THEMATIC CONTENT ANALYSIS OF OPEN ENDED QUESTION IN A STUDY TO EVALUATE EFFICACY OF EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM ON KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE HANDLERS IN A MEDICAL COLLEGE

AIMS: To carry out Thematic Content Analysis of open ended question in a study to evaluate efcacy of educational program on knowledge and practices of Biomedical Waste Handlers in a medical college Study design: Exploratory study Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Medical College Pune from June 2019 to December 2020 METHODOLOGY: A total of 37 reviews were received. Many answers were in Hindi, Marathi, English and Roman Hindi (Transliteration of Hindi in Roman Script) and thus were transcribed to English. Useless data was excluded and codication of data was carried out. Themes were generated from these data and Thematic Content Analysis was carried out. RESULTS: The themes prominently noticed were “positive feedback of the training program”, “suggestions for better training”, and “suggestions for better outcomes”. 10% of the feedbacks were appreciative of the Instructor, 10% of the feedbacks were appreciative of the conduct of class, and 17% of the suggestions revealed that these programs are indeed helpful and created awareness. 24% of the feedback received revealed that the gain of knowledge from such program is directly associated with performance. 14% of the feedbacks laid emphasis on Hands on Training, 17% feedback reected that the timing, duration and initiation of the program should be suited to the participants, and 7% of the suggestions demanded a need for certication of such a program. CONCLUSION: Causes for poor participation to offer suggestion should be evaluated to ensure better feedback and also to know the exact cause of lassitude – whether organic or systematic. Despite a few inadequacies, the program was much appreciated with a positive peer to peer feedback.

Historiography of life and creative path of the devotee of the Crimean Tatar literature and enlightenment Y. N. Baiburtlu

This article gives a brief overview of the life and creative heritage of the figure of Crimean Tatar literature and enlightenment of the early XX century Yahya-Naji Bayburtlu (1876-1943). The author introduces into the scientific discourse the poorly studied biographical and bibliographic archival materials, which include the prewar literary and historiographical texts transliterated from the Arabic script to the Roman script. The article also employs the reminiscences of the relatives and contemporaries of Y. N. Baiburtlu that have been published in modern national press and give a better perspective of the creative path and environment of Y. N. Baiburtlu: the newspaper article of the writer's daughter Niyara Baiburtlu, autobiographical texts of the prominent Crimean Tatar publicistic writer Shamil Alyadinov. The methodological framework is comprised of the biographical, comparative-typological, and meta-critical analysis. The theoretical framework is based on the works of Arslan Krichinsky, Cemil Kermenchikli, Ismail Kerimov, Dmitry Ursu, Natalia Yablonovskaya, Mukhiddin Khairuddinov, Enisa Abibullayeva. Therefore, the overview of the life and literary-enlightenment activity of Y. N. Baiburtlu reveals his creative personality, outlines the prospects for the aspectual research of his biography as a writer and playwright, translator of literary works, public figure, and enlightener of his time. The author believes that the examination of the versatile literary-pedagogical heritage may significantly enrich the scientific representations of the traditions, factors of development and formation of the Crimean Tatar literary elite of the prewar period in Crimea.

THE ISSUE OF THE INTRODUCTION OF JAWI SCRIPT AND KHAT IN SEKOLAH JENIS KEBANGSAAN (SJK) FROM UNDERGRADUATES’ PERCEPTION

Jawi script and Khat are a Malay heritage and cultural tradition with high artistic value. For centuries both were used as mediums of communication in everyday life in Nusantara especially in the Malay Peninsula before this role was replaced by the Roman script. The effort to revive the Jawi script and Khat by introducing them in Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (SJK) has given rise to issues and opinions from various parties. This study, therefore, was aimed at exploring the perception of undergraduates on the issue. This study was in the form of a survey and utilised the questionnaire method. A total of 326 first semester undergraduates of Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) drawn from various faculties and ethnic backgrounds responded to 21 questions in the questionnaire regarding the implementation of Jawi and Khat in Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (SJK) Descriptive analysis of the findings showed eight questionnaire items generating 80% or more agreement which proved that the respondents viewed Jawi script and Khat as a unique artistic element capable of inculcating unity. Although both reflect Islamic and Malay history and identity, Jawi script and Khat are suitable to be introduced in schools since these develop various skills and at the same time enable students to produce and diversify creative works in written form.

De invloed van het Nederlands op contacttalen in zeventiende-eeuws Taiwan1

In 1624, the Dutch East India Company (VOC) arrived on the island of Taiwan and established a trading post there, which would continue to function until 1662. During this period, Dutch missionaries came to the island with the intention of proselytizing the indigenous Formosan peoples. They built churches and schools and translated Gospels and catechisms into Formosan languages. Over time, language policy changed and there was a concerted effort to teach the indigenous people Dutch. Many Chinese, including traders, fishermen and farmers, also went to Taiwan in this period. To support its investment on the island, the VOC implemented a system of tax-farming among the Chinese, who eventually numbered some 50,000. In this article, an attempt is made to analyse the linguistic consequences of contact between the Dutch on the one hand and the Formosans and Chinese on the other hand. The first of these is that the Dutch taught Formosans to write using a modified Roman script. The Formosans continued to use this script long after the Dutch had been expelled in 1662. Second, Dutch missionaries translated texts into two Formosan languages, Siraya and Favorlang. Since 1662, both languages have died out and so the Dutch texts are among the few sources which allow scholars to study these languages. Third, because of contact with Chinese tax-farmers, at least two Dutch loanwords have been adopted by local Sinitic varieties, both of which function as productive morphemes. Furthermore, one of these words has its own Chinese character. In short, this article aims to illustrate how contact with Dutch influenced other languages in Taiwan and thus to contribute to our understanding of the consequences of contact between Dutch and other languages in East Asia.SamenvattingIn 1624 arriveerde de Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC) op het eiland Taiwan en vestigde daar een handelspost, Fort Zeelandia, die tot 1662 zou blijven functioneren. Het hoofddoel van de VOC was het drijven van handel met China en eveneens het oprichten van een stophaven voor schepen onderweg tussen Batavia en de VOC-handelsposten in Japan (Hirado 1609-41; Decima vanaf 1641). In hun kielzog kwamen Nederlandse missionarissen in deze periode naar het eiland met de bedoeling, de inheemse Formosanen te bekeren tot het protestantisme. De VOC bouwde kerken en scholen en de missionarissen vertaalden Bijbelteksten en catechismussen in Formosaanse talen, die behoren tot de Austronesische taalfamilie, waartoe o.a. het Maleis en het Tagalog eveneens behoren. In de loop van de tijd veranderde het taalbeleid van de VOC en werd er een gezamenlijke inspanning geleverd om de inheemse bevolking Nederlands te leren. In 1649 stonden er 315 dorpen onder het gezag van de VOC, die 68.675 inwoners telden. Vóór de Nederlandse periode woonden er zo’n 10.000 Chinezen op Taiwan, waarvan de meerderheid handelaren, vissers, piraten en smokkelaars was. In die periode gingen veel andere Chinezen, waaronder veel landarbeiders, naar het eiland. Zij kwamen vooral uit de zuidelijke Chinese provincies Fujian en Guangdong. Om haar investeringen op het eiland te ondersteunen, voerde de VOC een pachtsysteem onder de Chinezen in.In dit artikel wordt een poging gedaan om de gevolgen betreffende de taal te analyseren van het contact tussen de Nederlandse taal enerzijds en de Formosaanse talen en regionale Sinitische talen anderzijds. Drie gevolgen zullen specifiek onder de loep worden genomen. Ten eerste hebben de Nederlandse missionarissen Formosanen geleerd met Latijnse letters te schrijven. Na 1662 bleven de Formosanen dit schriftsysteem om praktische redenen gebruiken tot in de negentiende eeuw. Ten tweede vertaalden de Nederlandse missionarissen christelijke teksten in twee Formosaanse talen, het Siraya en het Favorlangs, die inmiddels zijn uitgestorven. Daarom vormen deze teksten een belangrijke bron voor de hedendaagse studie van die talen, en ook voor de nakomelingen van deze Formosanen die nu proberen het gebruik van het Siraya nieuw leven in te blazen. Ten derde bestaat er als gevolg van het contact tussen de Nederlanders en Chinese pachters een klein aantal toponiemen en leenwoorden, en een nieuw ‘dialectkarakter’ in twee Sinitische talen opgenomen: het Mandarijn en het Taiwanees Zuidelijk Min ofwel het Taiwanees Hokkien. Kortom, dit artikel doet een poging om een aantal van de gevolgen betreffende de taal van de Nederlandse kolonisatie van Taiwan in de zeventiende eeuw aan te tonen en daarmee iets bij te dragen aan onze kennis van de invloed van het Nederlands buiten de Lage Landen, vooral in Oost-Azië.

AUTOMATIC NUMBER PLATE RECOGNITION FOR DIFFERENT FONTS AND NON-ROMAN SCRIPT

According to survey taken the total number of vehicles in [1] India were 260 million. Therefore, there is a need to develop Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) systems [1] in India because of the large number of vehicles travelling on the roads. [1] It would also help in proper tracking of the vehicles, traffic examining, finding stolen vehicles, supervising parking toll and imposing strict actions against red light breaching. Automatic number plate recognition is image processing technique for finding number plate from image and extracting characters from detected number plate. ANPR in India has always been challenging due to different lighting conditions, changes in fonts, shapes, angles, letters size, number of lines and padding between lines, different languages used. In our project we proposed a model that can detects number plate with considering all irregularities. this system uses Computer vision and machine learning technology in order to detect number plate from image. In our proposed system number plate can be of different fonts and non-roman script. For identification of characters from number plate we use OCR (Optical character recognition) technique. OCR involves two parts: Character segmentation and Character Recognition. This OCR system can be used to extract characters of different fonts and non-roman script. The Quality of OCR depends on the quality of image, image contrast, text font style and size. To improve quality of OCR we can use image processing technique to enhance quality of image.

Nominal Inflection of the Tutsa Language

North-East is a hub of many ethnic languages. This region constitutes with eight major districts; like-Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, Meghalaya and Sikkim. Tutsa is a minor tribe of Arunachal Pradesh. The Tutsa was migrated from the place ‘RangkhanSanchik’ of the South-East Asia through ‘Hakmen-Haksan’ way to Arunachal Pradesh. The Tutsa community is mainly inhabited in Tirap district and southern part of Changlang district and a few people are co-exists in Tinsukia district of Assam. The Tutsa language belongs to the Naga group of Sino-Tibetan language family. According to the Report of UNESCO, the Tutsa language is in endangered level and it included in the EGIDS Level 6B. The language has no written literature; songs, folk tales, stories are found in a colloquial form. They use Roman Script. Due to the influence of other languages it causes lack of sincerity for the use of their languages in a united form. Now-a-days the new generation is attracted for using English, Hindi and Assamese language. No study is found till now in a scientific way about the language. So, in this prospect the topic Nominal Inflection of the Tutsa Language has been selected for study. It will help to preserve the language and also help in making of dictionary, Grammar and language guide book.

Query Expansion for Tansliterated Text Retrieval

With Web 2.0, there has been exponential growth in the number of Web users and the volume of Web content. Most of these users are not only consumers of the information but also generators of it. People express themselves here in colloquial languages, but using Roman script (transliteration). These texts are mostly informal and casual, and therefore seldom follow grammar rules. Also, there does not exist any prescribed set of spelling rules in transliterated text. This freedom leads to large-scale spelling variations, which is a major challenge in mixed script information processing. This article studies different existing phonetic algorithms to handle the issue of spelling variation, points out the limitations of them, and proposes a novel phonetic encoding approach with two different flavors in the light of Hindi transliteration. Experiments performed over Hindi song lyrics retrieval in mixed script domain with three different retrieval models show that proposed approaches outperform the existing techniques in a majority of the cases (sometimes statistically significantly) for a number of metrics like nDCG@1, nDCG@5, nDCG@10, MAP, MRR, and Recall.

Slovenski eksonimi skozi prizmo prvega slovenskega pravopisa

Članek z vidika eksonimov analizira prvi slovenski pravopis v slovenskem jeziku, ki ga je leta 1899 izdal Fran Levec. Analiza je pokazala, da se je Levec eksonimov zelo dobro zavedal, čeprav zanje še ni uporabil terminologije, ki jo poznamo danes. Osredinil se je predvsem na eksonime v okolici slovenskega jezikovnega območja, predvsem na matično državo Avstro-Ogrsko in sosednje dežele. V pravopisu pa ni nobenih imen iz nelatiničnih pisav in imen v latinici zunaj Evrope. Članek na koncu navaja slovenske eksonime, ki jih temeljna strokovna literatura doslej še ni obravnavala in bi jih bilo smiselno vključiti v Slovar slovenskih eksonimov. // This article analyses the first Slovenian normative guide, published by Fran Levec in 1899, from the perspective of exonyms. The analysis shows that Levec was well acquainted with exonyms, even though he did not yet apply the same terminology as used today to describe them. He primarily focused on exonyms close to the Slovenian linguistic area, especially those in Austria-Hungary and neighboring countries. However, the normative guide does not include any names in non-Roman scripts or any Roman-script names of places outside Europe. The article concludes with a list of Slovenian exonyms that have not yet been examined in seminal specialist literature and that should be included in Slovar slovenskih eksonimov (Dictionary of Slovenian Exonyms).