Energy Metabolism in the Erythrocytes of Premature Infants Compared to Fullterm Newborn Infants and Adults

JAMA ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 184 (13) ◽  
pp. 169
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Newborn Infants

scholarly journals Energy Metabolism in the Erythrocytes of Premature Infants Compared to Full Term Newborn Infants and Adults

Blood ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 755-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
RUTH T. GROSS ◽  
ELEANOR A. R. SCHROEDER ◽  
SUSAN A. BROUNSTEIN
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Pyruvate Kinase ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Percentage Content ◽  
Term Newborn ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Phosphoglyceric Acid ◽  
Term Newborns

Abstract 1. The following aspects of energy metabolism have been compared in the erythrocytes of premature infants, full term newborn infants, and adults: levels of activity of the enzymes involved in the generation and utilization of ATP, and measurements of the content of ATP and of ADP. 2. The levels of activity of hexokinase, phosphoglyceric acid kinase and pyruvate kinase are significantly increased in the erythrocytes of premature and full term newborn infants compared to adults. 3. The level of activity of phosphofructokinase is significantly decreased in the erythrocytes of premature and full term newborn infants compared to adults. 4. In the erythrocytes of premature infants the content of ATP is significantly increased compared to both full term newborns and adults. The content of ADP is not increased. The percentage content of ADP is significantly below the values found in full term newborn infants and adults. 5. In the erythrocytes of full term newborn infants the content of both ATP and ADP is significantly greater than in adults. The ratio of ADP to the total amount of ATP plus ADP does not differ from the adult value.

Oral Vitamin E Supplementation for the Prevention of Anemia in Premature Infants: A Controlled Trial

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zipursky ◽  
E. J. Brown ◽  
J. Watts ◽  
R. Milner ◽  
C. Rand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Erythrocyte Morphology ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vehicle Treatment ◽  
Vitamin E Supplementation

Serum vitamin E levels are reduced in newborn infants. It has been reported that this deficiency is responsible, in part, for the development of anemia in premature infants during the first 6 weeks of life. The efficacy of vitamin E supplementation for the prevention of anemia in premature infants has been studied in a randomized, controlled, and blinded trial. Premature infants whose birth weights were less than 1,500 g were given, by gavage, 25 IU of dl-α-tocopherol or a similar volume of the drug vehicle. Treatment was continued for the first 6 weeks of life. A total of 178 infants were studied. Vitamin E levels were significantly higher in a supplemented group by day 3 and for the remainder of the 6-week period. At 6 weeks of age, there was no significant difference between the supplemented and unsupplemented groups in hemoglobin concentration, reticulocyte and platelet counts, or erythrocyte morphology. It is concluded that there is no evidence to support a policy of administering vitamin E to premature infants to prevent the anemia of prematurity.

Growth Hormone Response to Insulin–Induced Hypoglycemia in Newborn Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 998-999
Author(s):  
S. H. Reisner ◽  
M. Cornblath ◽  
Ronald W. Gotlin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Growth Hormone Response ◽  
Hormone Response ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Hormone Levels

In the article by J. R. Humbert and R. W. Gotlin,1 the authors state that previous reports in which hypoglycemia was induced artificially with insulin demonstrated a variable growth hormone response. They then refer to the paper by Cornblath, et al.2 as reporting a failure to obtain a rise in growth hormone levels. This is incorrect as we found that insulin-induced hypoglycemia actually resulted in a very marked rise in growth hormone levels in both the full-term and premature infants tested.

scholarly journals Early Postnatal Metabolic Profile in Neonates With Different Birth Weight Status: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serdar Beken ◽  
Saygin Abali ◽  
Neslihan Yildirim Saral ◽  
Bengisu Guner ◽  
Taha Dinc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Ponderal Index ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

Introduction: Restricted or enhanced intrauterine growth is associated with elevated risks of early and late metabolic problems in humans. Metabolomics based on amino acid and carnitine/acylcarnitine profile may have a role in fetal and early postnatal energy metabolism. In this study, the relationship between intrauterine growth status and early metabolomics profile was evaluated.Materials and Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted. Three hundred and sixty-one newborn infants were enrolled into the study, and they were grouped according to their birth weight percentile as small for gestational age (SGA, n = 69), appropriate for gestational age (AGA, n = 168), and large for gestational age (LGA, n = 124) infants. In all infants, amino acid and carnitine/acylcarnitine profiles with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were recorded and compared between groups.Results: LGA infants had higher levels of glutamic acid and lower levels of ornithine, alanine, and glycine (p < 0.05) when compared with AGA infants. SGA infants had higher levels of alanine and glycine levels when compared with AGA and LGA infants. Total carnitine, C0, C2, C4, C5, C10:1, C18:1, C18:2, C14-OH, and C18:2-OH levels were significantly higher and C3 and C6-DC levels were lower in SGA infants (p < 0.05). LGA infants had higher C3 and C5:1 levels and lower C18:2 and C16:1-OH levels (p < 0.05). There were positive correlations between free carnitine and phenylalanine, arginine, methionine, alanine, and glycine levels (p < 0.05). Also, a positive correlation between ponderal index and C3, C5-DC, C14, and C14:1 and a negative correlation between ponderal index and ornithine, alanine, glycine, C16:1-OH, and C18:2 were shown.Conclusion: We demonstrated differences in metabolomics possibly reflecting the energy metabolism in newborn infants with intrauterine growth problems in the early postnatal period. These differences might be the footprints of metabolic disturbances in future adulthood.

SURVIVAL OF A ONE-POUND FEMALE INFANT BORN IN 1847

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-253
Author(s):  
T. E. C.
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infants ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Female Infant ◽  
Second Child ◽  
The Past ◽  
First Child ◽  
Accepted Practice

After a thorough literature search of the survival rates of premature infants, I believe the infant described below was the smallest to survive until this century.1 I am mindful that the reported birth weights in the past may have been inaccurate because the weighing of newborn infants was not an accepted practice prior to this century. 2 Mrs. A. (aged 30) weaned her first child on the 17th of November 1846, a fortnight after which (1st December) she menstruated naturally. Two days after the catamenia disappeared (7th December), she conceived, having the same sensations post coitu which she felt at her previous conception. At four months she quickened. She was delivered (by a midwife) of her second child, a female, on the 14th of May 1847-on the hundred and fifty-eighth day of gestation. The child had only rudimentary nails, and almost no hair, except a little, of slightly reddish colour, at the lower part of the back of the head. It weighed one pound, and measured eleven inches. It was merely wrapped up at first, laid in a box about a foot long, used by the father (who is a slater) for carrying nails, and set on the kitchen fender, before the fire, to keep it warm. It came on very well, and was subsequently treated very much the same as other children, except perhaps, that it was a little more looked after than usual, being considered a curiosity. She is still of small make but is quite healthy, and takes her food well.

Hypoglycemia in Small-for-Dates Newborn Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Richard de Leeuw ◽  
Ivan J. de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Disappearance Rate ◽  
Lipid Mobilization ◽  
Cord Blood Glucose

In 24% (18 out of 76) small-for-dates a "significant" though asymptomatic hypoglycemia was demonstrated during the first six hours of life. The cord blood glucose concentration was lower in the hypoglycemic compared to that of the small-for-date normoglycemic group. In the hypoglycemic infants, the disappearance rate of glucose was significantly elevated and the lipid mobilization disturbed. It is suggested that a lack of lipids for energy metabolism increases the glucose expenditure and hence increases the risk for hypoglycemia.

THIS IS NOT HUMANE!

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. A72-A72
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Chest Tubes

. . .many newborn infants do not receive the same consideration that older children or adults receive in an intensive care unit. Many premature infants are subjected to hundreds of heels or finger punctures, have chest tubes inserted and removed, have catheters sutured to their umbilical stump, and undergo intubation, all without receiving any analgesic or sedative. This is not humane and may even be unsafe.

A SEQUENTIAL TRIAL OF THE NONTHERMAL EFFECT OF ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY ON SURVIVAL OF NEWBORN INFANTS OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 719-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Silverman ◽  
Frederic J. Agate ◽  
John W. Fertig
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Atmospheric Humidity ◽  
Sequential Trial

A sequential trial was conducted to study the nonthermal effect of two conditions of humidity on survival of premature infants in the first 5 days of life. No important effect on survival was observed among infants whose body temperatures in moderate and high humidities were kept the same.

LEVELS OF CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN IN THE NEWBORN INFANT AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO ADRENAL DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE

1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
CH. LAURITZEN ◽  
W.-D. LEHMANN
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate ◽  
Low Volume

SUMMARY Chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) concentrations were measured in newborn infants. The levels of HCG were found to be higher in the umbilical vein than in the arteries. The hormone is eliminated within 72 hr. post partum. After the injection of HCG a mean of 3·6% of the administered dose appeared in the urine. The renal clearance was very low (0·006 ml./min.) in the newborn corresponding to the low volume of urinary output. HCG is also excreted in the meconium and in the faeces during the first day of life. Administration of HCG to newborn infants significantly increased the urinary excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone. This rise was even more pronounced in premature infants. It is suggested that HCG is an adrenocorticotrophic hormone in the foetus, regulating the supply of foetal adrenal dehydroepiandrosterone as a precursor for the production of oestrogens in the placenta. The excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone in the urine of the newborn was found to lie between 78 and 277 μg./24 hr. After injection of sodium dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, 5% of the dose was excreted in the urine. Dehydroepiandrosterone was not converted into oestrogens by the newborn.

Brain Stem Auditory-Evoked Responses in Premature Infants

1975 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Schulman-Galambos ◽  
Robert Galambos
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Sound Intensity ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Auditory Function ◽  
Auditory Evoked Responses

Brain stem auditory-evoked responses were recorded in 24 infants ranging in age from six-weeks premature to term. At a given age, the latency of the response increased with decreasing stimulus intensity. Further, as age increased, there was a systematic decrease in latency of the response at each sound intensity level. The response was shown not to be susceptible to fatigue or sleep stage. It may, therefore, be of use for evaluating auditory function in high-risk newborn infants.

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