Baroness Charlotta Castelli Glembay – Was she hypersexual?

Hypersexuality disorder (or sexual addiction or excessive sexual drive or compulsive sexual behaviour disorder) is a controversial condition that is present in the International Classification of Disease but not in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders. It is defined as a clinical syndrome characterised by a persistent pattern of failure to control intense, repetitive sexual impulses or urges resulting in repetitive sexual behaviour. The condition is more prevalent in men than in women. Some medical conditions were described in fictional literature before their formal recognition in medicine, like Huntington disease, Pickwick syndrome, and Munchausen syndrome. The aim of this article is to analyse the fictional character of Charlotta Castelli Glembay from Miroslav Krleža’s play Messrs Glembays from 1928. Krleža presented a woman with a sexual drive that could be described as uncontrollable, organic (physical) in origin, and different from love and affection (that she also experienced, but only with one particular man). The author gave a special name for her condition – erotic intelligence. This sexual behaviour has distressing and devastating consequences. This paper will argue that the play depicts hypersexuality disorder in a woman, with a designation of its aetiology. In concordance with the prevailing attitudes of the time (the early 20th century), hypersexuality in women had negative attributions.

Botaničar Ivo Horvat (1897.– 1963.), rad na Botaničkom zavodu Veterinarskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu

Prof. dr. sc. Ivo Horvat poznati hrvatski znanstvenik i botaničar međunarodnog ugleda rođen je u Čazmi 7. listopada 1897. Iz njegove neprocjenjive znanstvene i nastavne baštine za ovu je prigodu izdvojen tek malen dio posvećen razdoblju od 11. lipnja 1947. do 23. travnja 1963. u kojem je prof. Horvat radio i boravio na Zavodu za botaniku Veterinarskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Djelovao je u širokom području prirodnih i biomedicinskih veterinarskih znanosti: od sistematske botanike, ekologije i očuvanja okoliša do proučavanja filogenije, florističkih i vegetacijskih istraživanja, uključujući vegetacijsko kartiranje te znanstveno-organizacijski rad. Slijedom bibliografskih i arhivskih izvora originalnih dokumenata, dani podaci kratki su prikaz doprinosa prof. Horvata fitocenološkom radu te pregled znanstvene i obrazovne baštine s naglaskom na godine provedene na Veterinarskom fakultetu.

Economic Crises as a Motive for Change in Health Care Systems – A Historical Perspective with Reference to the COVID-19 Pandemic

Economic crises throughout history have often given an impetus for health and social reforms leading to the introduction of general healthcare systems and social equality in a large number of countries. The aim of this paper is to present the major economic crises and their effect on healthcare and social system chronologically. Bismarck’s and Beveridge’s model, the two most prominent healthcare models, which emerged primarily as a response to major economic crises, constitute the basis for the functioning of most health care systems in the world. An overview of historical events and experiences may be valuable in predicting future developments and potential effects of the crisis on healthcare systems and health in general. An analysis of past crises as well as current health and economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on the healthcare system can facilitate the comprehension of the mechanisms of action and consequences of economic recession. It may also help identify guidelines and changes that might reduce the potential damage caused by future crises. The historical examples presented show that a crisis could trigger changes, which, in theiressence, are not necessarily negative. The response of society as a whole determines the direction of these changes, and it is up to society to transform the negative circumstances brought about by the recession into activities that contribute to general well-being and progress.

Surgical Treatment for Breast Cancer and Axillary Metastases

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy to affect females. The first suggestions of BC and its treatment date back to Ancient Egypt, 1500-1600 B.C. Throughout history, the management of BC has evolved from extensive radical mastectomy towards less invasive treatments. Radical mastectomy was introduced by W.S. Halsted in 1894, involving the resection of the breast, regional lymph nodes, pectoralis major and minor. Despite its mutiloperative lymphatic mapping and the concept of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy (SLNB) have been developed. SLNB has replaced axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) to be the standard procedure for axillary staging in patients with clinically node-negative BC. Many women have since been spared ALND, including those with negative SLNB or with SLNs involved with micrometastases (0.2-2 mm in size). In the last decade, evidence gathered from new clinical trials suggests that ALND may be safely omitted even in BC patients with 1 or 2 positive SLNs if adjuvant radiotherapy is delivered.ating effect, it had been the main surgical approach to BC patients until 1948, when Patey and Dyson proposed its modified form that conserved pectoralis major and minor and the level III of axillary lymph nodes. The latter was associated with less postoperative morbidity and improved quality of life. The idea of limited breast tissue resection was introduced in the 1970s by Umberto Veronesi and led to further minimizations of surgery in BC patients until breast conservation became the standard of care for early-stage disease. In the 1990s, intra

The greek hospital and pharmacies of Smyrna (1723–1922)

From the mid-18th century to the mid-20th century, Greek doctors in Smyrna collaborated with pharmacists, churches, and the city’s Greek Orthodox community to create a state of-the-art health network and charitable foundation to serve physical and mental health needs of the local community. At Graekikon Nosokomion o Agios Haralampos (Greek Saint Charalampos Hospital), or the Greek Hospital, every citizen, regardless of origin, language, religion, or economic status, had access to the most appropriate medical and pharmaceutical care. Neighborhood pharmacists complemented this care by administering vaccinations and preparing medicines. Smyrna’s pivotal influence on the Greek medical community ended in August 1922, when the Greek Hospital was destroyed during the Catastrophe of Smyrna.

Silvio Palazzi (1892-1979), un pioniere della moderna odontoiatria Italiana

Non è facile analizzare una figura complessa come quella di Silvio Palazzi (1892-1979) (fig.1). Senza dubbio fu uno dei personaggi di maggior spicco nel panorama odontostomatologico italiano per circa un cinquantennio, uno dei protagonisti della trasformazione dell’Odontoiatria pionieristica a in quella scientifica, un precursore ed un uomo con una mentalità aperta, dotato di una visione lungimirante. Personalità eclettica, versatile, da certi punti di vista addirittura geniale ma anche imprevedibile, fu al centro della vita accademica e professionale dell’Odontoiatria italiana; pochi possono vantare un’attività didattica, clinica, scientifica come la sua. Divenuto, in età giovanissima, direttore di una clinica che era ancora poco più che un ambulatorio seppe portarla ad un livello di eccellenza che non aveva riscontri in Italia (fig. 2) e che poteva essere paragonato a quello delle grandi cliniche odontoiatriche europee. Fu autore di un “Trattato di Odontologia” (fig. 3 e 4) che ebbe sette edizioni, sui cui si formarono intere generazioni di dentisti, e di oltre cinquecento pubblicazioni scientifiche, in tutti i campi dell’Odontostomatologia; predilesse particolarmente le indagini istologiche ed istochimiche, come spesso ricordava, per avere avuto una preparazione impostata in tal senso dalla sua frequenza presso l’istituto di Patologia Generale di Pavia diretto da Camillo Golgi (1843-1926, Premio Nobel per la Medicina nel 1906). In campo clinico ogni settore della Odontoiatria lo vide attento ed appassionato cultore, in particolare dell’Endodonzia e della Parodontologia. Inoltre, fu un pioniere dell’Implantologia quando questa branca riscuoteva più critiche che successi ed iniziò le ricerche sull’azione profilattica del fluoro quando molti erano contrari. Si batté assiduamente per una differente legislazione odontoiatrica: fu un convinto sostenitore di un Corso di Laurea apposito per la preparazione del futuro odontoiatra, già sin dagli anni Cinquanta: poiché questo progetto sembrava di difficile realizzazione, propose se non altro l’obbligo di una specializzazione post-laurea per garantire una formazione idonea. Accanto a ciò, per il suo modo di porsi spesso aggressivo e polemico si alienò l’amicizia di molti colleghi e si creò numerosi nemici. Certamente fu un personaggio che non può passare inosservato e che merita, ad oltre quaranta anni di distanza dalla morte, una attenta valutazione storica.

Medicina u Osijeku u doba Franje Josipa I.

Austrijski car i hrvatsko-ugarski kralj Franjo Josip I. (1830./1848. – 1916.) bio je najdugovječniji habsburški vladar. U sklopu njegovih posjeda nalazio se i Osijek koji od 1809. uživa status slobodnoga kraljevskoga grada. U promatranome razdoblju sjedište je Virovitičke županije i prijestolnica Kraljevine Slavonije do njezina uklapanja u Trojednu Kraljevinu Hrvatsku, Slavoniju i Dalmaciju nakon Hrvatsko-ugarske nagodbe 1868. Zbog toga Osijek čini ne samo političko, gospodarsko i kulturno već i zdravstveno središte. Na početku vladavine Franje Josipa I. u njemu djeluju dvije bolnice: vojna u baroknoj vojnoj utvrdi Tvrđi i civilna u Novome gradu. Najznačajniju ulogu u daljnjemu razvoju osječkoga i slavonskog zdravstva ima zaklada osnovana 1806. iz ostavština gostioničara Johanna Kolhoffera, kožara Josefa Huttlera i isusovca Cristiana Monspergera. Iako je prvotno bila namijenjena osnivanju sirotišta, zbog brojnih nepogodnih političkih okolnosti, zaklada, uz do tada glavnici višestruko pripisane kamate, pod upravu grada dolazi tek 1867. Novcem iz nje se tada uz sirotište završeno 1868. podiže i nova osječka bolnica otvorena 1874. Huttler-Kohlhoffer-Monspergerova zakladna bolnica bila je najveća i najmodernija bolnica u Trojednoj Kraljevini, a njezina je zgrada, unatoč kasnijim izgradnjama različitih bolničkih odjela, do danas ostala najreprezentativnija građevina u sklopu Kliničkoga bolničkog centra Osijek.

Analysis theorico-practica de viribus virus febriferi, pestiferi, atque serpentin

This review describes the first medical article written by an author from Bosnia and Herzegovina. The article was published by Fr. Franjo Gracić (1740-1799), in Latin, under the title: “Analysis theorico-practica de viribus virus febriferi, pestiferi, atque serpentin”, and printed in Padua in 1795, translated as: “A Theoretical and Practical Presentation of the Effects of Fevers, Infectious Diseases, and Snake Poison”. From today’s standpoint, it may be said that it was a review article about some of the most frequent diseases of that time. The paper is of exceptional importance for the history of medicine in Bosnia and Herzegovina because it is the first documented medical article whose author was from Bosnia and Herzegovina. The paper contains observations of the course of diseases and treatment, in line with the medical insights of the time. The author refers to the authorities of that time, such as Samuel Auguste André Tissot, the Swiss physicist and doctor, Georg Bauer, the German doctor, and Lodovico Antonio Muratori, the Italian scholar, which makes this article a link between Bosnia and Herzegovina and the knowledge of the Europe of that time. This paper represents the beginning of medical writing in Bosnia and Herzegovina and has a very important place in the history of medicine in this country.

Dogodi li se, da žena sama ne doji djeteta? Tko ga onda doji?

U ovom se radu na temelju etnografskih zapisa nastalih u suglasju s Osnovom za sabiranje i proučavanje građe o narodnom životu iz 1897. nastoje dati obrisi osobite prakse vezane uz dojenje djeteta u seoskoj sredini na prijelazu iz 19. u 20. stoljeće. Riječ je o dojenju tuđeg djeteta, odnosno o prepuštanju dojenja ženi koja nije djetetova majka. Etnografskim zapisima iz Zbornika za narodni život i običaje južnih Slavena koji su, s ponekim retrospektivnim uvidima, uglavnom usmjereni na ondašnju suvremenost, pristupa se kao izvorima za etnologiju i povijest svakodnevice. Međusobno povezujući odlomke o dojenju iz različitih zborničkih zapisa, ali i one koji se na dojenje referiraju posredno, tekst među ostalim upućuje na važnost razlikovanja između kontinuiranog davanja djeteta na dojenje zbog bolesti majke ili njezinih problema s dojenjem i povremenog prepuštanja dojenja ženi koja nije djetetova majka poradi majčine privremene, kratkotrajne odsutnosti. Tekst se zanima i pitanjem (materijalne) naknade za dojenje ili njezinim izostankom te, s time povezano, odnosom između nastojanja na zaradi s jedne strane i solidarnosti s druge te eventualnom profesionalizacijom dojenja koja pitanjima iz Osnove nije obuhvaćena, a u samim zapisima je tek naznačena.

Five Depictions of the Circumcision of Jesus Christ from the Croatian Sacral Heritage

Male circumcision has been perceived differently in different cultures. In modern times, if it is a non-medical indication, circumcision becomes the starting point of many ethical and other discussions. Its rootedness in Christianity is fixed, among other things, in sacral art and iconography. This article presents five sacral images of the Circumcision of Christ from the holdings of the Croatian sacral heritage with the aim of noticing their iconographic and sacral-medical values. In this article, it is presented the results of field research related to the identification and medical-iconographic presentation of the motive for the circumcision of Jesus Christ in the area of the northern and central Adriatic coast. Five such paintings have been recorded and will be described and compared with similar works by European masters. These are the works of Venetian and Central European provenance and were created between the 16th and 18th centuries. The basic traditional Jewish iconography is visible in all the paintings but modified according to current religious standards. These depictions from the area of Croatia contextualizing and filling in the gaps in verbal records on this topic in our region fit Croatia into an undoubted component of the European Judeo-Christian heritage and when it comes to rare iconographic depictions.