The Effect of Boiling Time on Polyphenol Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Ciplukan (Physalis Angulata .L)

This study aimed to determine the effect of boiling time on polyphenol compounds and antioxidant activity ciplukan (leaves, stems, fruit, roots and mixture of each plant part). This research used Randomized Block Design (RBD) with five groups (leaves, stems, fruit, roots, and mixture of each part of the plant ) and three treatments (10, 20 and 30 minutes). The analysis for the experiment were the antioxidant activity of each part of the plant by using various incubation time, the antioxidant activity and total polyphenol for each treatment. The results showed that the duration of boiling had a significant effect on total polyphenols but no significant effect on antioxidant activity. The highest total polyphenols were obtained on leaves with 30 min boiling duration (1210.5 mg GAE / g), and the highest antioxidant activity was also obtained on leaves with 30 min boiling time (88.32%).

Comparative Effect of Grated Coconut (Cocos nucifera, L.) on the Characteristics of Ladu Cake

Ladu cake is a traditional cake originating from the Pariaman area which has a savory and crunchy taste and a unique shape. This study aims to determine the effect of the ratio of dry grated coconut on the characteristics of the Ladu cake, to determine the effect of the best comparison level in producing the best product and to determine the storage time of the best Ladu cake. This study was designed using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments (comparison of rice flour and dry grated coconut 100%:0%; 95%:5%; 90%:10%; 85%:15%; and 80%:20 %) and 3 replicates. The results showed that the ratio of dry grated coconut had an effect on moisture content, ash content, fat content, carbohydrate content, crude fiber content, friability, color, aroma, texture and taste. However, it had no significant effect on protein levels. Based on the chemical, physical and sensory characteristics of the comparison of Ladu cake products, the best product was obtained in the 10% dry grated coconut and 90% rice flour treatment with the characteristics of this treatment being 1.96% water content, 2.42% ash content, fat content 19.55%, protein content 7.56%, carbohydrate content 68.86%, crude fiber content 2.73%, and the average value of sensory analysis of aroma 3.70, color 4.07, texture 3.53 and taste 3.97.

Online Measuring Of Grain Flowrates and Its Measurement Sensitivities with Pitch and Roll Angles

A complete calibration test stand was constructed and instrumented to examine the effect of varying pitch and roll positions on the measurement errors of a microwave solid type flow sensor. Results indicated that measurement errors ranging from 2.50% to 6.82% and 1.80% to 8.86% were obtained by the changing of chute pitch (descending and ascending) and roll angle positions from 1.5° to 4.5°, respectively. Greater measurement errors were found at the low screw auger conveyor speed range. However, the magnitude of errors is within the acceptable margin for any typical wet paddy land topography.

MANAGEMENT POLICY ANALYSIS OF SIBERUT BIOSPHERE RESERVE MENTAWAI ARCHEPELAGO DISTRIC WEST SUMATERA PROVINCE

This research executed in Siberut island which has been specified Unesco as Biosphere Reserve. The purpose of research was to identify the policy which has been specified in Siberut, knows implementation of management, knows perception and participation of public and knows interaction of the parties involving in management Biosphere Reserve. Method applied is Inventory and contents analysis of policy, Indepth Interview with cross check, Open interview with descriptive qualitative and Inventory and Stakeholder analysis. Republic of Indonesia Government doesn't support expansion of Siberut Biosphere Reserve for all island. There is understanding difference and exploiting of Biosphere Reserve according to the Government with MAB-UNESCO so do with perception there are difference between publics Siberut with the Government. Local public assumes that forest Siberut is custom forest which its the domination stays at custom public according to custom Arat Sabulungan, where its the exploiting and management is done based on custom, but the Government considers to be state forest. Implementation of Siberut Biosphere Reserve Pledge based on Indicator Implementation released by Unesco, 1996 till now still uncommitting for overall of area Biosphere Reserve, except to of Core area (Siberut National Park). Implementation at core area based on Indicator Implementation (Unesco, 1996) mostly has been executed, except for Indikator 5,6,8,9 and 16. Role and influence MAB and TNS in Siberut still be low for the reason need to be improved. Keyword: Cagar Biosfer Siberut, Siberut Biosphere Reserve.

Diversity and Composition of Hymenoptera Around Tidal Swamp Rice In Indragiri Hilir District, Indonesia

Pest attacks on rice plants can cause a detrimental decrease in production. Hymenoptera has many important roles in ecosystems, including as parasitoids and predators of pests. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of Hymenoptera around tidal swamp rice in Indragiri Hilir Regency, Indonesia. Sampling used four traps, namely: 1) swing net; 2) yellow pan trap; 3) malaise trap; and 4) pitfall traps. The analysis was carried out by calculating the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), the Margalef species richness index (D), the Pielou species evenness index (J). Hymenoptera found around tidal swamp rice areas of Indragiri Hilir Regency were 15.253 Hymenoptera insects consisting of 11 superfamilies, 37 families, and 304 morphospecies. Hymenoptera parasitoid had the highest diversity index value (4,80), followed by Hymenoptera pollinator (3,13) and Hymenoptera predator (3,11). The number of species of Hymenoptera parasitoid, pollinator, and predator obtained was 243; 31 and 76 species. The high diversity of Hymenoptera around tidal agricultural land optimizes its ecological role in the rice plantation ecosystem.

Characteristics of Oil Used in Frying Peanuts, Cassava And Mackarel Tuna

The characteristics of used frying oil that are carried out repeatedly using high temperatures and with various types of frying materials will produce new types of oil characteristics, either the appearance and disappearance of certain types of chemical components or changes in the physical properties of frying oil. This study aims to determine the characteristics of cooking oil used in frying peanuts which have high fat content, high carbohydrate content of cassava and mackarel tuna which have high protein content. Samples of used oil were obtained from the use of pure oil from palm oil and then the 3 different types of material were fried with 10 frying repetitions. The used frying oil was then visually observed and analyzed for the number of peroxides, free fatty acids, and moisture content, color test, amount of oil lost and its fatty acid profile. In addition, the amount of oil lost due to frying was observed. The results of the observation of physical properties showed that the smell of oil became rancid, the taste of the oil became bitter and the color turned black. The results of chemical analysis showed that the highest peroxide number was 50 meq / kg, the highest ALB was 4.35%, and the highest moisture content was 3.21% , the oil color changed to brown to black, the highest amount of oil lost due to frying was cassava frying oil. namely 58.4% , . The fatty acid profile of used frying oil has been obtained and there is a decrease in the percentage, the appearance of stearic acid and the loss of heptadecanoic fatty acids in the used cooking oil for peanuts, cassava and mackarel tuna.

The Enhancement of Phytochemical Compounds in Fresh Produces by Abiotic Stress Application at Postharvest Handling Stage

Fresh produces is one of functional food based on its phytochemical contents. The great amounts of the phytochemical compounds in fresh produces become the main core of quality jugdement from fresh produses as a functional food. The use of proper postharvest handling system of fresh produces can be as a tool to protect the loss of the external quality and also can be used to enhance the levels of phytochemical compounds therein at the same time. A good management of plant stresses in respect to key enzymes activation of phytocemicals pathway during postharvest handling treatments of fresh produces can trigger distinct change of contained phytochemicals that can promote their healthy beneficial effect for human life.

Water Stress Influence For Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum) Production

Tomato, also known as Solanum lycopersicum, is one of the horticultural commodities that have a good priority to be developed. Tomato production in Indonesia has decreased over five decades. This lack of production is caused by the limitation of water supply during the dry season as to effect of its rooting. One of the ways of ensuring water supply is using an irrigation system, including drip irrigation. The use of drip irrigation will save a lot of water, but the allocation of water to be given will cause to salinity. This phenomenon requires actions to control the water for tomato production. Research in this area is being carried out in the subdistrict of Lubuk Kilangan, Padang City. The current study observes the effect of salinity on the amount of leaf, the productivity, and the sweetness of the tomato fruit. Based on the results, the efficiency of drip irrigation is around 96.28%, and there is no real effect of salinity on the amount of leaf. Additionally, salinity does not affect productivity. The highest productivity is on the treatment of giving water at -15%, amounting to 2.30 kg, and the lowest is at -5%, amounting to 1.72%. Salinity increases the sweetness of tomato, and the highest sweetness level is on the treatment of giving water at -20%, amounting to 5.6600 Brix, and the lowest sweetness level is at the control treatment, amounting to 5.1100 Brix.

Application of Cart Method in Analyzing Factors Affecting Nutritional Status of Children Aged 6-23 Months

This study aims to analyze factors that affect the nutritional status of children aged 6-23 months. The data used were acquired from a survey conducted at mother and child health services (‘posyandu’), daycares, and households in four districts in Padang City, West Sumatera. In this study, variables that are hypothesized to contribute to nutritional status are sex, birth weight, family income, number of family dependents, exclusive breastfeeding status, mother's employment status, education level, knowledge and nutritional behavior. Data analysis was done by using tree structure analysis namely CART method. It is showed that variables which significantly affect the nutritional status of children aged 6-23 months are mother’s education level, knowledge and nutritional behavior. Children with low mother’s education level have higher prevalence of severely underweight and underweight when mother’s knowledge is poor or enough. in the group of children whose mothers have higher level of education, the variable that has a significant influence on child’s nutritional status is mother's nutritional behavior. In the group of children whose mothers have higher level of education, the variable that has a significant influence on child’s nutritional status is mother's nutritional behavior, the prevalence of overweight is likely to be high in children whose mothers nutritional behaviour is not good. Therefore, intervention from related parties is needed to implement programs for improving mother's knowledge about nutrition that will lead to better child’s nutritional status.