A short review on different techniques used for site selection of air quality monitoring stations

Air pollution has become a serious concern across the world in the last few decades. In specific cities, the air quality index value had changed from very unhealthy to a hazardous level of health concern. Air pollution has a serious impact on daily lives in those cities. Monitoring of air pollution is becoming necessary these days. Air quality monitoring stations are installed to get the air pollution data, which indicates in the air quality index (AQI) value. In order to contain a proper air quality index (AQI) value, it is essential to locate the air quality monitoring stations in the appropriate place of the study area. Several techniques were being used for site selection of air quality monitoring stations for the last few decades. In this short review, all such techniques have been studied systematically, and comprehensive analysis has been reported for further use by the scientific community and policymakers. In this study, the methods used in the site selection of air quality monitoring stations were categorized into four groups. (1) Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques; (2) Geographical Information System (GIS); (3) hybrid techniques; and (4) miscellaneous. In the site selection of air quality monitoring stations, the decision-makers should consider various parameters based on the study area. While considering various parameters, the problem solving becomes complex. At this point, MCDM techniques, GIS, and Hybrid techniques are found to be helpful tools for the decision-makers.

An effect of green energy utilization on Industrial development in India

India is a developing country, with a population of about 1,387,297,452. India requires a lot of energy both for development and running all its systems smoothly. Most of the energy consumed in India is in electrical form. The electrical energy consumption of India is around 1,137.00 billion kWh of electric energy per year. When counted per person, this energy comes to an average of around 841 kWh. When looking at the tactical data given out by the Indian government, 80% of the total electrical energy is produced using fossil fuels, even though there is a lot of abundant availability of renewable energy here in India. This paper studies the various renewable energy sources currently utilized in various sectors in India. This paper looks at the effect of technical efficiency gains on energy use in industrial, agricultural, and other sectors in India, at varying levels of aggregation. This paper gives the present status of energy sources and utilization areas. Although around 80% of the average temperature zone is available in the Indian subcontinent, the electrical energy produced in India via solar energy is less than around 1.3% of total consumption. India currently produces 63.730 GW, which is very less when compared to the total energy required. Similarly, India produces 32 GW of electrical energy from the wind sector, which is very little compared to the total energy consumption.

Drainage and management of offseason rain water in multipurpose reservoir using fuzzy model

The function and management of the reservoir are fully dependent on the past history of the average weather. With the increase of global warming, there is an increase in temperature in the atmosphere, which results in melting ice in the polar region, increasing sea water labels, etc. These have bad impacts on our environment like floods and drought. It is difficult to predict the weather due to rapid changes in the climates. Then the offseason rainwater can be used to manage the crisis of the uncertain situation. This paper introduces a novel fuzzy model to redistribute reservoir water for different purposes based on the offseason rain intensity. The model has been developed for the period of the non-monsoon season with the set of parameters like inflow, outflow, rain intensity, water demand among the power generation, civil utilization, harvesting, industrial production, etc. The model has been optimized to obtain water distribution based on requirements for different purposes and maximize revenues.

An integrated decision-making model for wind turbine blade material

Wind turbines are the devices used to harness wind energy. The turbine blades are one of the components which directly confront the wind and convert it into mechanical energy. Various material composites are used in the turbine industries to manufacture wind turbine blades but it is hard to select the best material composite along with the choices. In this study, an MCDM technique named Measurement of Alternatives and Ranking according to Compromise Solution (MARCOS) method is applied to select the best material composite among the set of materials for manufacturing of the blades. The weights of the criteria are determined by the Best Worst (BWM) method. Around 9 criteria such as the ultimate tensile strength, stiffness, cost of the materials, panel stability parameter of the material etc. are used to rank the best alternative among the blade materials. The carbon fibre reinforced plastic is seen to be the best material among the other materials composite by applying the MARCOS method.

An intercriteria correlation model for sustainable automotive body material selection

Over the last decades, most automakers have started to append sustainable materials to lighten the weight in their vehicles to meet stringent, rigorous environmental regulations, which will be more economical, sustainable and improve fuel efficiency. It will also improve the relationship between power and weight of the vehicles, which will translate into greater performance from the present condition. Nowadays, Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) is one of the fastest-growing areas of operations research. The methods of MCDA distinguish themselves in terms of procedures, theoretical assumptions, and type of decision addressed. This diversity poses challenges to the process of selecting the most suited method for a specific real-world decision problem. In this research paper, an inter-criteria co-relation model is adopted to solve a real-world discrete sustainable automotive material selection problem.