Preemptive Ketorolac is as Effective as Oxycodone Decreasing Plasma Cortisol Levels in Patients Undergoing Spinal Anesthesia

Introduction: Post-surgical pain is a complex problem, if not treated properly it can have multisystem negative effects. Hormone cortisol can be increased in stressful situations. A study on the effectiveness of ketorolac and another opioid on cortisol levels has been shown. However, a study about the effect of oxycodone on cortisol levels and its comparison with Ketorolac has never been done before. This study aimed to compare the effect of preemptive administration of 30 mg ketorolac and 5 mg oxycodone on plasma cortisol levels in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia. Methods: A double-blind randomized clinical trial was carried out between October and December 2020 in the central operating room of dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Surgical patients according to the inclusion criteria who received spinal anesthesia were randomly given 5 mg oxycodone and 30 mg ketorolac intravenously shortly after spinal anesthesia. Cortisol levels were measured before and after the intervention. Data analysis using SPSS ver. 20 Windows with a 95% confidence interval. Result: In total, 56 subjects were included. 29 samples in the ketorolac group and 27 samples in the oxycodone group. There were no significant differences in age, sex, nutritional status, blood sugar, and VAS score. There was no significant difference in the mean of cortisol levels before the intervention in the ketorolac group 12.9421 + 6.096 m/dL and the oxycodone group 14.033 + 4.315 m/dL (p = 0.446). The mean value of cortisol levels after intervention in the ketorolac group was 12.979 + 6.280 m/dL and oxycodone 15.353 + 11.704 m/dL, there was no significant difference in changes in cortisol before and after intervention in the Ketorolac group (p = 0.692) and Oxycodone (p = 0.552). The comparison level of cortisol changes between the two groups was not significantly different (p = 0.267). Conclusion: There was no difference in the comparison of the effect of preemptive administration of 30 mg IV ketorolac and 5 mg IV oxycodone on plasma cortisol levels in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia.

Comparative Effect of Grated Coconut (Cocos nucifera, L.) on the Characteristics of Ladu Cake

Ladu cake is a traditional cake originating from the Pariaman area which has a savory and crunchy taste and a unique shape. This study aims to determine the effect of the ratio of dry grated coconut on the characteristics of the Ladu cake, to determine the effect of the best comparison level in producing the best product and to determine the storage time of the best Ladu cake. This study was designed using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments (comparison of rice flour and dry grated coconut 100%:0%; 95%:5%; 90%:10%; 85%:15%; and 80%:20 %) and 3 replicates. The results showed that the ratio of dry grated coconut had an effect on moisture content, ash content, fat content, carbohydrate content, crude fiber content, friability, color, aroma, texture and taste. However, it had no significant effect on protein levels. Based on the chemical, physical and sensory characteristics of the comparison of Ladu cake products, the best product was obtained in the 10% dry grated coconut and 90% rice flour treatment with the characteristics of this treatment being 1.96% water content, 2.42% ash content, fat content 19.55%, protein content 7.56%, carbohydrate content 68.86%, crude fiber content 2.73%, and the average value of sensory analysis of aroma 3.70, color 4.07, texture 3.53 and taste 3.97.

Perbandingan Aspek Ekonomi Penggunaan Pupuk Juhar dengan Pupuk NPK pada Kelapa Sawit

The aim of the research is to find out the comparison level of production, production costs, reception and the income on the agricultural of palm oil prenuership and to analyze the level of economic efficiency. This research is conducted with a purposive sampling method. The research is showing result that the production is using the juice of Juhar is 70.792 kg. With the use of NPK there are 604 kg. But from the data above can be found that the production of the palm oil is higher using the Juhar fertilizer than NPK fertilizer. The cultivation of the palm oil which useing Juhar fertilizer is better than using the NPK fertilizer.

PENGELOLAAN KREDIT DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATAN LIKUIDITAS PADA BANK NAGARI PADANG

The purpose of this research was coundoced to find out how credit management in an effort to increase liquidity on bank bank nagari padang. The research method used is the metohed of data qualitative descriptive.The kind of used data is secondary data obtained from the publication of the bank indonesia and the bank nagari padang period 2013 – 2017. The results of research shows that comparison level LDR banks are in the position of healthy, a comparison level NPL was still in a position to less healthy, and a comparison LAR also shows the bank has not been able to meet the demand of the credits. While the comparison of QR banks shows in a healthy position so that the bank is able to cover its obligations by using tools liquid owned by the bank.

Comparison of Open Source Power Grid Models—Combining a Mathematical, Visual and Electrical Analysis in an Open Source Tool

Power grid models are important in relation to several topics and applications, especially the modelling, optimisation and extension of electrical grids. The significance of grid models is heightened by the increase in renewable energy generation and the challenges associated with its integration into the power grid. However, despite their crucial importance, grid models have generally not been made publicly available for scientific studies or technical analyses. Little information has been published about either the details and methods used in the derivation of these models, or their input and output data. Recently, several projects were initiated in an effort to address this by developing open source grid models and associated data. These projects used different approaches and methods, but most are based on the OpenStreetMap database. The goal of this paper is to compare the different available grid models on the basis of the structure and derivation methods used. Therefore, a novel combination of a graph-theoretical, Geographic Information System (GIS)-based and power-related comparison level is introduced using the open source tool AutoGridComp, which was developed by the authors. The grid models considered in this study are the Scientific Grid Model (SciGRID), GridKit and open street map Transmission Grid Model (osmTGmod) models for Germany.

Matrimonial Failure in George Eliot’s Middlemarch: through the perspective of Social Exchange Theory

This paper aims at to analyze the causes of matrimonial failure in George Eliot’s Middlemarch among the central couples: Casaubon and Dorothea and Dr. Lydgate and Rosamond _ by applying Social Exchange Theory and its principles (rewards and costs, Comparison level, relational resources, trust and commitment and marital solidarity), through which their causes of failure of conjugal relationship are meticulously analyzed, and not fulfilling of these cause failure and fragility in central marriages in the novel.

Matrimonial Failure in George Eliot’s Middlemarch: through the perspective of Social Exchange Theory

This paper aims at to analyze the causes of matrimonial failure in George Eliot’s Middlemarch among the central couples: Casaubon and Dorothea and Dr. Lydgate and Rosamond _ by applying Social Exchange Theory and its principles (rewards and costs, Comparison level, relational resources, trust and commitment, and marital solidarity), through which their causes of failure of conjugal relationship are meticulously analyzed, and not fulfilling of these cause failure and fragility in central marriages in the novel.