Semantic Analysis and Text Summarization in Socio-Technical Systems

In this chapter, the authors present the results of the development the text-mining methodology for increasing the reliability of the functioning of Socio-technical System (STS). Taking into account revealed strengths and weaknesses of Discriminant and Probabilistic approaches of Latent Semantic Relations analysis in of the abstracting and summarization projection, the Methodology of Two-level Single Document Summarization was developed. The Methodology assumes the following elements of novelty: based on obtaining a multi-level topical framework of the document (abstracting); uses the synergy effect of consistent usage the combination of two approaches for identification of conceptually significant elements of the text (summarization). The examples demonstrating the basic workability of proposed Methodology were presented. Such approaches should help human to increase the quality of supporting the decision-making processes of STS in real time.

Diagnosis and Evaluation

The accident free work of complex systems depends of the compatibility of their components. When it comes to socio-technical, this means the compatibility of the human factor with the environment and equipment, organized through a specific interface. At the same time, there is a certain contradiction: the modeling and design of equipment and interface is based on a classical mathematical apparatus, whereas its use for understanding human activity is confronted with the non-formalizability of many aspects of perception and decision-making. Elimination of this contradiction on the basis of the modeling apparatus, equally suitable for modeling all components of socio-technical systems, will open the way to improving the compatibility of components and reducing the accident rate. Therefore, the development of such a mathematical apparatus is an important problem. In this chapter is presented the modelling instrument, which is adequate to the composite open systems properties – axiomatic wave model, theory of self-organization, practical examples.

Models of Decision-Making Operators of Socio-Technical System

In this chapter, the authors present Air Navigation System (ANS) as a Socio-technical System (STS). The authors present models of decision making (DM) operators of STS, such as the deterministic models obtained for using network planning; the stochastic models obtained for using decision-tree; models in uncertainty obtained for using criteria Vald, Laplace, Savage, Hurwicz and other. The authors presented also DM models of operators in ANS, such as the neural network models, fuzzy models, the Markov network models, GERT-models for modelling and forecasting of behavioral activity of ANS's Human-operator (H-O) in flight emergencies situation. The scenarios of developing a flight situation in case of selecting either the positive or negative pole in accordance with the reflexive theory have been obtained. They demonstrate some examples with DM's deterministic and stochastic models for engineers, pilots, air traffic controllers, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) operators, managers etc. In addition, the chapter presents some examples of DM models developed by the author and students at National Aviation University.

Analysis of the Development Situation and Forecasting of Development of Emergency Situations in Socio-Technical Systems

In this chapter, socio-technical analysis of Air Navigation System (ANS) has hold in the result of which the heterogeneous factors of professional and non-professional activities influencing on the decision-making (DM) of ANS's human-operator (Н-О) in expected and unexpected aircraft's (АС) operating conditions have classified, systematically compiled and formalized. The method of generalization of heterogeneous factors, which allows taking into account the structural hierarchy, heterogeneity, dynamic instability of factors of professional and non-professional activity influencing on the ANS's H-O DM has developed, the conditions for their evaluation have determined. The vector of actions of the ANS's H-O in the expected and unexpected AC operating conditions, taking into account the model of the operator's behaviour, has considered. The authors have obtained the models of bipolar choice of operator of Socio-Technical System (STS) for using of reflexion theory and Markov network. They present the results of choosing in the direction of positive, negative pole, a mixed choice and forecasting of development of the situation. The authors demonstrate the methodology for analysis of flight situation development using GERT's and Markov's networks.

Applications of Decision-Support Systems in Sociotechnical Systems

In this chapter, the authors present conceptual models of decision support systems (DSS) and Expert systems (ES) for Human-Operator (H-O) of Air Navigation System (ANS), such as air traffic controller (ATC) in flight emergencies, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) operator, Safety Management System (SMS), etc. The authors made an analysis of the International civil aviation organization (ICAO) documents on risk assessment and the impact of the social environment on the aviation system. Automated system of pre-flight information preparation with intelligent module for support the decision making (DM) about aircraft departure are presented and program realization of systems are shown. The authors obtained algorithm of determining the optimal aerodrome for the forced landing of aircraft is provided. Expert systems of aviation enterprise's estimation were developed. Inhomogeneous factors of internal and external management environment of aviation enterprise were generalized using set-theoretical approach. This gave possibilities to define that the level of safety of aviation activity has the greatest influence among factors of internal environment and global economic situation – among factors of external environment. The authors demonstrate some interesting applications of DM in Socio-Technical Systems (STS). The DSS for H-O of ANS in the emergency situational were developed. Examples of DSS: DSS of ATC in the emergency situational; the flight dispatcher's DSS; DSS of UAV's operator, etc. In addition, the chapter presents some cases of DSS developed by the authors and colleagues at National Aviation University, Ukraine.

Analysis of Decision-Making of Operators in Socio-Technical Systems

In this chapter, the authors present Air Navigation System (ANS) as a Socio-technical System (STS). The evolution of Human factor's models is presented (from 1972 to present time) and the role of society in human factor (HF) models is defined. The authors made an analysis of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) documents on risk assessment and the impact of the social environment on the aviation system. The authors obtained the results of the evaluation of non-professional factors: determination the social-psychological impact on DM of human-operator (H-O) by identifying the preferences; diagnosing individual-psychological qualities of H-O ANS in the development of flight situation; monitoring of the psycho-physiological factors as emotional state H-O ANS. Authors demonstrate some interesting advantages offered by the new methodology of forecasting the behavior of the operator in emergency situation (ES).

Intelligent Expert Decision Support Systems

In this chapter, the authors present Intelligent Expert Decision Support Systems (IEDSSs) technology and conceptual models of Expert systems(ES) for Human-Operator (H-O) of different areas and Air Navigation System (ANS) too. The authors demonstrate some interesting applications of IEDSS. Intelligent Expert Decision Support Systems technology is a challenging field that has witnessed great advances in the last few years. Artificial intelligence (AI) theories and approaches receive increasing attention within this emerging technology .Researchers have been used the AI concepts and theories to develop a robust generation of IEDSSs. Moreover, the convergence of AI technologies and web technologies (WT) is enabling the creation of a new generation of web-based IEDSSs for all domains and tasks. This chapter discusses the AI methodologies and techniques for developing the IEDSSs. Two most popular paradigms are discussed namely; case-based reasoning and ontological engineering. Moreover, the chapter addresses the challenges faced by the application developers and knowledge engineers in developing and deploying AI-based expert decision support systems. In addition, the chapter presents some examples of ES by the author and colleagues at National Aviation University, Ukraine and some cases of IEDSSs developed by the author and his colleagues at Artificial intelligence and Knowledge Engineering Research Labs, Ain Shams University, AIKE Labs-ASU, Cairo, Egypt.

Socionics and Sociometry Diagnosting of Air Navigation System's Operator

In this chapter, the authors have researched the operator behavioral activities in Air Navigation System (ANS) as a Socio-Technical System (STS). They have identified personality types of aviation professionals and their interactions during the performance of professional tasks in the small group on the example of the controllers' team with the system approach. The authors have used socionics methods for determining the professional type of the operator namely energy consumption for the choice of profession and sociometry methods to determine the compatibility of operators in the group etc. They have presented the results of correlation analysis of socionics and sociometry indicators in ANS.