A Bridge between Psychoanalysis and Neuroscience: An Overview of the Neurobiological Effects of Psychoanalytical Psychotherapy

This study sets out to investigate the mechanisms by which psychoanalytical psychotherapy can induce neurobiological changes. From Neuroscience which, in accordance with his thinking at the time, Freud never disregarded, the concepts of neuronal plasticity, enriched environment and the neurobiological aspects of the attachment process. From Psychoanalysis, the theory of transference, M. Mahler’s psychological evolution model, the concept of the regulating function of the self-objects and Winnicott’s holding environment concept. Together these provide a useful bridge toward the understanding of the neurobiological changes resulting from psychoanalytical psychotherapy. One concludes that psychoanalytical psychotherapy, through transference, acts as a new model of object relation and learning which furthers the development of certain brain areas, specifically, the right hemisphere, and the prefrontal and limbic cortices, which have a regulating function on affects.

The Inevitable Contingency of Ethics on Theistic Foundations

In this article, the author examines the dependence of ethics on theistic foundations. The Western conception is that ethics is a result of a natural evolutionary process. The Modern West has never accepted or believed in any ethical system governed by religion, and modernity has tried to establish that the universal moral principles are independent of any metaphysical context. The modernity project and rising secularization have taken charge of the field, and religious significance has gone absent from the mainstream, on account of which many challenges have occurred in moral and ethical matters. We will also examine whether Modern Western Civilization has established an ethical code independent of religion and whether we should follow the Western Model, if any. Moreover, this article examines how ethics is a cause and consequence of the development of personality, and no ethical system is ever there without any religious foundations. Human beings are built on the essence of servitude, and virtues evolve from the foundation of servitude. Another area the article focuses on is the challenges faced by the Muslims and how Modern Western Civilization made morality appears as a result of social and psychological evolution. We also study the possibility and impossibility of Good without an omniscient and omnipotent authority. The absoluteness of moral principles and values and the necessity of consciousness are also discussed in this article.

Modern documentary in the age of virtual reality: Deapening engagement with nonfiction storytelling through technological innovation

After decades of research, technological development as well as few discouraging setbacks, virtual reality (VR) appears to be on the cusp of its settled adoption. The incorporation of VR technology into the palette of everyday communication media is not only exciting for filmmakers and game designers, but also for every manner of storytellers: documentarians, journalists, educators, scientists – all professions involved in clarifying surrounding us reality and communicating about it. They all discovered that social change can be valuably stimulated by development of new technology – technology that serves in the same time as a classic medium to communicate and spread this news around. Considering the factors enabling us to capture and disseminate “a true story” in a highly captivating, immersive way (which previously has been preserved exclusively for entertainment and commercial productions), we should mention at least 3 crucial elements: technological innovation, psychological evolution of the viewer, application of VR beyond storytelling. The first two factors mutually interact and play off each other in terms of the changing threshold of perceptual tolerance as well as rising needs of the new spectator. The first part of this paper deals with the interdependency of these two elements. Structured conclusions will be enumerated as a practical reference for VR storytelling productions. The second part of the paper will deal with the third element enumerating the most inspiring cases from recent years – eye-openers for instigating social change, adding value and promoting wellbeing via VR technology. The engagement of VR in social change, innovation and nonfiction storytelling introduced the VR technology within the current media palette. It not only changes the nature of storytelling about reality, but fulfills the story that our reality builds.

Authority, Sexual Maturity, Homosexuality, ‘Canes’, ‘Cudgels’, ‘Swords’ and ‘Staffs’ in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s «My Kinsman, Major Molineux»

In this paper I endeavour to revise the psychological approach employed by many literary critics to analyse Nathaniel HawthorneKs short story "My Kinsman, Major Molineux". I pay special attention to the relevance of the symbolism of the names of the tools and weapons which the different characters of the story brandish to emphasise their sense of authority, sexual maturity and adulthood in public. The images of these weapons and tools appear to represent Freudian phallic symbols, a fact that contributes to reaffirming the validity of the psychological approach for this story. This present study concentrates on the relationship between the theme of authority and the theme of adulthood, as well as on the analysis of the psychological evolution that the protagonist, Robin, goes through in order to achieve what both Hawthorne and the very protagonist believe sexual maturity and adulthood consist of. I also speculate on the possibility that, consciously or unconsciously, Hawthorne could have had the idea of ridiculing the image of the uncle figure in "My Kinsman, Major Molineux". Some biographers and critics have said that Hawthorne went through the humiliation of being sexually abused by his uncle Robert Manning when he was a young boy. Hawthorne could have used this short story to take his personal revenge.Keywords: American literature, Nathaniel Hawthorne, "My Kinsman, Major Molineux", homosexuality, sexual maturity, father figure, phallic symbols, masculinity.RESUMENEn este artículo se pretende hacer una revisión del enfoque psicológico utilizado por muchos críticos para analizar el cuento "My Kinsman, Major Molineux" de Nathaniel Hawthorne. Se presta especial atención a la importancia del simbolismo de los nombres de las herramientas y armas que empuñan los distintos personajes del cuento para reafirmar públicamente su sentido de autoridad, su madurez sexual y su condición de adulto. Las imágenes que parecen transmitir tales armas y herramientas representan símbolos fálicos, un hecho que contribuye a confirmar la validez del enfoque psicológico para este cuento. El presente estudio se centra en las relaciones existentes entre el tema de la autoridad y el tema de la madurez, así como en el análisis de la evolución que su protagonista, Robin, sufre hasta alcanzar lo que tanto para Hawthorne como para el mismo protagonista constituye la madurez sexual y cronológica. Asimismo se contempla la posibilidad de que a nivel consciente o inconsciente Hawthorne pudiera haber tenido la intención de ridiculizar la figura del tío en "My Kinsman, Major Molineux". Algún biógrafo y crítico ha afirmado que el joven Hawthorne llegó a sufrir la humillación de sufrir abusos sexuales por parte de su tío carnal Robert Manning y que podría haber hecho uso de este cuento para vengarse de la afrenta.Palabras clave: Literatura norteamericana, Nathaniel Hawthorne, "My Kinsman, Major Molineux", homosexualidad, madurez sexual, figura paterna, símbolos fálicos, masculinidad.

DIALEKTIKA AL-QUR'AN DENGAN POLA PIKIR KEBERAGAMAAN MASYARAKAT ARAB: Analisis Psiko-Sosial

This article discusses the mindset of Arab society towards religion which is answered and it was changed after the Koran came. This relationship is dialectic, the Arab community as khitab al-Quran. The approach used by the social history of social psychoanalysis. With this approach, this article found some important conclusions. (1) Social history emphasizes that geographic factors, psychological, and social culture have shaped their social siko. Psycho-social impact on their perspectives on God and Religion. God was related to a god (dewa) who can help the biological necessities of life, although not psychologically soothing. As the unsound of the psico-social condition, the way they understand the religions is not correct. They profess religion, somehow does not feel the presence of God. The more they worship Gods, the more discrepancies, social injustices, and tyranny happen. Responding to that matter, the Quran apply persuasive method as the advice (al-din al-nasihah), and discussion (jidal) as their way of thought on religion. (2) The Qur'an came alter their patterns of psychological evolution, from an-nafs al-ammara as bi-su society into an-nafs al-lawwamah, until in the end, they had a quiet soul (an-nafs al-Mutmainnah)

Psycho-Pedagogical Support of Schoolchildren in the Educational Process in the Context of Transition to the FGOS (by the Example of Primorye Territory): Problems and Prospects

The paper deals with challenges of the modern system of national education, which result in the situation, where, on the one hand, the defi ciency of cognitive processes arbitrariness and minimal brain dysfunction in some children are deepening, while, on the other hand, the scientists point to sound evidence of accelerating psychological evolution and growth of numbers of gifted children. Meanwhile, the Federal Educational Standards are designed for children with normal level of intellectual development. To address this contradiction, the author proposes to introduce the system of in-house psycho- pedagogical support of students in the secondary school. By the example of adaptive schools the author shows, that the said gap can be successfully overcome. Based on the analysis of regulatory documents relating to issues of psychological and pedagogical support of students in the educational process at schools in Primorye Territory, it is concluded, that students, educated according to the new FGOS, lack the full-scale qualifi ed psychological and educational assistance in the educational process. The ways to address this challenge are proposed.

Psychological recommendations in the massive weight loss for patients after bariatric surgery in public service outpatient in Southeast Brazil

IntroductionBariatric surgery is a procedure that results in a complex network of emotional experiences. One of the objectives of surgery is to bring about an improvement in the quality of life. Many patients fail because of psychological difficulties, a fact that reinforces the need for specific studies on the psychological dynamic.Objectiveto understand the meanings for patients when undergoing bariatric surgery.MethodClinical-qualitative method.ResultsThe main emotional experiences are social re-insertion, personal acceptance, the risk of disillusion with the results of surgery, recovery of self esteem, improvement in quality of life and in body image.ConclusionsIt is important to identify those aspects of a patients’ psychological make-up which would be expected to improve or worsen their prognosis, and to provide the necessary pre- and post-operative psychosocial counselling. We offer some markers to assist the health professionals, which will allow an appropriate psychosocial plan to be developed and help the health team to identify factors that may affect prognosis. We propose some recommendations for a better psychological evolution: psychotherapy focusing on improving self-esteem; identifying feelings of shame related to a greater exposure; identifying how patients deal with feelings of competitiveness, envy and jealousy; assessing if obesity has defensive function; providing realistic parameters with regards the results of surgery; distinguishing between realistic necessity for plastic surgery and unreal expectations; observation of deviations to other compulsions; acceptance of skin folds and scars; clarifying the misunderstanding between emotional and physical hunger; confidence in own ability to adopt new behavioural models.