was administered to two patients (4.08%). In severe intoxications with exotoxic shock, the rate of LE administration varies from 20 ml/h to 40 ml/h. Conclusions: In severe intoxications with cardiotoxic syndrome and haemodynamic instability, LE should be used in the dose as suggested by the American Society of Regional Anesthesia. It is possible to use lower doses of LE in the range of 0.3–0.6 ml/kg in all moderate poisonings administered by continuous intravenous infusion for 12-24-48 hours. No side effects were observed at these doses.

Formation of Administrative Statistics Bodies in Russian Empire: Statistical Department of Ministry of Police (1811—1819)

The article is devoted to the history of creation and the first years of activity of the Ministry of Police Statistical Division in the context of the departmental scientists of Russian subdivisions activities. Based on a wide range of published and archival materials, the author examines the prerequisites for the organization of the institution, the legal framework that governed its work at an early stage, examines the evolution of the structure and staffing. It is noted that the idea of concentrating statistical functions in one department appeared in Russia at the beginning of the 18th century and acquired particular relevance during the reign of Alexander I. Analyzing the clerical documentation, the author corrects the date of creation of the department, established in historiography, and notes the peculiarities of its position within the Ministry of Police. It is concluded that the creation of the Statistical Office was in the nature of an administrative experiment, funding for its activities at an early stage was carried out from third-party sources, and employees were not part of the staff of the ministry. It was noted that the effectiveness of the department's work directly depended on the personal interest of the leaders — the Minister of Police A.D. Balashev and Professor K.F. Herman. They managed to prepare the basis for further improvements in the work of the department.

Modeling in R

The chapter “Modeling in R” covers the basic interface of R and R Studio, types of objects, core programming language tools, common and useful commands, and creating functions. This chapter is not a substitute for a dedicated book or training program on R; rather, it gives the basics needed to get the reader started. It starts off with an overview of the basics of coding in R and provides some of the statistical functions that might be used in modeling. Next, it discusses basic plotting, data input and output, and the concept of looping. It then works though a logistic population growth model to see how a dynamic model might be implemented in R. The chapter concludes with an explanation of how to create functions in R.

Integration method of non-elementary exponential functions using iterated Fubinni integrals

The present work presents a new method of integration of non-elementary exponential functions where Fubinni's iterated integrals were used. In this research, some approximations were used in order to generalize the results obtained through mathematical series, in addition to integration methods and double integrals. In addition to the integration methods, the Taylor series was used, where the value found and compatible with the values ​​of the power series that are used to calculate the value of the exponential function demonstrated in the work was verified. In addition to the methods described, a comparison of the values ​​obtained by the series and the values ​​described in the method was improvised, where it was noticed that the higher the value of the variable, the closer the results show a stability for the variable greater than the value 4, described in table 01. The conclusions point to a great improvement, mainly for solving elliptic differential equations and statistical functions.

Spreadsheets as a tool for statistical calculations: suggestions for a sounder approach (Preprint)

UNSTRUCTURED In many workplaces, tables, bar charts and run charts abound. The tools used are mostly common spreadsheet systems such as Microsoft Excel. These systems are used for different kinds of tasks. They are flexible and powerful, but there are also drawbacks. Many of these lie on a general level and result mostly in waste of time and resources, but other issues can definitely result in severe errors. There are still valid reasons to use spreadsheets for statistical purposes: licenses are available at low costs and some statistical functions are present. Despite their shortcomings, spreadsheets will not be replaced in any foreseeable future. They are used both for administrative and "analytical" purposes. In research, spreadsheets are also commonly used to share data. The goal is to point at some simple routines in common spreadsheets which still are not that commonly known, specifically those called pivot tables in Microsoft Excel. Better spreadsheet skills and knowledge of how to set up pivot tables could make it possible for both experienced analysts and staff with less statistical training to make everyday basic calculations with little effort and without specialized software. Moreover, since these routines require data to be set up in way in line with how data must be organized in statistical software, future use of such systems software is simplified. Furthermore, the necessary training can be achieved with limited resources. So _everyone_ should have pivot tables as part of their everyday skills.

On Similarity Measures for Stochastic and Statistical Modeling

In this work, our goal is to present and discuss similarity techniques for ordered observations between time series and non-time dependent data. The purpose of the study was to measure whether ordered observations of data sets are displayed at or close to, the same time points for the case of time series and with the same or similar frequencies for the case of non-time dependent data sets. A simultaneous time pairing and comparison can be achieved effectively via indices, advanced indices and the associated index matrices based on statistical functions of ordered observations. Hence, in this work we review some previously defined standard indices and propose new advanced dimensionless indices and the associated index matrices which are both easily interpreted and provide efficient comparison of the series involved. Furthermore, the proposed methodology allows the analysis of data with different units of measurement as the indices presented are dimensionless. The applicability of the proposed methodology is explored through an epidemiological data set on influenza-like-illness (ILI). We finally provide a thorough discussion on all parameters involved in the proposed indices for practical purposes along with examples.