Adaptive Use of ICT in Response to Disintermediation

2008 ◽  
pp. 1889-1895
Author(s):  
Pramod Sharma ◽  
Dean Carson ◽  
Andrew Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Travel Agency ◽  
Financial Viability ◽  
Online Technologies ◽  
Travel Agents ◽  
Adaptive Use ◽  
Distribution Chain

Traditionally, the Australian travel agency sector has operated as the premium intermediary in a relatively simple distribution chain that can be depicted as follows: In such a system, it is estimated that travel agents have traditionally handled over 85% of consumer transactions (Wilde & Rosen, 2000). The advance of online technologies and ICT-based distribution systems has changed the dominant role of travel agents in the distribution and supply of travel products. This has impacted on their relevance, returns, and individual financial viability.

Adaptive Use of ICT in Response to Disintermediation

2005 ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Pramod Sharma ◽  
Dean Carson ◽  
Andrew Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Travel Agency ◽  
Financial Viability ◽  
Online Technologies ◽  
Travel Agents ◽  
Adaptive Use ◽  
Distribution Chain

Traditionally, the Australian travel agency sector has operated as the premium intermediary in a relatively simple distribution chain that can be depicted as follows: In such a system, it is estimated that travel agents have traditionally handled over 85% of consumer transactions (Wilde & Rosen, 2000). The advance of online technologies and ICT-based distribution systems has changed the dominant role of travel agents in the distribution and supply of travel products. This has impacted on their relevance, returns, and individual financial viability.

Online Competition in the Distribution Chain

2019 ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
Patricia Vieira ◽  
Emese Panyik
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Travel Agency ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Travel Agents ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Travel Agencies ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Distribution Chain ◽  
Global Distribution Systems

Until recently, travel agents have been the principal intermediary between travel suppliers and consumers, with information as their primary trade. However, changes to information and communication technology (ICT) and the beginning of the internet have the potential to allow travel suppliers and consumers to interact directly. Today, consumer websites that integrate global distribution systems (GDSs) are no longer only an emerging threat but show fierce global competition between travel agencies and tour operators worldwide. Subsequently, one of the most pertinent questions today is how local, small-scale travel agencies respond to these market changes and what practices do they use to maintain their comparative advantage and offer competitive services? However, despite the relevancy of this issue, literature is generally scarce on travel agency strategies to confront the competition of consumer websites. Thus, in order to address this question, this article provides an analysis on the advantages and disadvantages of new technologies are available to travel agencies and strategies and practices that travel agencies can use to compete with websites.

scholarly journals The changing role of the travel intermediary

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Lubbe
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Distribution Costs ◽  
Travel Agents ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Travel Industry ◽  
Revenue Models ◽  
Corporate Travel ◽  
Changing Role

This article gives an overview of the changes and developments in the travel industry and the way travel intermediaries like travel agents are responding to them. These changes include the deregulation of airlines and the advent of global distribution systems, the pressure from airlines for lower distribution costs, rapid and fundamental changes in technology and consumer preferences. The responses by travel agents include rapid integration and consolidation within the industry, the use of technology to streamline operations and expand market reach, and the review of traditional revenue models to make way for new approaches to revenue generation. In conclusion, some future scenarios for both leisure and corporate travel distribution are outlined.

scholarly journals Tourism in the era of social media: picture or reality?

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Irina V. Bogomazova ◽  
◽  
Tatyana B. Klimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Travel Planning ◽  
Travel Agents ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Tourist Information

The development of social networks and universal digitalization have led to widespread changes in society and in all spheres of activity, including tourism. The growing popularity of information platforms containing content created by travelers has determined the vector of scientific research towards the dominant role of social networks at the stage of the travel planning process. The increased impact of social networks as the main source of tourist information determines the tourist location, place and type of residence. As a rule, the choice of potential tourists is determined by interesting stories, colorful landscapes, reviews, formed public opinion and other content broadcast on the network by users. The article defines the role of social networks (travel blogs, forums) in modern society. It is shown that social networks have replaced travel agents, GPS-numerous maps and guidebooks, and the Instagram feed – a photo album. The authors conclude that modern travel has completely moved to the digital environment and now it is almost impossible to imagine a trip without posts on social networks and an endless stream of recommendations in the comments. The article pays special attention to the role of Instagram in the modern development of tourism, including negative aspects that have a disastrous impact on the industry.

Chronic Pain: Fundamental Scientific Considerations, Specifically for Legal Claims

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Problematic Relationship

Abstract Scientific findings have indicated that psychological and social factors are the driving forces behind most chronic benign pain presentations, especially in a claim context, and are relevant to at least three of the AMA Guides publications: AMA Guides to Evaluation of Disease and Injury Causation, AMA Guides to Work Ability and Return to Work, and AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment. The author reviews and summarizes studies that have identified the dominant role of financial, psychological, and other non–general medicine factors in patients who report low back pain. For example, one meta-analysis found that compensation results in an increase in pain perception and a reduction in the ability to benefit from medical and psychological treatment. Other studies have found a correlation between the level of compensation and health outcomes (greater compensation is associated with worse outcomes), and legal systems that discourage compensation for pain produce better health outcomes. One study found that, among persons with carpal tunnel syndrome, claimants had worse outcomes than nonclaimants despite receiving more treatment; another examined the problematic relationship between complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and compensation and found that cases of CRPS are dominated by legal claims, a disparity that highlights the dominant role of compensation. Workers’ compensation claimants are almost never evaluated for personality disorders or mental illness. The article concludes with recommendations that evaluators can consider in individual cases.

НЕКОТОРЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТИ РЕСПИРАТОРНОЙ АЛЛЕРГИИ НА ЮГЕ РОССИИ

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.Sh. Macharadze
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Pollen Allergy ◽  
Respiratory Allergy ◽  
House Dust Mites ◽  
Dust Mites ◽  
The Past ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Respiratory Allergies ◽  
Southern Russia

В обзорной статье приведены данные по распространенности респираторной аллергии - аллергического ринита и бронхиальной астмы на юге России, опубликованные за последние десятилетия. Показана доминирующая роль пыльцевой аллергии практически во всем южном регионе России. В Чеченской Республике у больных респираторной аллергией обнаружена сходная частота встречаемости сенсибилизации к клещам домашней пыли и пыльце злаковых трав (51,1 и 52,5 соответственно), тогда как сенсибилизация к пыльце амброзии и полыни встречалась в 3 раза реже (26,6 и 20,7 соответственно) по сравнению с соседними регионами юга России. Эти данные демонстрируют климатогеографические, экологические и другие региональные особенности в распространении респираторной аллергии.The review article presents data on the prevalence of respiratory allergy - allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma in southern Russia, published over the past decades. The dominant role of pollen allergy is shown in almost the entire southern region of Russia. In the Chechen Republic, sensitization to house dust mites and grass pollen was found in patients with respiratory allergy equally (51.1 and 52.5, respectively), whereas ragweed and mugwort sensitization was 3 times less (26.6 and 20.7, respectively) compared with the neighboring regions of southern Russia. These data demonstrate climate-geographical, environmental and other regional features in the prevalence of respiratory allergies.

KEGAGALAN PRIVATISASI BUMN DI ERA REZIM ORDE BARU DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI POLITIK

Wacana Publik ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syamsul Ma'arif
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
The State ◽  
Early Years ◽  
New Order ◽  
Free Market Economy ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Role Of The State

After had being carried out nationalization and hostility against west countries, the New Order regime made important decision to change Indonesia economic direction from etatism system to free market economy. A set of policies were taken in order private sector could play major role in economic. However, when another economic sectors were reformed substantially, effords to reform the State Owned Enterprises had failed. The State Owned Enterprise, in fact, remained to play dominant role like early years of guided democracy era. Role of the State Owned Enterprises was more and more powerfull). The main problem of reforms finally lied on reality that vested interest of bureaucrats (civil or military) was so large that could’nt been overcome. 

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ildar Garipzanov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Sources Of Authority ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Periods

The concluding chapter highlights how the cultural history of graphic signs of authority in late antiquity and the early Middle Ages encapsulated the profound transformation of political culture in the Mediterranean and Europe from approximately the fourth to ninth centuries. It also reflects on the transcendent sources of authority in these historical periods, and the role of graphic signs in highlighting this connection. Finally, it warns that, despite the apparent dominant role of the sign of the cross and cruciform graphic devices in providing access to transcendent protection and support in ninth-century Western Europe, some people could still employ alternative graphic signs deriving from older occult traditions in their recourse to transcendent powers.

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