scholarly journals Formation of Administrative Statistics Bodies in Russian Empire: Statistical Department of Ministry of Police (1811—1819)

2021 ◽  
pp. 461-478
Author(s):  
A. Yu Skrydlov
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Personal Interest ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Statistical Functions

The article is devoted to the history of creation and the first years of activity of the Ministry of Police Statistical Division in the context of the departmental scientists of Russian subdivisions activities. Based on a wide range of published and archival materials, the author examines the prerequisites for the organization of the institution, the legal framework that governed its work at an early stage, examines the evolution of the structure and staffing. It is noted that the idea of concentrating statistical functions in one department appeared in Russia at the beginning of the 18th century and acquired particular relevance during the reign of Alexander I. Analyzing the clerical documentation, the author corrects the date of creation of the department, established in historiography, and notes the peculiarities of its position within the Ministry of Police. It is concluded that the creation of the Statistical Office was in the nature of an administrative experiment, funding for its activities at an early stage was carried out from third-party sources, and employees were not part of the staff of the ministry. It was noted that the effectiveness of the department's work directly depended on the personal interest of the leaders — the Minister of Police A.D. Balashev and Professor K.F. Herman. They managed to prepare the basis for further improvements in the work of the department.

scholarly journals Military schools for training officers and non-commissioned officers created and operated in Russia in the late 18th century

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Benda
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Military Schools ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Material ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Military

Which are of considerable interest or the 18th century history of the creation and development of the Russian system of military schools of the Russian Empire conducting courses for military personnel for land and special forces of the Russian army, are the schools that were created in the last quarter of the 18th century. The author traces the history of the creation and development of Shklow noble school and the Orphanage, later renamed the Imperial Military orphanage. The author comes to the conclusion that Shklow noble school was a multinational and multi-confessional educational institution. The establishment of the Military orphanage was one of the means for the formation of the newly formed estate of soldiers' children. The article summarises the new material on the topic under study, previously unpublished sources and literature are introduced into scientific circulation.

The ministry of Saint Theophan (Govorov) on the Tambov Land: Tambov diocese in 1859–1863

Neophilology ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 413-418
Author(s):  
Theodosius Vasnev
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Spiritual Life ◽  
Theological Seminary ◽  
Spiritual Education ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Church Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
Monastic Communities ◽  
The Russian Empire

Tambov Governorate in the Russian Empire until the beginning of the XX century was the largest region of the country. The borders of the Tambov diocese and the Tambov Governorate coincided with the end of the 18th century. There were 16 monasteries and monastic communities. Bishop Theophan paid special attention to the development of spiritual life in the Tambov Governorate. He fed seminars and schools for girls (the diocesan women's school). Saint Theophan founded the first periodical journal in the diocese, the Tambov Eparchial Journal. For a short period of stay in Tambov, he proved himself to be an active organizer of various areas of church life, including missionary and educational significance. Bishop Theophan was keenly interested in all questions that were connected with the activities of the clergy, their behavior and relations among themselves. The Saint always showed love and compassion for his flock, and especially in the days of severe trials. Bishop Theophan left a bright mark in the history of the Tambov diocese as a trustee of the theological seminary and diocesan schools, the founder of temples and the organizer of decency in the cloisters, a writer and a teacher of morality, caring for the spiritual education, education and perfection of the inhabitants of the Tambov territory.

Dent Management Program

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie McCoy ◽  
Scott Ironside
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Engineering Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Project Lead

Enbridge Pipelines Inc. owns and operates the world’s longest hydrocarbon transmission system, which traverses across the varying geophysical landforms of Canada and the United States. These pipelines range in diameter from 12” to 48” and were constructed between 1950 and 2003. The wide range of pipe sizes, practices used for construction, and landforms traversed result in a very challenging Dent Management Program. Standards such as CSA Z662-99, ASME B31.4, and B31.8 provide a criterion for the selection of dents that require repair. Experience has shown that these standards do not identify all dents that have a possibility of failure due to leak or rupture. Enbridge initiated a project to study dents with BMT Fleet Technology of Kanata Ontario, this study determined that the dent geometry in addition to the depth to pipe diameter ratio affects the propensity that a dent will fail. Recent research and development by a group sponsored project lead by BMT Fleet technology on dent characterization has combined the pipeline’s cyclic pressure history with the shape of the dent to predict a time to failure. Enbridge combines these tools along with new insights from field excavations into its Dent Management Program. The Dent Management Program includes a series of prioritization’s to determine which sections of pipelines require detailed dent analysis. Typical prioritization criteria are rocky terrain, larger occurrence of third party damage, and history of numerous dents or failures. The detailed analysis utilizes the BMT Fleet “Dent Characterization Criteria” which was developed using their Finite Element Dent Assessment Model. This model considers the geometry of the dent, pipe material properties and historical pressure data to predict a time to failure for each dent. This time to failure prediction requires some additional engineering analysis depending on how close the parameters of the actual pipe are to what was validated with the model. This engineering analysis will determine which dents are selected for excavation and examination. This model has provided Enbridge with a tool to better manage its dent program, and this will be proposed as an option to improve the existing standards.

Victims' Rights Overview under the ICC Legal Framework: A Jurisprudential Analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 531-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gioia Greco
Keyword(s):  
Rome Statute ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Second World War ◽  
International Level ◽  
World War ◽  
Victim Status ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Compensation Claims ◽  
Second World

AbstractVictims' role in trials gained greater relevance over the span of the history of domestic legal systems. Even so, it was only after the Second World War that compensation claims enhanced the crescendo of victims' rights recognized at international level. The ICC legal framework stands out as a glaring achievement in the international field. In fact, the Rome Statute grants to victims a wide range of rights starting from the pretrial stage throughout the trial. The protection and involvement of victims in trials reflects not only procedural fairness but also takes into consideration victims' needs and claims for justice. Beginning from a teleological approach, this paper illustrates the victims' rights under the Rome Statute. Particularly, it analyzes the Court's jurisprudential interpretation of the underpinning criteria for victim status and the rights of participation and to justice as illustrated in the Lubanga case.

scholarly journals IMPERIAL AND SOVIET DIMENSIONS OF THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ISSUE IN O. LOTOTSKY’S JOURNALISM

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-59
Author(s):  
Galina Mykhailenko
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Independent State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
National Issue

This paper aims at studying O. Lototsky’s journalistic works during the revolutions of 1905-1907, 1917-1921 and the emigration of 1920-1930. The main focus is on the analysis of the position of Ukrainian lands in the imperial era and the Soviet period, as well as the vision of key problems and political prospects proposed in the articles of O. Lototsky. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity. Both general scientific and special-historical methods are used in the study, namely: historical and comparative, problematic, research tools of the history of ideas (intellectual history) and biographistics. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by its focus on the analysis of the content of Lototsky’s journalistic works in the context of opportunities to solve the Ukrainian national issue in the conditions of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. Conclusions. O. Lototsky’s creative legacy contains a significant amount of journalistic material. Their topics are diverse: from reviews of the economic situation of Ukrainian lands to the analysis of the state of educational institutions in the Russian Empire and the problems of the clergy. Considerable attention in these materials is devoted to the Ukrainian national issue. Due to O. Lototsky’s active social activity from 1906 to 1917, the topics of his essays frequently intertwined with the problems in which he was directly involved (for example, the status of the Ukrainian language and the abolition of bans on its use). The position of the Ukrainian lands as part of the Russian Empire and other states in the specified period was of his particular concern. During the emigrant era, the publicist continued to express his vision of the situation of Ukrainian territories within the USSR. The leading idea expressed in most of O. Lototsky’s materials of that period was that the state policy of both the Russian Empire and the USSR did not provide for the creation of an independent Ukrainian state, let alone support for Ukrainian culture. Given the historical experiences of the Ukrainian lands, O. Lototsky in the 1920s and 1930s was an active supporter of the creation of an independent state. O. Lototsky’s diverse creative legacy, his active social and political activities leave many more aspects for further elaboration, analysis, and determination of the significance of his heritage in the intellectual history of Ukraine and the Ukrainian movement.

scholarly journals Organization of Medical Care for Prisoners of Tobolsk Prison Castle: End of XVIII — First Half of XIX Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 327-343
Author(s):  
N. I. Zagorodnyuk
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Material Base ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Private Charity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
First Time

The article examines the initial period of the formation of penitentiary medicine on the example of the prison hospital of the Tobolsk prison castle (ostrog). The article is the first work on the history of penitentiary medicine in the Tobolsk province. The study was based on a wide range of sources, the most significant are documents from central and regional archives, introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. In the first half of the XIX century. The legal framework of penitentiary medicine is being formed, the execution of legislative and subordinate acts can be traced in the activities of the prison administration, its interaction with the West Siberian Governor-General, civil governors, and state institutions. Attention is drawn to the peculiarities of the organization of medical care for prisoners. The development of the hospital’s material base depended not only on the amount of state funds allocated, but to a greater extent on the contributions of the charitable foundation of the provincial prison trust committee, as well as private charity. The management of the hospital was carried out by doctors of the civil medical service, only in 1854, by the decision of the Governing Senate, the position of a doctor was introduced into the prison staff. The causes of morbidity and mortality of prisoners are analyzed, the sacrificial feat of prison doctors during the cholera epidemic of 1848 is noted.

scholarly journals Католический врач для калмыцкого хана: к характеристике вероисповедной политики на южных окраинах Российской империи (начало 60-х гг. XVIII в.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-259
Author(s):  
Andrey S. Ryazhev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
The North ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Times ◽  
Specific Interests

Introduction. The article concentrates on the religious policy of the Russian Empire in the Early Modern Time. For the first time in historiography, a study was carried out concerning the activities of Catholic missionaries in relation to the Kalmyk Khanate, the attempts of the Capuchin Order to establish contacts with the Kalmyk Khan Donduk-Dashi. Materials and methods. The study is based on mostly unpublished materials from the political and diplomatic correspondence of the Collegium of Foreign Affairs and the legislation of the first half of the 1760s, characterizing the methods and territorial scope of the missionaries activity, in particular, their penetration into the Kalmyk steppe. The methodology of the study has been determined by the structural and functional approach to the system of state bodies of Russia. In combination with this approach, a historical-genetic method was used, which is optimal for the study of changes in the power system of the Russian Empire from the beginning of the 18th century through the first half of the 1760s. Results. The section demonstrates the reasons for the aspiration of the Capuchin Order to the North Caucasus and the place of the Kalmyk Khanate in missionary plans, describes the standard epoch-specific missionary techniques for influencing the non-Catholic population. It has been determined that the Capuchins, relying on the support of Austrian diplomacy, bypassed the formal restrictions on missionary activity in the studied region, which could not but cause religious friction. The activity of Russian institutions to resolve differences of this kind is traced, the difficulties encountered by the authorities in the capital and especially at the local level in connection with the need for an appropriate settlement are shown. At the same time, it is emphasized that the specific interests of secular and spiritual bodies in such cases did not coincide, which had a long-standing and stable character in the south. The dynamics of the attitude of the Russian authorities towards missionaries in the Russian south is outlined. If under the conditions of the “Austrian system” — orientation towards the Austrian court, which had been in Russian diplomacy since the times of Peter the Great and under Empress Elizaveta Petrovna, their position was favorable, then after the accession of Catherine II and the crisis in Russian-Austrian relations, the possibilities of missionaries in the North Caucasus and the Kalmyk steppes were significantly limited. The author states that in the process of settling religious tensions, the Russian authorities in the early 1760s faced a weak legal framework both in relation to non-Orthodox religions and in general. The solution to the problem was outlined with the accession of Catherine II and in connection with the empress’s policy in the spheres of religion and law.

scholarly journals Ethnological aspects of the history of the legislation of the Russian Empire regarding Jews (1762–1818)

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Irina Shikhova ◽  
◽  
Iulii Palihovici ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Short Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
State Taxes ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Right

The article for the first time in Romanian examines the Jewish ethnological aspect of the history of law in the Russian Empire. The authors, using specific primary material of legislative acts, as well as other historical sources, investigate the history of the appearance of Jews within the borders of the Russian Empire, the history of the creation and functioning of the Jewish Pale of Settlement and the evolution of the official attitude towards them. The authors reveal three fundamental positions on which the entire policy of the Russian Empire regarding the Jews was built: Jews within the Russian Empire have the right to settle only in certain regions; they are attached to the kahals (later – Jewish societies), which are collectively responsible to the state; taxes from Jews are higher than from other citizens of the empire, regardless of their economic status. The particular study is devoted to the short period of liberalization in the first years of the reign of Alexander I, whose "Polojenie o evreiah" at the declarative level gave Jews almost equal rights with the rest of the citizens of the Empire and encouraged them to cultural and economic integration.. The research focuses as well on the regional aspect: history, population, territories of the modern Republic of Moldova and Romania. The chronological framework of this article is from the beginning of the reign of Catherine the Great (1762) to the creation of the Bessarabian region (1818). In the future the study will continue historically, until the collapse of the Russian Empire and the abolition of the Pale of Settlement

Liberal clergy organisations during the 1905-1907 revolution

2019 ◽  
pp. 187-202
Author(s):  
Павел Евгеньевич Липовецкий
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
The Press ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
History Of Formation

Статья посвящена истории становления организаций либерального духовенства в годы Первой русской революции (1905-1907) Политический кризис, начавшийся в Российской империи в 1905 г., поставил духовенство Православной Церкви перед необходимостью определить свою позицию по ряду общественных вопросов. Значительная часть клириков высказала симпатии либеральному направлению в политике. Наиболее крупные организации либерального духовенства сложились в Санкт-Петербурге и Москве. Сменившая несколько названий, столичная организация, выросшая из группы 32-х пастырей, в определённой степени пользовались поддержкой правящего архиерея - митр. Антония (Вадковского). Клирики имели возможность высказываться на собраниях и со страниц периодической печати. В свою очередь представители московского духовенства объединились на базе «Общества любителей духовного просвещения». Однако вскоре члены Общества вступили в конфликт с митр. Владимиром (Богоявленским), что заставило их искать поддержки у партии «Союз 17 октября». Это привело к созданию независимой от церковного начальства организации, получившей название «Вероисповедная комиссия при Союзе 17 октября». В программном отношении организации либерального духовенства схожи между собой. Первоначальной темой обсуждения в них были вопросы церковного преобразования, но позднее общественные темы приобрели больший вес. В провинции на данный момент объединений либерального духовенства выявить не удалось. Тем не менее прослеживается деятельность отдельных клириков. The article is devoted to the history of formation of liberal clergy organizations in the years of the First Russian revolution (1905-1907) The political crisis which began in the Russian Empire in 1905 made the Orthodox clergy to define their position on a number of social questions. A large proportion of the clergy expressed sympathy for the liberal trend in politics. The largest organisations of liberal clergy emerged in St Petersburg and Moscow. The organisation in the capital, which had grown out of a group of 32 pastors, had the support of the ruling bishop, Metropolitan Anthony (Vadkovsky), to a certain extent. The clerics were able to speak out at meetings and in the press. Representatives of the Moscow clergy in their turn united on the basis of the 'Society of Lovers of Spiritual Enlightenment'. However, members of the Society soon came into conflict with Metropolitan Vladimir (Bogoyavlensky), which compelled them to seek support from the October 17th Union party. This led to the creation of an organization independent of church authorities called the Faith-Based Commission under the October 17th Union. In programmatic terms, the liberal clergy organizations were similar. Their initial topic of discussion was ecclesiastical conversion, but later social topics acquired greater weight. No liberal clergy associations could be traced in the provinces at present. Nevertheless, the activities of individual clerics can be traced.

Social Contracts: The Formation of Political Sovereignty

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Mark G. Brett
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Charismatic Leader ◽  
Kinship Networks ◽  
Social Contracts ◽  
Political Sovereignty ◽  
Ancient Israel ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Books Of Samuel ◽  
Divine Law

The creation of political sovereignty in ancient Israel arose through alliances of kinship networks under a king, and this was facilitated by tribal elders and by a single charismatic leader, Samuel. The chapter shows how the elders of Israel prevailed in their argument for a king “like all the nations” by entering into social contracts between kinship groups, rather than by invoking a preexisting divine law that provides for the possibility of monarchy. The subsequent history of kingship eventually gave rise to a utopian law that provides for a strangely modern-looking constitutional monarch (Deut 17:14–20), but there is no evidence in the books of Samuel that the legal framework of Deuteronomy helped to shape the origins of political sovereignty in ancient Israel and Judah.

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