Cognitive and Executive Disorders in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Comorbid with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Evidence of Mindfulness

The present text carries out a characterization of the anomalous functioning of cognitive and emotional processes governed by the guidelines of a central dysexecutive control, modulated by persistent, negligent, and sometimes insensitive patterns to command lines of detection of external stimuli and required adjustment of focus according to changing keys of a demanding task-oriented context. Rumination as a metacognitive process, once anarchic, is in a domain-free domain capable of usurping memory and attentional resources by retrieving them to the self-referential self, making it a preferred focus of relevance. The ruminative process, slipping into the conscious network normally alert, is incessantly overwritten until it colonizes it, makes it neglect its tasks of observation and surveillance, to instead, abstract it from the outside world and overturn it in a kind of inflated self-absorption or hyper-augmented self-consciousness. The cognitive rumination is postulated as the polymorphic process that serves as a base substrate to explain the logic of appearance and maintenance of both obsessive-compulsive disorder and major depression, these diagnostic entities being the expression of the same polymorphic process. Turned to the future in the TOC and to the past in the TDM. Finally, a review is made of the evidence that the practice of mindfulness has reported in reducing rumination.

The Relationship Between Creativity and Intrusive Rumination Among Chinese Teenagers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Emotional Resilience as a Moderator

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has not only resulted in immeasurable life and property losses worldwide but has also impacted individuals’ development, especially teenagers. After the COVID-19 pandemic, individual rumination as an important cognitive process should be given more attention because of its close associations with physical and mental health. Previous studies have shown that creativity as an antecedent variable can predict people’s mental health or adaptation. However, few studies have focused on the relationship between creativity and individual cognitive rumination after traumatic events, and the mechanism underlying this relationship remains unclear. By using the Runco Ideational Behavior Scale (RIBS), the Event Related Rumination Inventory, and the Questionnaire of Adolescent Emotional Resilience, the current study explored the relationship between creativity and intrusive rumination among 1488 Chinese teenagers during the COVID-19 pandemic and analyzed the moderating effect of emotional resilience on the relationship. The results showed that creativity, as assessed by the RIBS, was positively related to teenagers’ intrusive rumination, which implied that a higher level of creative performance could predict more intrusive rumination. Moreover, emotional resilience acted as a moderator in the relationship between creativity and intrusive rumination; the correlation was stronger when emotional resilience was low. These findings provide more evidence of the relationship between creativity and mental health and show the effect of this traumatic event on teenagers.

0180 Sleep, Sleepiness, and Sleep Hygiene Related to Nomophobia (No Mobile Phone Phobia)

Introduction Previously, active phone use at bedtime has been implicated in disrupted sleep and related complaints. To improve sleep, a recommendation following such findings is limiting phone use before and during bedtime. However, for those with the characteristic of “nomophobia”, fear of being out of mobile phone contact, this recommendation could exacerbate anxiety at and around bedtime and disrupt, rather than improve, sleep. In 2012, an estimated 77% of 18-24-year-olds could be identified as nomophobic. Because of the prevalence of nomophobia and its possible interaction with sleep, we explored the existence of nomophobia in a college-age population and its relationship to sleep, sleepiness, and sleep hygiene behaviors. Methods 327 university students (age: M=19.7 years, SD=3.78) recruited from introductory psychology courses and campus newsletters were given extra credit or a chance to win $25 gift cards for participation. Participants completed demographic information, the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, questions regarding associated features of inadequate sleep hygiene, and the Sleep Hygiene Index. Additional sleep hygiene questions assessed frequency of active and passive technology use during sleep time. Results 89.4% of the participants had moderate or severe nomophobia. Greater nomophobia was significantly related to greater daytime sleepiness (ESS) (r(293)=.150, p<.05), associated features of poor sleep (daytime sleepiness: r(297)=.097, p<.05, and avolition: r(297)=.100, p<.05), more maladaptive sleep hygiene behaviors including active technology use during sleep time (r(298)=.249, p<.05), long daytime naps, inconsistent wake and bed times, using bed for non-sleep purposes, uncomfortable bed, and bedtime cognitive rumination (r’s=0.097 to 0.182). Conclusion Most participants experienced moderate to severe nomophobia with greater nomophobia associated with greater sleepiness, avolition, and poorer sleep hygiene. Nomophobia is likely to be an important consideration when treating sleep disorders and/or making any sleep hygiene recommendations. Support Hendrix College Charles Brewer Fund for Psychology

Impact of abusive supervision climate on employees’ prohibitive voice behavior through abusive supervision and cognitive rumination: A case of Pakistan

The current paper focused on investigating the role an Abusive Supervision Climate (ASC) plays in Prohibitive Voice behavior of workers in Pakistani service industry. Sample from 330 pairs of supervisors and subordinates was collected from public sector banks, universities and hospitals. It was identified that social learning from the climate is a significant source of learned abusive behavior which leads to rumination and voice behavior in employees. Keywords: Abusive supervision climate, abusive supervision, cognitive rumination, prohibitive voice behavior.

Emotional Dysregulation as a Factor of Psychosomatic Disturbances in Depression and Cardiovascular Pathology (Analytical Review of Foreign Literature)

The review presents data on cognitive processes of emotional regulation, which are the result of the interaction of the activity of the prefrontal cortex and emotional centers, as the most important pathogenetic link in the psychosomatic relations of depressive and cardiovascular diseases. The neuroanatomical substrate of emotional regulation is the connection between emotional and cognitive processes, which are carried out through bidirectional neuronal interactions between the neocortex and emotional centers. This connection allows emotional centers to modulate cortical activity, and cognitive centers, through descending cortical influences, to modulate the processing of emotions. At present, direct and indirect connections of the frontal cortex with the centers of the autonomic nervous system and its stimulating sympathetic and inhibitory parasympathetic influences have been confirmed. Pathogenetic links of emotional dysregulation include neurobiological and cognitive (rumination, fixation on negative information) processes. The pathophysiological mechanisms of depression and cardiovascular diseases have common links - the dysregulation of the metabolic, immunological and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal systems. The tendency to negative emotional response, the prevalence of negative emotions and alexithymia (low awareness of emotions) stand out as predictors of the development of both cardiovascular diseases and depression. Studies aimed at studying the typology and meaning of emotional dysregulation in various forms of psychopathological disorders in the aspect of comorbidity and psychosomatic relationships with somatic diseases can be fruitful in terms of finding new approaches to diagnosis and therapy.

Validación preliminar de una guía de evaluación transdiagnóstica para Estrés, Ansiedad y Depresión (Preliminary validation of a transdiagnostic guide for stress, anxiety and depression assessment)

ResumenEl objetivo fue desarrollar y validar preliminarmente una guía de evaluación transdiagnóstica como herramienta para mejorar los procesos de evaluación en casos de ansiedad, estrés y depresión a partir de las variables perfeccionismo, rumiación cognitiva, afecto positivo y negativo, sensitividad ansiosa e intolerancia a la incertidumbre. Se efectuó un estudio de tipo cuantitativo empírico analítico de corte transversal instrumental, en el que a partir de las investigaciones consultadas se realizó el diseño de la guía clínica y una posterior indagación de sus propiedades mediante índices de confiabilidad por armonía interjueces y validez de contenido. Los participantes fueron dos jueces invitados conocedores de la materia expertos en evaluación transdiagnóstica. Se diseñó un instrumento de evaluación y calificación de la guía, conformada por un formato de evaluación en cual se plantearon una serie de ítems que permitían evaluar el cumplimiento de los objetivos, la claridad, rigurosidad científica y el procedimiento. En los resultados, se obtuvo un coeficiente de correlación intraclase de .62 considerado moderado. Se concluyó que la guía presenta validez de contenido preliminar y se considera pertinente para iniciar el proceso de pilotaje de tal forma que se pueda identificar la eficacia terapéutica de la misma.Palabras clave: Estrés, ansiedad, depresión, transdiagnóstico, evaluación, guía.Preliminary validation of a transdiagnostic guide for stress, anxiety and depression assessmentAbstractThe objective was to develop and validate a preliminary transdiagnostic guide as a tool to improve the assessment processes in cases of anxiety, stress and depression from the variables perfectionism, cognitive rumination, positive and negative affect, anxiety sensitivity and intolerance to uncertainty. A quantitative empirical analytical study was carried out with an instrumental cross sectional design. The clinical guide was designed based on transdiagnostic studies and assessed by interjudge agreement and validity of content indexes. Therefore, the participants were two expert judges in the field of transdiagnostic evaluation. The instrument for the evaluation and qualification of the guide was designed including items to evaluate the objectives fulfilment, the clarity, scientific rigor and the procedure. In the results, an intraclass correlation coefficient of .62 was considered moderate. It was concluded that the guide presents validity of preliminary content and is considered pertinent to start the piloting process in such a way that the therapeutic efficacy of the guide can be identified.Keywords: Stress, anxiety, depression, transdiagnostic, assessment, guide.

Post-Event Processing across Multiple Anxiety Presentations: Is it Specific to Social Anxiety Disorder?

Background: Post-event processing (PEP) occurs when individuals engage in cognitive rumination following an event or interaction. Although the relation between PEP and social anxiety has been clearly demonstrated, it remains unclear whether PEP is limited to individuals with elevated social anxiety, or if it is also problematic among people with other anxiety presentations. Aims: The present study assessed PEP after the first session of group cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) in individuals with a variety of anxiety presentations. Method: Participants with a principal diagnosis of SAD (N = 25), those diagnosed with a principal other anxiety disorder with comorbid SAD (N = 18), and those with principal other anxiety diagnoses with no SAD (N = 43) completed baseline measures of social anxiety severity and state anxiety at their first session of CBT and measures of PEP one week later. Results: Participants with a principal diagnosis of SAD experienced the most PEP in the week following the first CBT session, while those with no comorbid SAD experienced the least. Those with comorbid SAD experienced intermediate levels of PEP. The strongest predictor of PEP was state anxiety during the first session. Conclusions: Results suggest that PEP is more problematic for clients with SAD as part of their clinical presentation. Clinical and theoretical implications are discussed.