Mapping of crown rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae) resistance gene Pc54 and a novel quantitative trait locus effective against powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. avenae) in the oat (Avena sativa) line Pc54

The Pc54 oat line carries the crown rust resistance gene ‘Pc54’ and an unknown gene effective against powdery mildew. In this study two recombinant inbred line populations were developed to identify the genomic locations of the two genes and producing lists of molecular markers with a potential for marker assisted selection. The RILs and parents were phenotyped for crown rust and powdery mildew in a controlled environment. They were also genotyped using the 6K Illumina Infinium iSelect oat SNP chip. Multiple interval mapping placed Pc54 on the linkage group Mrg02 (chromosome 7D) and the novel powdery mildew QTL ‘QPm.18’ on Mrg18 (chromosome 1A) both in the mapping and validating population. A total of nine and 31 significant molecular markers were identified linked with the Pc54 gene and QPm.18, respectively. Reactions to crown rust inoculations have justified separate identity of Pc54 from other genes and QTL that have previously been reported on Mrg02 except for ’qPCRFd’. Pm3 is the only powdery mildew resistance gene previously mapped on Mrg18. However, the pm3 differential line, Mostyn was susceptible to the powdery mildew race used in this study suggesting that Pm3 and QPm.18 are different genes. Determining the chromosomal locations of Pc54 and QPm.18 is helpful for better understanding the molecular mechanism of resistance to crown rust and powdery mildew in oats. Furthermore, SNPs and SSRs that are closely linked with the genes could be valuable for developing PCR based molecular markers and facilitating the utilization of these genes in oat breeding programs.

CHALLENGES FACED BY VASCULAR SURGEONS IN ACCEPTANCE OF THEIR SPECIALTY BY MEDICAL COMMUNITY OF PAKISTAN

Objective: To determine the challenges being faced by vascular surgeons in acceptability of their specialty by the medical community of Pakistan. Study Design: Qualitative case study. Place and Duration of Study: Various training institutes & teaching hospitals all over the Pakistan, from Sep 2019 to Feb 2020. Methodology: Semi structured interview format comprising of a series of open ended and broad questions to get maximum relevant information, were sent to 13 surgeons (vascular and part time vascular surgeons) practicing vascular surgery at least for the last five years in various training institutes and teaching hospitals of Pakistan. Interviews were audio recorded on telephone and in persons. The data was transcribed, cleansing was done, and analyzed through inductive and thematic content analysis. Results: Handful of qualified vascular surgeons, inadequate vascular training program, part time vascular surgery and unawareness/misconceptions/myths about vascular diseases, were the major challenges being faced by the vascular community for their separate identity. Conclusion: The vascular community is facing great challenges of shortage of qualified vascular surgeons and technicians, inadequate training centers, part time vascular surgery and misconceptions/myths/unawareness about vascular diseases.

Outsiders

Groups were underrepresented in the mainstream either because they chose a separate identity or were discriminated against, or both. Roman Catholics were the largest outsider religious group, mainly by choice. A major Catholic Foundation at the University of Illinois drew rebuke from authorities for undercutting Catholic schools. Among Protestants, many supported smaller denominational colleges. Fundamentalists mostly chose their own institutions. Women remained in ambiguous positions; they were included in state universities, but not in the Ivy League, and often had their own colleges. African Americans were strongly discriminated against. Howard was the only true African American university. Christianity played a considerable role at most African American colleges and universities. Jews founded Yeshiva College and Brandeis University, but most were eager to assimilate into mainstream American schools, where they faced quotas; anti-Semitism also played a role in faculty hiring, especially in the humanities.

Fundraising for Government: Unpacking the Structure and Relationship of Government-Supporting Nonprofit Partnerships

Government-supporting nonprofits (GSNs) are 501(c)(3) organizations established in connection with a government agency to fundraise and support their mission. To date, little is known about the structural and substantive relationships that occur in this exclusive partnership. Applying the GSN model to public education in Florida, this study looks at data collected from 18 local education foundations (LEFs) and their school district partners. Interviews suggest that different structural models influence the relationships between the two organizations along the following dimensions: attention, successive engagement, resource infusion, and organizational identity. Even though LEFs exist to support their school district, they also aim to establish a separate identity to be able to fundraise and carry out a more community-based role. Through this research, a framework is proposed for studying the structural and partnership dimensions of government-supporting nonprofits. We conclude with a discussion on future research and relevant considerations for government agencies with a supporting nonprofit.

Dismantling the Patriarchal Hierarchy in Willa Cather’s A Lost Lady

This research paper is focused on how Willa Cather portrays the inner rebellion and the passion of a female character, Marian Forrester in her novel A Lost Lady. She walks against the social norms and she is presented as a rigid character who dismantles the male created hierarchy woman as a subordinate being in the society. Though she is married and living happily with her husband, somewhere deep down in her heart she is not happy with her husband. Marian seems to transcend her husband’s order. At that time female were not allowed to enjoy their freedom like the males. Marian goes against male hegemony and to create her separate identity. As a qualitative research, by using radical feminism as a tool of interpretation, the researcher collected textual evidenced from Cather’s novel and interpreted them to fulfill the objective of this research. This research concludes that Cather’s Marian has dismantled the social hierarchy created by the male superiority or patriarchy in the novel.

Dismantling the Patriarchal Hierarchy in Willa Cather’s A Lost Lady

This research paper is focused on how Willa Cather portrays the inner rebellion and the passion of a female character, Marian Forrester in her novel A Lost Lady. She walks against the social norms and she is presented as a rigid character who dismantles the male created hierarchy woman as a subordinate being in the society. Though she is married and living happily with her husband, somewhere deep down in her heart she is not happy with her husband. Marian seems to transcend her husband’s order. At that time female were not allowed to enjoy their freedom like the males. Marian goes against male hegemony and to create her separate identity. As a qualitative research, by using radical feminism as a tool of interpretation, the researcher collected textual evidenced from Cather’s novel and interpreted them to fulfill the objective of this research. This research concludes that Cather’s Marian has dismantled the social hierarchy created by the male superiority or patriarchy in the novel.

Communicatively Managing Multiple, Intersecting Identities Among Immigrant Women Entrepreneurs

Immigrant women comprise one of the fastest growing groups of business owners in the United States and other urban economies; however, a greater proportion of immigrant women business owners shut down their business within a year compared with their nonimmigrant peers. In an attempt to address this challenge, the study reported here explores the communication strategies adopted by immigrant women entrepreneurs as they manage key identities (gender, ethnicity, religion, and immigrant status) that may influence their success. Drawing on a structurational model of multiple identities and linking that with intersectionality research, this study examines the experiences of 60 immigrant women entrepreneurs from 30 different countries in New York City as they (dis)connect with their various identities. In addition to insights about each separate identity, we identify three tensions at the intersection of multiple identities, business sector, and sociocultural and historical context: visible versus invisible, expressive versus silent, and revealing versus concealing. Furthermore, we show how strategic communication practices are adopted to negotiate these tensions, and hence secure and/or increase business opportunities and business survival.

Disappearing to Survive

In the wake of war Huguenot communities in the Indies seemed to disappear. Faced with pressures to conform, the refugees and their descendants tended to adopt the language and manners of their English or Dutch neighbors. This chapter examines this assimilation and concludes that it was above all a strategy for survival in an imperial world, one that foretold the transformation but not the end of the Huguenot Refuge. The chapter looks at several case studies of Huguenot communities in the Cape Colony, New York, Virginia, and South Carolina, all of which were marked by disputes between Huguenots and also with their imperial masters, who often sought to undermine Huguenot independence. The results were uneven, however. Huguenots remained attached to their larger cause, even as they became less overt about their separate identity.

Dynamics of Politics and Poetics of Home: A Study of Manju Kapur’s Home

The territory of the home is not only regarded in terms of physical space but also in terms of human affection and influence. The status of women within the social structure of their families and/or communities is paralleled as well as informed by their position in the physical structure of their houses and homes. An Indian woman is yet to seek an identity as a human being with equal status in the family in which she is born and in the family to which she is given in marriage. This research attempts to make a study of Manju Kapur’s novel Home to reveal many issues deeply rooted within a family and explore the dynamics of relationships that prevail in an Indian home. Nisha, the protagonist in the novel, tries to subvert age-old traditional norms and values of her home, which is symbolic of Indian society in microcosm, that threatens to subvert her existence as an individual. Manju Kapur’s women contest and defend their domestic territories because they are contesting not only for power, but for their self-esteem, identity and individuality. The home obviously is a gendered living space of an everyday life, and that young Indian women are not accepting traditional roles conferred by ‘home’ onto them passively; instead, they seem to be (re)traditionaliszing their strategies of housework and childcare responsibilities. Through this paper we wish to highlight that change in the traditional roles played by women in homes reproduces dynamics of politics of home thereby enhancing dynamics of poetics of home. The study of politics and poetics of home further analyses how the relationship between women and men as well as ideas about masculinity and femininity are shaped by the intersection of tradition and modernity. The study explores a dialogue between tradition and modernity with an aim to project yearning for autonomy and separate identity. Kapur poignantly shows the evolution of an Indian woman in the midst of the repressive patriarchal structure of an Indian home.