IoT-Based Health Services Framework for Endless Ailment Administration at Remote Areas

The objective is to build an IoT-based patient monitoring smart device. The device would monitor real-time data of patients and send it to the Cloud. It has become imperative to attend to minute internal changes in the body that affect overall health. The system would remotely take care of an individual's changes in health and notify the relatives or doctors of any abnormal changes. Cloud storages provide easy availability and monitoring of real-time data. The system uses microcontroller Arduino Nano and sensors – GY80, Heartbeat sensor, Flex sensor, and Galvanic Skin (GSR) sensor with a Wi-Fi Module.

Health Monitoring System for Individuals Using Internet of Things

Most of the elderly citizens are either living by themselves or locked up at home when the rest of the family members go to work. Health of the elderly deteriorates gradually with age, but people fail to notice these changes in everyday life. The elderly are at risk of not receiving attention immediately in the case of emergencies. Internet of things can be used to alert family members and health personnel immediately when an abnormality in the elderly person's health is sensed to prevent discovery of illness at an irrecoverable stage. Internet of things can monitor parameters like heart pulse rate, body temperature, body movement, position, and location, and raise an alert to take immediate preventive actions. Making this system portable is one of the most necessary requirements because it will be worn by the user. That introduces various conditions in itself. For instance, the system should not disturb the patient or be heavy.

Wireless Body Area Networks

Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are valuable solutions for healthcare lifestyle monitoring applications which allow the continuous screening of health data and constant access to patients despite their current locality or activity, with a fraction of the cost of regular face-to-face examination. In such environments, entities are equipped with intelligence-embedded devices to collect data for providing pervasive information. WBANs can serve as passing reference for huge audience instance systems for architects, practitioners, developers, medical engineers, etc. In particular for the medical field, devices fixed inside the human body measure and transfer real-time data to the caregiver through the communication network. Many technologies have showed their efficiency in secondary WBANs application such as biofeedback, remote sensing, and QoS requirement. This chapter highlights the major applications, design, and security of WBAN.

Architecting IoT based Healthcare Systems Using Machine Learning Algorithms

The rapid innovations in technologies endorsed the emergence of sensory equipment's connection to the Internet for acquiring data from the environment. The increased number of devices generates the enormous amount of sensor data from diversified applications of Internet of things (IoT). The generation of data may be a fast or real-time data stream which depends on the nature of applications. Applying analytics and intelligent processing over the data streams discovers the useful information and predicts the insights. Decision-making is a prominent process which makes the IoT paradigm qualified. This chapter provides an overview of architecting IoT-based healthcare systems with different machine learning algorithms. This chapter elaborates the smart data characteristics and design considerations for efficient adoption of machine learning algorithms into IoT applications. In addition, various existing and hybrid classification algorithms are applied to sensory data for identifying falls from other daily activities.

IoT in Healthcare

One of the best-known features of IoT is automation. Because of this, IoT is a much-needed field for many applications, namely emergency and healthcare domains. IoT has made many revolutionary changes in the healthcare industry. IoT paves the way to numerous advancements for healthcare. The possibilities of IoT have reached their peak in the commercial industry and health sector. In recent years, serious concerns have been raised over the control and access of one's individual information. Privacy and security of the IoT devices can be compromised by intruders. Apart from the numerous benefits of IoTs, there are several security and privacy concerns to consider. A brief overview of different kinds of security attacks, solution for the attacks, privacy and security issues are discussed in this chapter.

Predictive Modeling for Improving Healthcare Using IoT

The chapter covers the challenges faced in real-world healthcare services such as operating room bottlenecks, upcoming newborn medicines, managing datasets, and sources. It includes future directions that address practitioner difficulties. When IoT is merged with predictive techniques, it improves the medical service performance rate tremendously. Finally, the chapter covers the case studies and the tools that are in use to motivate the researchers to contribute to this domain.

Internet of Things in Healthcare

Healthcare motoring has become a popular research in recent years. The evolution of electronic devices brings out numerous wearable devices that can be used for a variety of healthcare motoring systems. These devices measure the patient's health parameters and send them for further processing, where the acquired data is analyzed. The analysis provides the patients or their relatives with the medical support required or predictions based on the acquired data. Cloud computing, deep learning, and machine learning technologies play a prominent role in processing and analyzing the data respectively. This chapter aims to provide a detailed study of IoT-based healthcare systems, a variety of sensors used to measure parameters of health, and various deep learning and machine learning approaches introduced for the diagnosis of different diseases. The chapter also highlights the challenges, open issues, and performance considerations for future IoT-based healthcare research.

Patient Health Monitoring System and Detection of Atrial Fibrillation, Fall, and Air Pollutants Using IoT Technologies

The objective of IoT in healthcare is to empower people to live healthy lives by wearing connected equipment. The healthcare industry has perpetually been in the forefront in the adoption and utilization of information and communication technologies (ICT) for the efficient healthcare administration). Detection of atrial fibrillation is done by checking the variations in the period of the heart rate. If a patient has atrial fibrillation, the period between each heartbeat will vary. A gas sensor is used to check the quality of air and a MEMS sensor to detect the fall of the body. The MEMS sensor is a compact device that collects comprehensive physical information and uses the gateway and cloud to analyze and store information.

Internet of Things-Based Authentication Mechanism for E-Health Applications

The sturdy advancements of internet of things are being changed into a methodology of associating smart things. E-health applications in this vision are a standout amongst IoT's most energizing applications. Indeed, security concerns were the fundamental boundary to the establishment. The encryption of various interlinked substances and the classification of the swapped information are the real concerns which should be settled for clients. This chapter proposes an e-health application using lightweight verification mechanism. The proposed model utilizes nonces as well as keyed-hash message authentication (KHAC) for checking the validity of verification trades.

QoS-Enabled Improved Cuckoo Search-Inspired Protocol (ICSIP) for IoT-Based Healthcare Applications

Internet of Things (IoT) is a technology which accommodates the hardware, software, and physical objects that collaborate with each other. IoT-based healthcare applications are increasing day by day and are never going to be decreased. Healthcare applications work in an ad-hoc manner to collect patient data and send it to corresponding persons so they can take just-in-time action. The routing protocols designed for general ad-hoc networks and applications are not supported by IoT-based, ad-hoc networks. Hence, there exists a need to develop a routing protocol to support IoT-based, ad-hoc networks. This chapter focuses to develop a routing protocol for an IoT-based, cognitive radio ad-hoc network by utilizing bio-inspired concept with the objective of reducing the delay and energy consumption. NS2 simulation results reflect the proposed routing protocol's performance in terms of benchmark performance metrics.