COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality in Federal and State Prisons Compared With the US Population, April 5, 2020, to April 3, 2021

BACKGROUND Reviews of national and state-specific cancer registries have revealed differences in rates of oral cancer incidence and mortality that have implications for public health research and policy. Many significant associations between head and neck (oral) cancers and major risk factors, such as cigarette usage, may be influenced by public health policy such as smoking restrictions and bans – including the Nevada Clean Indoor Act of 2006 (and subsequent modification in 2011). OBJECTIVE Although evaluation of general and regional advances in public policy have been previously evaluated, no recent studies have focused specifically on the changes to the epidemiology of oral cancer incidence and mortality in Nevada. METHODS Cancer incidence and mortality rate data were obtained from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (DCCPS) Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program. Most recently available rate changes in cancer incidence and mortality for Nevada included the years 2012 – 2016 and are age-adjusted to the year 2000 standard US population. Comparisons of any differences between Nevada and the overall US population were evaluated using Chi square analysis. RESULTS This analysis revealed that the overall rates of incidence and mortality from oral cancer in Nevada differs from that observed in the overall US population. For example, although the incidence of oral cancer among Caucasians is increasing in Nevada and the US overall, it is increasing at nearly twice that rate in Nevada, P=0.0002. In addition, although oral cancer incidence among Minorities in the US is declining, it is increasing in Nevada , P=0.0001. Analysis of reported mortality causes revealed that mortality from oral cancer increased in the US overall but declined in Nevada during the same period (2012-2016). More specifically, mortality among both Males and Females in the US is increasing, but is declining in Nevada, P=0.0027. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of the epidemiologic data from Nevada compared with the overall US revealed significant differences in rates of oral cancer incidence and mortality. More specifically, oral cancer incidence increased in Nevada between 2012-2016 among all groups analyzed (Males, Females, White, Minority), while decreases were observed nationally among Females and Minorities. Although mortality in Nevada decreased over this same time period (in contrast to the national trends), the lag time between diagnosis (incidence) and mortality suggests that these trends will change in the near future. CLINICALTRIAL Not applicable

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Prostate Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Barbados, West Indies

Prostate Cancer ◽

10.1155/2011/565230 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Anselm J. M. Hennis ◽

Ian R. Hambleton ◽

Suh-Yuh Wu ◽

Desiree H.-A. Skeete ◽

Barbara Nemesure ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

African American ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

West Indies ◽

African American Men ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Prostate Cancer Incidence ◽

White American ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

The Us

We describe prostate cancer incidence and mortality in Barbados, West Indies. We ascertained all histologically confirmed cases of prostate cancer during the period July 2002 to December 2008 and reviewed each death registration citing prostate cancer over a 14-year period commencing January 1995. There were 1101 new cases for an incidence rate of 160.4 (95% Confidence Interval: 151.0–170.2) per 100,000 standardized to the US population. Comparable rates in African-American and White American men were 248.2 (95% CI: 246.0–250.5) and 158.0 (95% CI: 157.5–158.6) per 100,000, respectively. Prostate cancer mortality rates in Barbados ranged from 63.2 to 101.6 per 100,000, compared to 51.1 to 78.8 per 100,000 among African Americans. Prostate cancer risks are lower in Caribbean-origin populations than previously believed, while mortality rates appeared to be higher than reported in African-American men. Studies in Caribbean populations may assist understanding of disparities among African-origin populations with shared heredity.

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Abstract MP38: Intracerebral Hemorrhage Across the United States: Incidence and Mortality Trends From 1990 to 2017

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.52.suppl_1.mp38 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Augustin DeLago ◽

Harpreet Singh ◽

Arashdeep Rupal ◽

Chinmay Jani ◽

Arshi Parvez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽

Vitamin K Antagonists ◽

Oral Anticoagulants ◽

Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽

The United States ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

Reversal Agents ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

The Us

Background: Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 10% of strokes annually in the United States (US). Up-to-date trends in disease burden and regional variation remain unknown; especially after a dramatic increase in the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) since 2010. Our study reports updated incidence, mortality and mortality to incidence ratio (MIR) data related to ICH across the US. Methods: This observational study utilized the Global Burden of Disease database to determine age-standardized incidence (ASIR), death (ASDR) and MIR rates for ICH overall and for each state in the US from 1990-2017. All analyses were stratified by sex. Trends were analyzed using Joinpoint regression analysis, with presentation of estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) in ASIRs, ASDRs and MIRs over the observation period. Results: We observed an overall decrease in ASIRs, ASDRs and MIRs in both genders from 1990-2017, apart from female ASIRs and ASDRs in West Virginia and Kentucky. In 2017, the mean ASIR per 100,000 population for men was 25.67 and 19.17 for women. The 2017 mean ASDRs per 100,000 population for men and women were 13.96 and 11.35, respectively. The District of Columbia had the greatest decreases in ASIR EAPCs for males at -41.25% and females at -40.58%, and the greatest decreases in ASDR EAPCs for both males and females at -55.38% and -48.51%, respectively. The overall MIR during the study period decreased in males by -12.12% and females by -7.43%. However, MIR increased in males from 2014-2017 (EAPC +2.2% [95% CI +0.9%-+3.5%]) and in females from 2011-2017 (EAPC +1.0% [CI +0.7%-+1.4%]). Conclusion: This report reveals overall decreasing trends in incidence, mortality and MIR from 1990-2017. Notably, no significant change in mortality was found in the last 6 years of the study period, and MIR worsened in males from 2014-2017 and in females from 2011-2017, suggesting decreased ICH related survival lately. The substitution of vitamin K antagonists with DOACs is one possible explanation for a downtrend in incidence despite an aging population and increased use of anticoagulants. Limited access to reversal agents for DOACs is a potential reason for increase in MIR, however concrete deductions cannot be made owing to the observational nature of the study.

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Prison Education in the United States of America

Research Anthology on Empowering Marginalized Communities and Mitigating Racism and Discrimination ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-8547-4.ch053 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1108-1118

Author(s):

Uju C. Ukwuoma

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

United States Of America ◽

Prison Population ◽

The United States ◽

Prison Education ◽

Complete Evaluation ◽

Learning And Teaching ◽

Federal Prisons ◽

The Us ◽

State Prisons

The United States of America ranks third among the most populous countries in the world behind India and China. However, the US ranks first among countries with the most prison population. Recent statistics from the Office of Justice program in the US Department of Justice show that about 2.5 million people are locked up in prisons or the so-called correctional facilities across the United States. These facilities are made up of nearly 2000 state prisons scattered among the 50 states, 102 federal prisons, about 2300 and 3300 juvenile prisons and local jails respectively, including 79 Indian Country jails (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2016; Wagner & Rabuy, 2015). This chapter looks at the state of prison education in the US through the prism of racism. However, the chapter does not claim to have a complete evaluation of the situation of learning and teaching in penitentiaries in the US.

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Tu1646 INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY TRENDS OF INTRAHEPATIC CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA IN THE US; AN UNTOLD STORY OF 50 YEARS

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(20)33532-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 158 (6) ◽

pp. S-1143

Author(s):

Hafiz Muhammad Sharjeel Arshad ◽

Nouman Akbar ◽

Ayesha Arshad ◽

Ayesha Cheema ◽

amit Hudgi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

The Us

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Trends in Intracranial Glioma Incidence and Mortality in the United States, 1975-2018

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2021.748061 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Dongdong Lin ◽

Ming Wang ◽

Yan Chen ◽

Jie Gong ◽

Liang Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

The United States ◽

Tumor Characteristics ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

Tumor Extension ◽

The Past ◽

Oligodendroglial Tumors ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

The Us ◽

Epidemiological Changes ◽

Histologic Types

PurposeGlioma incidence in the US seems to have stabilized over the past 20 years. It’s also not clear whether changes in glioblastoma incidence are associated with glioma mortality trends. Our study investigated trends in glioma incidence and mortality according to tumor characteristics.MethodsThis study obtained data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-9 (SEER-9) registries to calculate glioma incidence and mortality trends. Annual percent changes (APC) and 95% CIs were calculated using the Joinpoint program.Results62,159 patients (34,996 males and 55,424 whites) were diagnosed with glioma during 1975-2018, and 31,922 deaths occurred from 1995-2018. Glioblastoma (32,893 cases) and non-glioblastoma astrocytoma (17,406 cases) were the most common histologic types. During the study period, the incidence of glioma first experienced a significant increase (APC=1.8%, [95% CI, 1.3% to 2.3%]) from 1975 to 1987, and then experienced a slight decrease (APC=-0.4%, [95% CI, -0.5% to -0.3%]) from 1987 to 2018, while the APC was 0.8% for glioblastoma, -2.0% for non-glioblastoma astrocytoma, 1.1% for oligodendroglial tumors, 0.7% for ependymoma and -0.3% for glioma NOS during the study period. Glioblastoma incidence increased for all tumor size and tumor extension except for distant. From 1995 to 2018, glioma mortality declined 0.4% per year (95% CI: -0.6% to -0.2%) but only increased in patients older than 80 years [APC=1.0%, (95% CI, 0.4% to 1.6%)].ConclusionSignificant decline in glioma incidence (1987-2018) and mortality (1995-2018) were observed. Epidemiological changes in non-glioblastoma astrocytoma contributed the most to overall trends in glioma incidence and mortality. These findings can improve understanding of risk factors and guide the focus of glioma therapy.

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Determinants of COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality in the US: Spatial Analysis

10.1101/2020.12.02.20242685 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Niranjan J. Kathe ◽

Rajvi J. Wani

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Population Density ◽

Residential Segregation ◽

Clinical Care ◽

New York Times ◽

Racial Minorities ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

The Us ◽

Spatial Autoregressive

SUMMARYThe US continues to account for the highest proportion of the global coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) cases and deaths. Amid the second wave, it is important to contextualize the spread and success of mitigation efforts. The objective of this study was to assess the ecological determinants (policy, health behaviors, socio-economic, physical environment, and clinical care) of COVID-19 incidence and mortality. Data from the New York Times’ COVID-19 repository (01/21/2020-10/27/2020), 2020 County Health Rankings, 2016 County Presidential Election Returns, and 2018-2019 Area Health Resource File were used. County-level logged incidence and mortality rate/million were modelled using Spatial Autoregressive Combined model and spatial. Counties with higher proportions of Republican voters, and racial minorities, those not proficient in English, and higher population density, pollution-particulate matter, residential segregation between non-Whites & Whites were associated with high incidence rates. Subsequently, counties with higher Republican voters, excessive drinkers, children in single-parent households, uninsured adults, racial minorities, females, and high population density, pollution-particulate matter, and residential segregation between non-Whites & Whites was associated with high COVID-19 mortality rates. The study’s spatial models identified length of order, population density, income, and uninsurance rate, and race/ethnicity as some important determinants of the geographic disparities in COVID-19 incidence and mortality.

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Oscillations in USA COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality Data reflect societal factors

10.1101/2020.06.08.20123786 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aviv Bergman ◽

Yehonatan Sella ◽

Peter Agre ◽

Arturo Casadevall

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Public Health Response ◽

Susceptible Population ◽

Reporting Practices ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

The Us ◽

Public Health Authorities ◽

Alternative Hypotheses

The COVID-19 pandemic currently in process differs from other infectious disease calamities that have previously plagued humanity in the vast amount of information that is produces each day, which includes daily estimates of the disease incidence and mortality data. Apart from providing actionable information to public health authorities on the trend of the pandemic, the daily incidence reflects the process of disease in a susceptible population and thus reflects the pathogenesis of COVID-19, the public health response and diagnosis and reporting. Both daily new cases and daily mortality data in the US exhibit periodic oscillatory patterns. By analyzing NYC and LA testing data, we demonstrate that this oscillation in the number of cases can be strongly explained by the daily variation in testing. This seems to rule out alternative hypotheses such as increased infections on certain days of the week as driving this oscillation. Similarly, we show that the apparent oscillation in mortality in the US data is mostly an artifact of reporting, which disappears in datasets that record death by episode date, such as the NYC and LA datasets. Periodic oscillations in COVID-19 incidence and mortality data reflect testing and reporting practices and contingencies. Thus, these contingencies should be considered first prior to suggesting social or biological mechanisms.

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They’re Dying in the Suburbs: COVID-19 Cases and Deaths by Geography in Louisiana (USA)

10.1101/2020.10.28.20221341 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alina Schnake-Mahl ◽

Usama Bilal

Keyword(s):

New Orleans ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Data Availability ◽

Suburban Areas ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

The Us ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

Second Peak

AbstractThe national COVID-19 conversation in the US has mostly focused on urban areas, without sufficient examination of another geography with large vulnerable populations: the suburbs. While suburbs are often thought of as areas of uniform affluence and racial homogeneity, over the past 20 years, poverty and diversity have increased substantially in the suburbs. In this study, we compare geographic and temporal trends in COVID-19 cases and deaths in Louisiana, one of the few states with high rates of COVID-19 during both the spring and summer. We find that incidence and mortality rates were initially highest in New Orleans. By the second peak, trends reversed: suburban areas experienced higher rates than New Orleans and similar rates to other urban and rural areas. We also find that increased social vulnerability was associated with increased positivity and incidence during the first peak. During the second peak, these associations reversed in New Orleans while persisting in other urban, suburban, and rural areas. The work draws attention to the high rates of COVID-19 cases and deaths in suburban areas and the importance of metropolitan-wide actions to address COVID-19.RegistrationN/AFunding sourceNIH (DP5OD26429) and RWJF (77644)Code and data availabilityCode for replication along with data is available here: https://github.com/alinasmahl1/COVID_Louisiana_Suburban/.

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