Evaluation of the disposable masks residues generated during the Covid-19 Pandemic in the district of Barranca [Evaluación de los residuos de mascarillas desechables generados durante la Pandemia de Covid-19 en el distrito de Barranca]

These research deals with the evaluation of disposable mask waste generated during the pandemic. The objective was to determine the amount of disposable mask waste generated in Barranca. It is based on the descriptive method for which, the sample of 50 houses determined by the Kunitoshi method was established and a questionnaire was applied on what attitude it takes when recycling the mask waste, the segregation of the waste was also made to determine its characteristics, quantification per month, per capita and percentage of mask waste per month. It was concluded that the highest percentage of mask residues was in September with 1.44% (1568.95 Kg / 50 houses / month), that is to say that out of 100 Kg of residues, 1.44 kg are of mask; therefore, the proper use and recycling of this material must be taken into account in order to reduce environmental pollution.

Growth evaluation of the microalgae Chlorella sp. with tannery effluent from the soaking stage [Evaluación del crecimiento de la microalga Chlorella sp. con efluente de curtiembre de la etapa de remojo]

This research sought to determine the ideal percentage of soaking water from the tannery industry as a nutrient source for the microalgae Chlorella sp.; evaluating the effect of the initial concentration of 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75% of soaking water in contact with the microalgae in a first phase and a new evaluation with 30, 45 and 60% of soaking water using the adapted microalgae from the first phase into the second. Cell density over time was determined by cell counting in a neubauer chamber until reaching the stationary phase in all samples. The results show that the microalgae adapted to the effluent used present growth kinetics more similar to that of microalgae grown in a conventional medium. In the same way, it was determined that a better cell growth was obtained with a 30% concentration of soaking water. It is concluded that the use of soaking water is an efficient way to cultivate microalgae, thus helping to reduce pollution from tannery effluents.

Influence Modeling and optimization of sulphide removal by catalytic oxidation of tannery fur effluents [Modelamiento y optimización de la remoción de sulfuros por oxidación catalítica de efluentes de pelambre de curtiduría]

The residual effluents from the fur stage of the bovine leather tannery industry are characterized by having a high concentration of sulfides. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of aeration time and pH in the residual effluents of the leather stage of the tannery, with the catalysts MnO2 and MnSO4 separately; as well as, determine adjustment models through the response surface methodology and the optimal intervals of the best conditions that lead to a higher percentage of sulfide removal. For this reason, the sulphide removal percentage was evaluated from samples extracted from the pellet stage, by means of catalytic oxidation treatments; varying the catalyst, pH and aeration time. The catalysts used were manganese dioxide (MnO2) and manganese sulfate (MnSO4) and for each catalyst the pH was varied in the values ​​of 8.5; 9.5; 10.2 and 13.4; likewise, the aeration time was varied in the values ​​of 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210 and 240 minutes. 64 treatments were carried out, with 3 repetitions each, reporting the average values ​​of the sulfide removal percentage. The response surface methodology was used to adjust the correlation of the variables to a quadratic model; Likewise, through contour graphs the regions with the highest percentage of sulfide removal were easily identified and by superimposing contour graphs the optimal ranges of the variables pH and aeration time were determined for removal percentages greater than 98%. Based on this evaluation, it is proposed for treatments with manganese dioxide, aeration times between 160 to 240 min and pH between 8.5 to 9 and for treatments with manganese sulfate, aeration times between 110 to 240 min and pH between 8.5 to 9.8. The coefficients of multiple determination R2 for the models with catalyst MnO2 and MnSO4 were 97.51% and 95.12% respectively. With the MnSO4 catalyst, higher removal percentages were achieved at a shorter aeration time, compared to the treatments carried out with the MnO2 catalyst.

Influence of the plastic law on the consumption of Biodegradable containers in the Peruvian Population [Educación Influencia de la ley de plásticos en el consumo de envases biodegradables en la población peruana]

The pollution is a phenomenon that occurs in every country on the planet, which leads to design strategies to mitigate it. Peru is no stranger to this and generates more than seven and a half million tons of solid waste per year, from which 64% comes from households and the average annual consumption per citizen is 30 kg of plastic. Worrying situation that led the government to approve Law N° 30884 called Law that Regulates Single-use Plastic and Disposable Containers or Containers. The problem was raised: How does the application of the Plastic Law influence the consumption of biodegradable packaging in the population? For this study, a survey was applied to a representative sample made up of randomly chosen consumers in various areas of the country. The results show that despite having carried out campaigns and strategies to stop using plastic bags and tecnopor containers, there are no relevant changes in consumer behavior.

Environmental Education and its relationship with Solid Waste in the High School Miguel Grau from the Paramonga district [Educación Ambiental y su relación con los Residuos Sólidos en la I.E. Miguel Grau del distrito de Paramonga]

This research seeks relationship between Environmental Education and solid waste in the High School Miguel Grau from the Paramonga district, Barranca province. It is worth mentioning that a schedule was developed with the participation of the principal, students, teachers, administrative staff and APAFA. The general objective is to determine how environmental education influences students. During the development of the investigation, a sample of 30 students was taken and questions were asked about recycling, segregation, final disposal and care of the environment. It is a basic cross-sectional type and a descriptive-correlational design was used. The data obtained were processed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Determining the answers to the questions that the majority throws the garbage in the classroom with 40%, throws it in the yard with 36.7%, there is no bin presence 96.6%, does not use a bin 96.6%, does not recycle the garbage 96.6%; in solid waste classification, the majority classify solid, liquid and gaseous 76.67%, organic and inorganic 76.7%, dangerous and non-dangerous with 83.3%, domiciliary with 50%; After learning about environmental care, the results were obtained from the cylinders to be taken to the landfill with 83.3% and organic waste with 50%; in environmental awareness, the majority throws in the cylinders with 66.7% and the presence of cans with 96.7%. What is interpreted that the student becomes aware in the care of the environment and recycles.

Environmental Education and its relationship with Solid Waste in the High School Miguel Grau from the Paramonga district [Educación Ambiental y su relación con los Residuos Sólidos en la I.E. Miguel Grau del distrito de Paramonga]

This research seeks relationship between Environmental Education and solid waste in the High School Miguel Grau from the Paramonga district, Barranca province. It is worth mentioning that a schedule was developed with the participation of the principal, students, teachers, administrative staff and APAFA. The general objective is to determine how environmental education influences students. During the development of the investigation, a sample of 30 students was taken and questions were asked about recycling, segregation, final disposal and care of the environment. It is a basic cross-sectional type and a descriptive-correlational design was used. The data obtained were processed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Determining the answers to the questions that the majority throws the garbage in the classroom with 40%, throws it in the yard with 36.7%, there is no bin presence 96.6%, does not use a bin 96.6%, does not recycle the garbage 96.6%; in solid waste classification, the majority classify solid, liquid and gaseous 76.67%, organic and inorganic 76.7%, dangerous and non-dangerous with 83.3%, domiciliary with 50%; After learning about environmental care, the results were obtained from the cylinders to be taken to the landfill with 83.3% and organic waste with 50%; in environmental awareness, the majority throws in the cylinders with 66.7% and the presence of cans with 96.7%. What is interpreted that the student becomes aware in the care of the environment and recycles.

Decrease in total hardness and amount of chlorides present in well water: influence of the aquatic plants of Phragmites australis and Lemna minor [Disminución de dureza total y cantidad de cloruros presentes en las aguas de pozos: influencia de las plantas acuáticas de Phragmites australis y Lemna minor]

The objective of present work was evaluating the influence Phragmites australis (common reed) and Lemna minor (duckweed) aquatic plants in the reduction of total hardness and chlorides present in the waters of wells of Huanchaquito- Trujillo. They are used by the inhabitants to irrigate crops and own consumption, affecting their health and having low production in their fields. The aquatic plants used for the treatment of well water, according to background, have a high yield in salt absorption which has allowed to decrease the amount of Chlorides and hardness present at the well’s waters of Huanchaquito every 15 days for 8 months. The data obtained in the analyses of the initial samples were: With respect to hardness 542,7 ppm; Cl- amount 300,7 ppm. After the average data obtained for the hardness were of 502,4 ppm with Lemna minor only 537,6ppm, with Phragmites australis only and 489,8 ppm with Lemna minor and Phragmites australis, In terms of the results of chlorides we have: 296,9 ppm with Lemna minor only, 248,8 ppm with Phragmites australis only and 233,8ppm with Lemna minor and Phragmites australis.

Removal of Copper and Cadmium in Wastewater Applying Activated Carbon: A Review of Articles [Remoción de cobre y cadmio en aguas residuales mediante la aplicación de carbón activado: revisión de artículos]

The objective of the investigation was to review the bibliography of articles referring to the elimination of Copper and Cadmium in wastewater by applying activated carbon. The results indicate that the almond achieves better results for the removal of Copper and the rock melon achieve better results for the removal of Cadmium.

Removal of Lead and Zinc in Wastewater Applying Activated Carbon: A Review of Articles [Remoción de plomo y zinc en aguas residuales mediante la aplicación de carbón activado: revisión de artículos]

The objective of the investigation was to review the bibliography of articles referring to the elimination of Lead and Zinc in wastewater by applying activated carbon. The results indicate that the walnut achieves better results for the removal of lead and the apple pulp will achieve better results for the removal of zinc

Reduction of Lead present in the waters of the Tulumayo river through the use of chitosan [Reducción de plomo presente en aguas del rio Tulumayo mediante uso de quitosano]

The research aimed to determine the efficiency of chitosan to decrease the concentration of lead present in the Tulumayo River, Chanchamayo. A pre-sampling was carried out in 8 equidistant points of 20 meters each, in order to find the point with the highest concentration of lead. A sample of 19 liters of water from the Tulumayo River was collected and sent to the laboratory for analysis. Knowing the result (0.121 ppm of lead), 12 treatments of 0.5 L each were made with 3 repetitions respectively, in total 36 samples were treated. 90% acetic acid was used to lower the pH of each sample, allowing it to bubble for 30 minutes, then be filtered. It was treated at different pH and chitosan concentrations. The highest yield was 90% at pH 5 with 0.3g of chitosan.