scholarly journals Cribriform Plate Injury After Nasal Swab Testing for COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Knížek ◽  
Roman Michálek ◽  
Jan Vodička ◽  
Pavlína Zdobinská
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Cribriform Plate

scholarly journals Iatrogenic cerebrospinal fluid leak after repeated nasal swab tests for COVID-19: illustrative case

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnson Ku ◽  
Chieh-Yi Chen ◽  
Jason Ku ◽  
Hsuan-Kan Chang ◽  
Jau-Ching Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak ◽  
Cribriform Plate ◽  
Csf Leak ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Endoscopic Endonasal ◽  
Csf Rhinorrhea ◽  
Csf Leakage

BACKGROUND Nasal swab tests are one of the most essential tools for screening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The authors report a rare case of iatrogenic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak from the anterior skull base after repeated nasal swab tests for COVID-19, which was treated with endoscopic endonasal repair. OBSERVATIONS A 41-year-old man presented with clear continuous rhinorrhea through his left nostril for 5 days after repeated nasal swabbing for COVID-19. There were no obvious risk factors for spontaneous CSF leak. Computed tomography cisternography showed contrast accumulation in the left olfactory fossa and along the left nasal cavity. Such findings aligned with a preliminary diagnosis of CSF leakage through the left cribriform plate. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the presence of a CSF fistula between his left cribriform plate and superior nasal concha. The patient underwent endoscopic endonasal repair. CSF rhinorrhea ceased after the surgery, and no recurrence was noted during the 12-week postoperative follow-up period. LESSONS Although rare, iatrogenic CSF leakage can be a serious complication following COVID-19 nasal swab tests, especially when infection may cause significant neurological sequelae. Healthcare providers should become familiar with nasal cavity anatomy and be well trained in performing nasal swab tests.

Evaluating the Cribriform Plate Dimensions, Frontal Sinus Ostium Sizes and Frontal Sinus Volume with Computed Tomography

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-593
Author(s):  
Emre Gunbey ◽  
Asli Tanrivermis Sayit ◽  
Hediye Pinar Gunbey ◽  
Yuksel Terzi ◽  
Muzaffer Elmali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Frontal Sinus ◽  
Cribriform Plate ◽  
Sinus Ostium

scholarly journals Perceived Barriers to COVID-19 Testing

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2278
Author(s):  
Pearl A. McElfish ◽  
Rachel Purvis ◽  
Laura P. James ◽  
Don E. Willis ◽  
Jennifer A. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Research Participant ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
The Us ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Background Prior

(1) Background: Prior studies have documented that access to testing has not been equitable across all communities in the US, with less testing availability and lower testing rates documented in rural counties and lower income communities. However, there is limited understanding of the perceived barriers to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) testing. The purpose of this study was to document the perceived barriers to COVID-19 testing. (2) Methods: Arkansas residents were recruited using a volunteer research participant registry. Participants were asked an open-ended question regarding their perceived barriers to testing. A qualitative descriptive analytical approach was used. (3) Results: Overall, 1221 people responded to the open-ended question. The primary barriers to testing described by participants were confusion and uncertainty regarding testing guidelines and where to go for testing, lack of accessible testing locations, perceptions that the nasal swab method was too painful, and long wait times for testing results. (4) Conclusions: This study documents participant reported barriers to COVID-19 testing. Through the use of a qualitative descriptive method, participants were able to discuss their concerns in their own words. This work provides important insights that can help public health leaders and healthcare providers with understanding and mitigating barriers to COVID-19 testing.

Preferences Toward COVID-19 Diagnostic Testing Features: Results From a National Cross-Sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 089011712110340
Author(s):  
Bhagyashree Katare ◽  
Shuoli Zhao ◽  
Joel Cuffey ◽  
Maria I. Marshall ◽  
Corinne Valdivia
Keyword(s):  
Logit Model ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Mixed Logit ◽  
Monetary Incentive ◽  
Monetary Incentives ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nationally Representative

Purpose: Describe preferences toward COVID-19 testing features (method, location, hypothetical monetary incentive) and simulate the effect of monetary incentives on willingness to test. Design: Online cross-sectional survey administered in July 2020. Subjects: 1,505 nationally representative U.S. respondents. Measures: Choice of preferred COVID-19 testing options in discrete choice experiment. Options differed by method (nasal-swab, saliva), location (hospital/clinic, drive-through, at-home), and monetary incentive ($0, $10, $20). Analysis: Latent class conditional logit model to classify preferences, mixed logit model to simulate incentive effectiveness. Results: Preferences were categorized into 4 groups: 34% (n = 517) considered testing comfort (saliva versus nasal swab) most important, 27% (n = 408) were willing to trade comfort for monetary incentives, 19% (n = 287) would only test at convenient locations, 20% (n = 293) avoided testing altogether. Relative to no monetary incentives, incentives of $100 increased the percent of testing avoiders (16%) and convenience seekers (70%) that were willing to test. Conclusion: Preferences toward different COVID-19 testing features vary, highlighting the need to match testing features with individuals to monitor the spread of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Identification and genotyping of a new subtype of bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 isolated from cattle with diarrhea

2021 ◽  
Vol 166 (4) ◽  
pp. 1259-1262
Author(s):  
Bin Tian ◽  
Dongjie Cai ◽  
Weiqiang Li ◽  
Qinglong Bu ◽  
Mingshu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Separate Branch ◽  
Genetic Subtype ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Cattle Farms ◽  
Subtype 1B

AbstractIn 2019, diarrhea cases occurred on cattle farms in Qionglai and Guang'an, Sichuan Province. Two out of 20 (10%) serum and nasal swab samples were positive when tested using a bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) antigen-capture ELISA kit. Two non-cytopathic strains of BVDV were isolated and named QL1903 and GA190608, respectively. The nucleotide sequences of the genomes of the two isolates were 89.52% identical. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 5'-UTR sequence revealed that the BVDV isolate QL1903 belonged to BVDV subtype 1b, whereas isolate GA190608 clustered with strains HN1814, EN-19, and BJ09_26 in a separate branch, which has tentatively been classified as a new genetic subtype, "1v".

scholarly journals SCOPE enables type III CRISPR-Cas diagnostics using flexible targeting and stringent CARF ribonuclease activation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurre A. Steens ◽  
Yifan Zhu ◽  
David W. Taylor ◽  
Jack P. K. Bravo ◽  
Stijn H. P. Prinsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Seed Region ◽  
Base Pairing ◽  
Specific Detection ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Single Host ◽  
Target Rna

AbstractCharacteristic properties of type III CRISPR-Cas systems include recognition of target RNA and the subsequent induction of a multifaceted immune response. This involves sequence-specific cleavage of the target RNA and production of cyclic oligoadenylate (cOA) molecules. Here we report that an exposed seed region at the 3′ end of the crRNA is essential for target RNA binding and cleavage, whereas cOA production requires base pairing at the 5′ end of the crRNA. Moreover, we uncover that the variation in the size and composition of type III complexes within a single host results in variable seed regions. This may prevent escape by invading genetic elements, while controlling cOA production tightly to prevent unnecessary damage to the host. Lastly, we use these findings to develop a new diagnostic tool, SCOPE, for the specific detection of SARS-CoV-2 from human nasal swab samples, revealing sensitivities in the atto-molar range.

Anatomic Variations of Ethmoid Roof and Risk of Skull Base Injury in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: Statistical Correlations

2021 ◽  
pp. 194589242110205
Author(s):  
Gian Luca Fadda ◽  
Alessio Petrelli ◽  
Federica Martino ◽  
Giovanni Succo ◽  
Paolo Castelnuovo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ◽  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Uncinate Process ◽  
Cribriform Plate ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Anatomic Variations ◽  
Imaging Evaluation ◽  
Plane Passing

Background Recent developments in endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) have increased the need to investigate the complex anatomic variations in the ethmoid roof and skull base, to inform the surgeon about the risk of damaging these crucial areas during ESS. Objective To offer a detailed description of sinus anatomy focusing on the key surgical landmarks in ESS and frontal recess surgery to standardize a systematic approach during the preoperative sinuses imaging evaluation. Methodology: A total of 220 computed tomography (CT) scans were reviewed to obtain six sets of measurements: the depth of the cribriform plate (CP); the length of the lateral lamella of the cribriform plate (LLCP); the angle formed by the LLCP and the continuation of the horizontal plane passing through the CP; the position of the anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA) at the skull base; the extent of frontal sinus pneumatization (FSP); the type of superior attachment of the uncinate process (SAUP). Results The length of the LLCP was statistically significantly correlated with the different Keros classification types, the angle formed by the LLCP with the continuation of the horizontal plane passing through the CP, and with the AEA position at the skull base. The depth of the olfactory fossa was correlated with FSP. Conclusions According to the Keros and Gera classifications, the data obtained from these evaluations allow the assessment of anatomic-radiological risk profiles and can help identify those patients who are high risk for ethmoid roof injury.

Lateral Lamella of Cribriform Plate (LLCP): A Computed Tomography Radiological Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar Sasmal ◽  
Mamata Singh ◽  
Smrutirekha Nayak ◽  
Suvankar Panda ◽  
P. Narmada Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cribriform Plate ◽  
Radiological Analysis

scholarly journals Experimental Inoculation of Young Calves with SARS-CoV-2

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 441
Author(s):  
Shollie Falkenberg ◽  
Alexandra Buckley ◽  
Melissa Laverack ◽  
Mathias Martins ◽  
Mitchell V. Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Tracheobronchial Lymph Node ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Acid Load ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples ◽  
Receptor Distribution

The host range of SARS-CoV-2 and the susceptibility of animal species to the virus are topics of great interest to the international scientific community. The angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein is the major receptor for the virus, and sequence and structural analysis of the protein has been performed to determine its cross-species conservation. Based on these analyses, cattle have been implicated as a potential susceptible species to SARS-CoV-2 and have been reported to have increased ACE2 receptor distribution in the liver and kidney, and lower levels in the lungs. The goal of the current study was to determine the susceptibility of cattle to SARS-CoV-2 utilizing inoculation routes that facilitated exposure to tissues with increased ACE2 receptor distribution. For this, colostrum-deprived calves approximately 6 weeks of age were inoculated via the intratracheal or intravenous routes. Nasal and rectal swab samples, as well as blood and urine samples, were collected over the course of the study to evaluate viral shedding, viremia, and seroconversion. Pyrexia was used as the primary criteria for euthanasia and tissue samples were collected during necropsy. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in only two nasal swab samples collected on days 3 and 10 post-inoculation (pi) in two calves; one calf in the intratracheal group and the other calf in the intravenous group, respectively. Additionally, the calf in the intratracheal group that was positive on the nasal swab on day 3 pi also had a positive tracheobronchial lymph node on day 9 pi. Viral nucleic acid load on these samples, based on PCR cycle threshold values, were low and infectious virus was not recovered from the samples. These results suggest that there was no productive replication of SARS-CoV-2 in calves following intratracheal and intravenous inoculation.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Nasal Screening for Reduction of Vancomycin Use for Pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s470-s471
Author(s):  
Shannon Snellgrove ◽  
Matthew Brown ◽  
Seth Edwards ◽  
Sixto Leal ◽  
Allen Bryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Hemodynamic Instability ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Screening Questionnaire ◽  
Days Of Therapy ◽  
Antibiotic Coverage

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal colonization has been a well-established risk for developing MRSA pneumonia. In previous studies, the MRSA nasal screening test has shown an excellent negative predictive value (NPV) for MRSA pneumonia in patients without exclusion criteria such as mechanical ventilation, hemodynamic instability, cavitary lesions, and underlying pulmonary disease. MRSA nasal screening can be used as a stewardship tool to de-escalate broad antibiotic coverage, such as vancomycin. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether implementation of a MRSA nasal screening questionnaire improves de-escalation of vancomycin for patients with pneumonia. Methods: A retrospective review was performed on 250 patients from October 2018 to January 2019 who received MRSA nasal screening due to their prescriber choosing only “respiratory” on the vancomycin dosing consult form. Data obtained included demographics and clinical outcomes. Statistical analyses were performed, and P < .05 was considered significant. Results: Of the 250 patients screened, only 19 patients (8%) were positive for MRSA. Moreover, 40% of patients met exclusion criteria. In 149 patients without exclusion criteria, the MRSA nasal swab had a 98% NPV. Although not statistically significant, vancomycin days of therapy (DOT) based on MRSA nasal swab result was 1 day shorter in those with negative swabs (3.49 days negative vs 4.58 days positive; P = .22). Vancomycin DOT was significantly reduced in pneumonia patients without exclusion criteria (3.17 days “no” vs 4.17 days “yes”; P = .037). Conclusions: The implementation of an electronic MRSA nasal screening questionnaire resulted in reduced vancomycin DOT in pneumonia patients at UAB Hospital. The MRSA nasal swab is an effective screening tool for antibiotic de-escalation based on its 98% NPV for MRSA pneumonia if utilized in the correct patient population.Funding: NoneDisclosures: Rachael Anne Lee reports a speaker honoraria from Prime Education, LLC.

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