Trends in the incidence and mortality of oral cancer in Nevada (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Foote ◽  
Karl Kingsley
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Us ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

BACKGROUND Reviews of national and state-specific cancer registries have revealed differences in rates of oral cancer incidence and mortality that have implications for public health research and policy. Many significant associations between head and neck (oral) cancers and major risk factors, such as cigarette usage, may be influenced by public health policy such as smoking restrictions and bans – including the Nevada Clean Indoor Act of 2006 (and subsequent modification in 2011). OBJECTIVE Although evaluation of general and regional advances in public policy have been previously evaluated, no recent studies have focused specifically on the changes to the epidemiology of oral cancer incidence and mortality in Nevada. METHODS Cancer incidence and mortality rate data were obtained from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (DCCPS) Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program. Most recently available rate changes in cancer incidence and mortality for Nevada included the years 2012 – 2016 and are age-adjusted to the year 2000 standard US population. Comparisons of any differences between Nevada and the overall US population were evaluated using Chi square analysis. RESULTS This analysis revealed that the overall rates of incidence and mortality from oral cancer in Nevada differs from that observed in the overall US population. For example, although the incidence of oral cancer among Caucasians is increasing in Nevada and the US overall, it is increasing at nearly twice that rate in Nevada, P=0.0002. In addition, although oral cancer incidence among Minorities in the US is declining, it is increasing in Nevada , P=0.0001. Analysis of reported mortality causes revealed that mortality from oral cancer increased in the US overall but declined in Nevada during the same period (2012-2016). More specifically, mortality among both Males and Females in the US is increasing, but is declining in Nevada, P=0.0027. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of the epidemiologic data from Nevada compared with the overall US revealed significant differences in rates of oral cancer incidence and mortality. More specifically, oral cancer incidence increased in Nevada between 2012-2016 among all groups analyzed (Males, Females, White, Minority), while decreases were observed nationally among Females and Minorities. Although mortality in Nevada decreased over this same time period (in contrast to the national trends), the lag time between diagnosis (incidence) and mortality suggests that these trends will change in the near future. CLINICALTRIAL Not applicable

scholarly journals Surveillance of the Incidence and Mortality of Oral and Pharyngeal, Esophageal, and Lung Cancer in Nevada: Potential Implications of the Nevada Indoor Clean Air Act

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7966
Author(s):  
Kevin Foote ◽  
David Foote ◽  
Karl Kingsley
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Lung Cancer Incidence ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Smoking Restrictions ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Us

Reviews of national and state-specific cancer registries have revealed differences in rates of oral, esophageal, and lung cancer incidence and mortality that have implications for public health research and policy. Many significant associations between these types of cancers and major risk factors, such as cigarette usage, may be influenced by public health policy such as smoking restrictions and bans—including the Nevada Clean Indoor Air Act (NCIAA) of 2006 (and subsequent modification in 2011). Although evaluation of general and regional advances in public policy have been previously evaluated, no recent studies have focused specifically on the changes to the epidemiology of oral and pharyngeal, esophageal, and lung cancer incidence and mortality in Nevada. Methods: Cancer incidence and mortality rate data were obtained from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (DCCPS) Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program. Most recently available rate changes in cancer incidence and mortality for Nevada included the years 2012–2016 and are age-adjusted to the year 2000 standard US population. This analysis revealed that the overall rates of incidence and mortality from these types of cancer in Nevada differs from that observed in the overall US population. For example, although the incidence rate of oral cancer is decreasing in the US overall (0.9%), it is stable in Nevada (0.0%). However, the incidence and mortality rates from esophageal cancer are also decreasing in the US (−1.1%, −1.2%, respectively), and are declining more rapidly in Nevada (−1.5%, −1.9%, respectively). Similarly, the incidence and mortality rates from lung are cancer are declining in the US (−2.5%, −2.4%, respectively) and are also declining more rapidly in Nevada (−3.2%, −3.1%, respectively). Analysis of previous epidemiologic data from Nevada (1999–2003) revealed the highest annual percent change (APC) in oral cancer incidence in the US was observed in Nevada (+4.6%), which corresponded with the highest APC in oral cancer mortality (+4.6%). Subsequent studies regarding reduced rates of cigarette use due to smoking restrictions and bans have suggested that follow up studies may reveal changes in the incidence and mortality rates of oral and other related cancers. This study analysis revealed that oral cancer incidence rates are no longer increasing in Nevada and that mortality rates have started to decline, although not as rapidly as the overall national rates. However, rapid decreases in both the incidence and mortality from esophageal and lung cancer were observed in Nevada, which strongly suggest the corresponding changes in oral cancer may be part of a larger epidemiologic shift resulting from improved public health policies that include indoor smoking restrictions and bans.

Comparison of tongue cancer survival among White and Black cancer patients: An exploratory analysis of the SEER database.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18053-e18053
Author(s):  
Jaffer Shah ◽  
Asghar Shah ◽  
Aarati Shah ◽  
Hani Aiash
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Tongue Cancer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Additional Patient ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Us

e18053 Background: Despite the relatively rare incidence of tongue cancer in the United States, 2,830 people were estimated to have died from it in 2020. Research has indicated disparities in oral cancer screenings among minority and low-income patients. The aim of the present study is to characterize the incidence of tongue cancer across in the US population and to determine mediators of survival months. Methods: SEER 18 regions database (November 2019 submission) was queried to obtain data on tongue cancer incidence, patient demographics, and clinical variables for patients (n=51,622) from 2000-2017 using SEER*Stat 8.3.8. Data analysis were performed using R and RStudio version 4.02, and 1.3.1073, respectively. For comparison between groups, Chi-squared test for independence, Fisher’s exact test, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were applied where applicable. Univariate and multivariate regression models characterized the relationship between survival months and sex, race, primary site, and additional patient characteristics. Results: Several significant group differences were determined in the incidence of tongue cancer. Patient sex was significantly associated (P<0.001), with survival months in White patients, with median survival months 33 (IQR 11,85) and 35 (IQR 12,82) for females and males respectively. Regression analysis found multiple patient level characteristics significantly mediating survival months. The odds ratio (OR) for reported patient race of Black were OR 0.78 (95% CI 0.68, 0.89; P<.001) and OR 0.75 (95% CI 0.66, 0.86; P<.001) for univariate and multivariate regression, respectively. Conclusions: The study indicates that health disparities vis-à-vis social determinants of health play a role in mediating differences in tongue cancer survival months for patients in the US. Further research should characterize and address persisting health inequities and potential solutions in oral cancer incidence and mortality.[Table: see text]

scholarly journals Prostate Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Barbados, West Indies

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anselm J. M. Hennis ◽  
Ian R. Hambleton ◽  
Suh-Yuh Wu ◽  
Desiree H.-A. Skeete ◽  
Barbara Nemesure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
African American ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
West Indies ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Prostate Cancer Incidence ◽  
White American ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Us

We describe prostate cancer incidence and mortality in Barbados, West Indies. We ascertained all histologically confirmed cases of prostate cancer during the period July 2002 to December 2008 and reviewed each death registration citing prostate cancer over a 14-year period commencing January 1995. There were 1101 new cases for an incidence rate of 160.4 (95% Confidence Interval: 151.0–170.2) per 100,000 standardized to the US population. Comparable rates in African-American and White American men were 248.2 (95% CI: 246.0–250.5) and 158.0 (95% CI: 157.5–158.6) per 100,000, respectively. Prostate cancer mortality rates in Barbados ranged from 63.2 to 101.6 per 100,000, compared to 51.1 to 78.8 per 100,000 among African Americans. Prostate cancer risks are lower in Caribbean-origin populations than previously believed, while mortality rates appeared to be higher than reported in African-American men. Studies in Caribbean populations may assist understanding of disparities among African-origin populations with shared heredity.

Cancer incidence and mortality trends from 2003 to 2014 in Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlotta Buzzoni ◽  
Emanuele Crocetti ◽  
Stefano Guzzinati ◽  
Luigino Dal Maso ◽  
Silvia Francisci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Cancer Site ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
The South ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Incident Cases

Objective: To evaluate short-term (2003–2014) cancer incidence and mortality trends in Italy. Methods: Italian Cancer Registries data, available in the AIRTUM database, from 17 out of 20 regions were used. The number of incident cases and deaths were estimated for those registries and those years with incomplete information. Age-standardized rates, overall and stratified by geographic area, region, sex, cancer site, and major age group, were computed. Time trends were expressed as annual percent change of rates. Results: In Italy, among males, incidence rates for all cancers showed during 2003–2014, a significant decrease (−0.9%/year), with stronger reductions in the northwest (−1.3%/year) and northeast (−2.0%/year since 2006) than in central (−0.7%/year) and southern (−0.4%/year) areas. Among females, a weak but significant overall reduction was detected (−0.1%/year), with a stronger decrease in the northwest (−0.5%/year). Incidence increased among women in the south (0.3%/year) of Italy. Mortality decreased in both sexes (−1.0%/year among males and −0.5%/year among females), but not in the south, where rates had a stable tendency. Conclusions: Incidence among males decreased, supported by trends for prostate, lung, colorectal, and urinary bladder cancers; among females the. The overall cancer incidence trend was stable, or even decreasing, in the northern and central areas and increasing in the southern areas, due to lung, thyroid, and melanoma rising trends. Study results provided information on the outcomes, in terms of cancer incidence and mortality, of primary and secondary prevention measures employed by regional health systems.

Qualitative Map of Salmonella Contamination on Young Chicken Carcasses†

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 1596-1603 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. OSCAR ◽  
G. K. RUTTO ◽  
J. B. LUDWIG ◽  
S. PARVEEN
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Conventional Culture ◽  
Chicken Carcass ◽  
Young Chicken ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Salmonella contamination of poultry is a global public health problem. The objective of this study was to map the distribution of Salmonella on the young chicken carcass, to improve poultry inspection and food safety. Young chickens (n = 70) in the Cornish game hen class were obtained at retail over a 3-year period. Carcasses were aseptically sectioned into 12 parts, and then Salmonella was isolated from whole-part incubations by conventional culture methods. Isolates were characterized for serotype and antibiotic resistance, and by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Salmonella incidence was 21.5% (181 of 840) for parts and 57.1% (40 of 70) for carcasses. The number of contaminated parts per carcass ranged from 0 to 12, with a mean of 4.5 among contaminated carcasses. Chi-square analysis indicated that Salmonella incidence differed (P &lt; 0.05) among parts, with rib back (38.6%) and sacral back (34.3%) being the most contaminated. Among the 40 contaminated carcasses, there were 37 different patterns of contamination among parts. Of the 33 carcasses with more than one contaminated part, 12.1% contained two serotypes, 33.3% contained two or more antibiotic resistance profiles, and 100% contained two or more PFGE patterns. The most common serotype was Typhimurium (94.5%), and most (97.2%) isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics. These results indicated a diverse pattern of Salmonella contamination among carcasses and that multiple subtypes of Salmonella were often present on contaminated carcasses. Thus, whole-carcass incubation succeeded by characterization of multiple isolates per carcass is needed to properly assess and manage this risk to public health.

A unified approach for assessing heterogeneity in age–period–cohort model parameters using random effects

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Chernyavskiy ◽  
Mark P Little ◽  
Philip S Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Random Effects ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Cohort Model ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Period Effects ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Age–period–cohort models are a popular tool for studying population-level rates; for example, trends in cancer incidence and mortality. Age–period–cohort models decompose observed trends into age effects that correlate with natural history, period effects that reveal factors impacting all ages simultaneously (e.g. innovations in screening), and birth cohort effects that reflect differential risk exposures that vary across birth years. Methodology for the analysis of multiple population strata (e.g. ethnicity, cancer registry) within the age–period–cohort framework has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we outline a general model for characterizing differences in age–period–cohort model parameters for a potentially large number of strata. Our model incorporates stratum-specific random effects for the intercept, the longitudinal age trend, and the model-based estimate of annual percent change (net drift), thereby enabling a comprehensive analysis of heterogeneity. We also extend the standard model to include quadratic terms for age, period, and cohort, along with the corresponding random effects, which quantify possible stratum-specific departures from global curvature. We illustrate the utility of our model with an application to metastatic prostate cancer incidence (2004–2013) in non-Hispanic white and black men, using 17 population-based cancer registries in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program.

Coping strategies and cancer incidence and mortality: The Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 126-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Svensson ◽  
Manami Inoue ◽  
Norie Sawada ◽  
Hadrien Charvat ◽  
Motoki Iwasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Public Health Center ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

scholarly journals Cancer incidence and mortality in the municipality of Pasto, 1998 – 2007

2012 ◽  
pp. 256-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Clara Yepez ◽  
Luis Eduardo Bravo ◽  
Arsenio Hidalgo Troya ◽  
Daniel Marcelo Jurado ◽  
Luisa Mercedes Bravo
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Cancer Morbidity

Introduction: In Colombia, information on cancer morbidity at the population level is limited. Incidence es­timates for most regions are based on mortality data. To improve the validity of these estimates, it is necessary that other population-based cancer registries, as well as Cali, provide cancer risk information. Objective: To describe the incidence and cancer mortality in the municipality of Pasto within the 1998-2007 period. Methodology: The study population belongs to rural and urban areas of the municipality of Pasto. Collection, processing, and systematization of the data were performed according to internationally standardized parame­ters for population-based cancer registries. The cancer incidence and mortality rates were calculated by gender, age, and tumor site. Results: During the 1998-2007 period 4,986 new cases of cancer were recorded of which 57.7% were in female. 2,503 deaths were presented, 52% in female. Neoplasm-associated infections are the leading cause of cancer morbidity in Pasto: stomach cancer in males and cervical cancer in females. Discussion: Cancer in general is a major health problem for the population of the municipality of Pasto. The overall behavior of the increasing incidence and cancer mortality in relation to other causes of death show the need to implement and strengthen prevention and promotion programs, focusing especially on tumors that produce greater morbidity and mortality in the population.

scholarly journals Oral cancer in Brazil: a secular history of Public Health Policies

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
Paulo Ricardo Saquete MARTINS FILHO ◽  
Thiago de Santana SANTOS ◽  
Luiz Carlos Ferreira da SILVA ◽  
Marta Rabello PIVA
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
History Of Public Health ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

The oral cancer in Brazil is considered an important public health issue. Despite almost a century of combat disease, with oncological assistance programs and prevention campaigns based public policies, the incidence of oral cancer in several regions is still high. The major goal of cancer prevention and control is a reduction in both the incidence of the disease and the associated morbidity and mortality, as well as improved life for cancer patients and their families. Low-income and disadvantage groups are generally more exposed to avoidable risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol consumption. These groups have less access to the health services and education that would empower them to make decisions to protect and improve their own health. Thus, cancer control programs are the most effective instrument to bridge the gap between knowledge and practice and achieve this goal. The authors report some key historical facts concerning the fight against oral cancer in Brazil, in addition to addressing the epidemiological aspects of disease.

scholarly journals Public awareness of zoonotic diseases and public health implications in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria.

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
James Bukie ◽  
Veronica Okpotu ◽  
Peter Olapade
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Lassa Fever ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

This study was conducted with the objectives of assessing the level of awareness on zoonotic diseases among residents of Makurdi Metropolis. Questionnaire was structured into 3 sections namely, socio- demographic characteristics of residents, Awareness on domestic animals, and wild animals transmission of zoonotic diseases.  Simple and systematic random sampling was used to select sample locations in which a total of 250 questionnaires were administered; Descriptive statistics, Students t-test and chi-square analysis were used to analyzed data. Field result showed that 144 respondents male were interviewed while 106 respondents were female. Residents of Makurdi Metropolis were quite aware of zoonotic diseases in both domestic and wild animals. The commonest domestic animal zoonotic diseases known to residents were: the Mad Dog disease, Bird Flu and Swain Flu. While the commonest wild animal zoonotic diseases known to residents were: Monkey Pox disease, Ebola disease, and Lassa fever, the awareness of residents on these zoonotic diseases could be associated with the recent outbreak of these diseases and in the area . It was therefore recommended that more awareness campaigns on other types of zoonotic diseases and they preventive measures should be given to residents of Makurdi metropolis to forestall future public health hazards.Keywords: Makurdi metropolis, zoonotic diseases transmission, Awareness, domestic and wild animals.

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