An Overview of Maritime Transportation Dynamics-Mobilization and Livelihood in Galápagos Islands

The Galápagos Islands are one of the biggest marine reserves in the world, home to a complex dynamic between its inhabitants, tourists, and biodiversity. Therefore, control over the logistics surrounding the resulting human mobilization process is fundamental to minimize the impact on the Islands' natural resources. This research gathers relevant information regarding the operation of the maritime transportation system of the islands and the waste management of its floating population based on official sources as well as in-situ observation. This chapter includes three sections with the purpose of maximizing the range of information analyzed. The first section covers the maritime cargo transportation from the continent to the islands. The second one covers the transportation of people between the islands, and the third covers the transportation and management of waste produced by each island. The information covers the institutions and policies that govern each of the systems considered and can serve to optimize the transportation logistics of the Galápagos Islands.

Providing Safety and Detecting Accidents in Bike Transport With Smart Helmets Using IoT

IoT is the network of interconnected devices or things that are embedded with sensors, software, and network connectivity. The road mishaps are also increasing day by day, due to which many deaths occur, most of them caused by the negligence of not wearing helmets, and also many deaths occur due to lack of medical attention needed by the injured person, hence the need for a protective headgear that makes bike driving safer than before. This work is implemented by considering advanced features like alcohol detection and fall detection by using alcohol and accelerometer sensors and makes not only a smart helmet but also a feature for smart bikes. RF module is a wireless device that is used to communicate between transmitter and receiver. If the rider is found drunk, the ignition switch is locked automatically, and in event of accident, the abnormal value in accelerometer is detected and message is sent to their registered number by using GSM. Thus, if a bike rider falls from bike, the message is sent automatically, and medical attention is given immediately.

Mathematical Modelling for Transportation With Application to Airline Transportation Network

Graph theory is a basic tool to solve real-world problems such as communication between people, water pipelines, and transportation networks. A transportation network can be modeled as connected weighted graph. This chapter starts by introducing some fundamental concepts of graph theory to be applied to three main problems: the minimum spanning tree, the shortest path, and the travel salesperson. The authors discuss some appropriated algorithms such as depth first algorithm, Prim's algorithm, Kruskal's algorithm, Dijkstra's algorithm, the nearest neighbour algorithm, the minimum spanning tree depth first search method (MST-DFS) algorithm, and the Christofides' algorithm to solve these problems and apply them the airlines network between international and regional airports in Saudi Arabia.

Analyzing and Soft Solutions to Vehicle Traffic Problems in Crowded Institutions

There is no doubt that the traffic problem is one of the problems faced by universities in different intensities for roads, intersections, and parklands. The negative effects of traffic congestion and bottlenecks are clear; they include extension of long waiting lines and increasing the time of transport with the consequences of ill effects. The effective solutions placed to resolve these problems need specialized studies relying on scientific methods for collecting and analyzing relevant data and drawing effective conclusions, recommendations, and solutions. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the problems of traffic congestion in crowded institutions, with realistic application to an anonymous University in Saudi Arabia as a case study and to provide the best solutions to achieve fluent flow of traffic at the present time and in the near and far future. Due to the complexity of the problem and its huge data and to facilitate the analysis process, the problem has been divided into three main sections, and the data is collected in four different ways.

An Optimal Customized Pricing Strategy for Truckload Transportation

The impacts of optimal pricing are rarely explored when it comes to truckload transportation. In this study, the question of what price should be given to which customer and for what service characteristics are investigated for truckload transportation. Accordingly, customers' attitudes and responses to the bid price must be modeled, and their flexibility in regards to the price must be analyzed. Bid response function is developed, and logit model is considered. The bid response function is examined from two different perspectives: the first one is a general model by which all data is used, and the second one is the logit model by using partitioned data obtained by clustering customers. Logit model sensitivity analysis is applied. After developing bid response functions, non-linear optimization model is developed to determine the bid price. The developed model will contribute to the logistics companies' profit margins in the long term.

Online Bus Services

Swvl is a smart ride-sharing transportation provider that brings together travelers at certain times and locations with bus drivers ensuring affordability, reliability, and convenience to all parties. In this chapter, the authors briefly discuss Swvl's vision, history, the services Swvl provides, and Swvl team's values. Furthermore, they examine the various optimization problems at Swvl from both the demand and supply perspective, common problems' features, a typical research project lifecycle at Swvl, and how they apply decision sciences to their problems at Swvl. Examples of such decision sciences applications include mathematical modeling, data analytics, and graph algorithms. Swvl operates at a very large scale and continues to grow eminently, creating challenging, complex, and interesting problems faced every day. Such growth inspires a lot of research and effort put into improving the service quality and impacting many lives.

Criteria for Selection of Transportation Vehicles According to Cargo Companies Using Fuzzy Methods

Freight transportation is one of the most important and costly operations in logistics as economy and society are significantly depended on freight transportation for the sustainability of life. Vehicle selection in freight transportation is a crucial and strategic decision as it requires high investments, and if the desired performance cannot be achieved from these vehicles, which were bought at a high expense, they would inevitably be idle. Vehicle selection problem in logistics is essentially a multi-criteria decision problem as it consists of several criteria, some conflicting with each other. The aim of this research is to find out which criteria freight companies value the most when assessing and selecting the vehicles they use on the road by using fuzzy BWM and fuzzy SWARA methods. Since the number of studies using fuzzy BWM and fuzzy SWARA is low in the literature and there are few studies in the literature related to transportation vehicle selection in the logistics, this study will contribute to the literature.

System Dynamics for Modelling Subway Passenger Flow in the Transportation Sector

Thank to developed SD model, decision makers can create appropriate policy. The importance of passenger numbers in compartments increased due to COVID-19, and managers didn't want to increase passengers in compartments too much. In this study, a model will be developed in Vensim package program. The model will be developed for analyzing passenger flows. Different scenarios can be tested thanks to developed system dynamics model. Subway passenger flow was analyzed via system dynamics. The SD model was developed in Vensim PLE package program. Passenger flow was defined as rate, and stations are defined as stock. Managers would change timing according to time, and effects of these changes can be observed via the model.

Shortest Route Application via Dynamic Programming in the Transportation Networks

The purpose of this study is to develop an application for finding the shortest path in the transportation sector. The application was developed using the dynamic programming method in MS Excel Visual Basic application. These types of problems are also called stagecoach problems. The purpose of the problem is finding the shortest path between the starting point (node) and the destination point. Values are related to the roads in the network to specify the distance between two nodes. In case of a small number of nodes (activities), a solution can be reached by evaluating all options. But the number of possible options to be scanned for real problems is quite large. In such cases, a suitable method is needed for the solution. It can produce effective solutions with the dynamic programming approach.

Decision Support Approach for Assessing of Rail Transport

As part of the certification process for a new rail transport system, one of the essential steps is to examine, from a safety point of view, that the system (and its technical and human environment) satisfies the regulatory requirements of safety and in particular that it can in no case be a source of risk for travelers. This intellectual process by which a certification expert assesses a situation, predicts an event, or makes a decision is often difficult to model in the form of reliable and definitive algorithms. This difficulty can be partially overcome by using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. In order to improve the usual approaches to analysis and evaluation of safety studies used in the context of certification, this chapter presents several methods and tools based on AI techniques and in particular on knowledge acquisition methods, supervised machine learning (SML), case-based reasoning (CBR), and knowledge-based systems (KBS).