scholarly journals Decomposition of Expenditures for Insulins Across the Distribution Chain—Insights Into Rising Prices?

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. e212258
Author(s):  
Chester B. Good ◽  
Inmaculada Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deni Apriadi ◽  
Arie Yandi Saputra

The agricultural sector has an important role in supporting the Indonesian economy. But on the other hand, sometimes many community groups do not benefit due to problems that arise because the distribution chain of agricultural products are long enough, especially for farmers and consumers (end users). Of course the situation must be improved, so that the agricultural products of Indonesia can be enjoyed by consumers or farmers with proper. One of its efforts is by establishing an e-commerce based e-commerce system in agriculture. E-commerce based ecommerce system can be used as an alternative for farmers, used as a media campaign, communication and information and can cut the distribution chain of agricultural products marketing. The benefits felt by farmers and consumers directly and indirectly give a positive influence, especially from the broader marketing channels of agricultural products can increase production demand and spur the procurement of production among farmers and also the price offered to consumers will be cheaper so that sales in agricultural products can be more increased and profitable for farmers


Author(s):  
G.I. Ogle ◽  
A.L. Craigie ◽  
M.J. Baker

The AgLINK bulletin series dominated all agricultural and horticultural information publications from the late 1960s to the late 1980s, when it was discontinued. The collapse of such a high profile series raises questions about the viability of such a mechanism for linking farmers with facts. This failure highlights three key issues: the need to define and allocate the costs based on who benefits; the appropriate positioning of parties within the distribution chain; and a quality specification to which bulletins must adhere. We consider that AgFACT, the AgResearch pastoral agriculture information base which superseded AgLINK in 1997, should largely be cost neutral to science groups in AgResearch. However, the resources for providing information need to be met by science programmes, a cost which is outweighed by the opportunity to communicate with science stakeholders. The costs of distribution and retail need to fall with the other parties who benefit from the dissemination of this information - the retailer and the end user. We also consider that the role of AgResearch is in manufacture rather than sales to the public, which is best done by the agricultural service sector. AgFACT must maintain tight specifications, to ensure that it is relevant to farmers and other users, accurate and unbiased, and up to date. The penalty for not doing so is a loss of value and, moreover, a risk of it becoming a public liability. Keywords: AgFACT, AgLINK, agricultural information, information base, technology transfer


2020 ◽  
pp. 156-171
Author(s):  
Pedro Fernandes da Anunciação ◽  
Bruno Garcia ◽  
Gleyson Fonseca

The generation of public value by public organizations for citizens, in diverse social and economical topics, has been an object of analysis and strong debates in social sciences and administration and management sciences. New paradigms arisen recently, looking to satisfy economical and social agents' needs, but they hardly combat the lack of efficiency and mainly efficacy perception people have on public initiatives. The concept of public value can be defined as something that improves the life conditions for a community and whose benefits are appreciated by that community. Defining what is valuable for society, and considering this definition to establish the goals and the extent of a public initiative, is one of the toughest challenges in public administration. The results for a specific public initiative must the needs and expectations of society and, at the same time, observe the laws and regulations, and follow the experts' advice. The outcomes and expected value are conditioned by the capability to access information and by the way this information is transmitted to stakeholders. In this article, we propose a questionnaire to identify and map key stakeholders for a specific public initiative, in order to identify and understand the potential interested individuals and groups. This helps public officers to identify the best way to share information with those interested, and to evaluate the generation of public value. By using this questionnaire we were able to identify the key stakeholders for an exports encouragement program in a medium-size city in Brazil, whose vision must be considered to create public value for this public program.


Author(s):  
Pedro Fernandes da Anunciação ◽  
Bruno Garcia ◽  
Gleyson Fonseca

The generation of public value by public organizations for citizens, in diverse social and economical topics, has been an object of analysis and strong debates in social sciences and administration and management sciences. New paradigms arisen recently, looking to satisfy economical and social agents' needs, but they hardly combat the lack of efficiency and mainly efficacy perception people have on public initiatives. The concept of public value can be defined as something that improves the life conditions for a community and whose benefits are appreciated by that community. Defining what is valuable for society, and considering this definition to establish the goals and the extent of a public initiative, is one of the toughest challenges in public administration. The results for a specific public initiative must the needs and expectations of society and, at the same time, observe the laws and regulations, and follow the experts' advice. The outcomes and expected value are conditioned by the capability to access information and by the way this information is transmitted to stakeholders. In this article, we propose a questionnaire to identify and map key stakeholders for a specific public initiative, in order to identify and understand the potential interested individuals and groups. This helps public officers to identify the best way to share information with those interested, and to evaluate the generation of public value. By using this questionnaire we were able to identify the key stakeholders for an exports encouragement program in a medium-size city in Brazil, whose vision must be considered to create public value for this public program.


Author(s):  
Pramod Sharma ◽  
Dean Carson ◽  
Andrew Taylor

Traditionally, the Australian travel agency sector has operated as the premium intermediary in a relatively simple distribution chain that can be depicted as follows: In such a system, it is estimated that travel agents have traditionally handled over 85% of consumer transactions (Wilde & Rosen, 2000). The advance of online technologies and ICT-based distribution systems has changed the dominant role of travel agents in the distribution and supply of travel products. This has impacted on their relevance, returns, and individual financial viability.


Author(s):  
Cláudia Ribeiro de Almeida ◽  
Célia M.Q. Ramos ◽  
Maria del Mar Alonso Almeida ◽  
Paula Odete Fernandes ◽  
Lucas Estrada Gamarra

The Internet has transformed people's daily lives, not only in the search of information but above all giving the possibility of buying several products and services in a quick and easy way. Social networks have emerged as the quintessential medium for sharing experiences and communicating tourist information to all players in the tourism distribution chain. Today, we can sell, search, consume, connect, and share experiences related to our travel or services on different social media platforms and some online communities that share the same interests. The focus of this chapter is to point out the use of social media along the travel process in order to understand the behaviour of tourists before, during, and after trip. Having in mind the travel decision-making process the authors prepared a questionnaire with several questions spread through Facebook and answered by 95 people. The authors present the results and main conclusions in the chapter.


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