Economic Evaluation of Genetic Breeding Programs

2016 ◽  
pp. 17-20
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Breeding

scholarly journals Five decades of black common bean genetic breeding in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leiri Daiane Barili ◽  
Naine Martins do Vale ◽  
José Eustáquio de Souza Carneiro ◽  
Fabyano Fonseca e Silva ◽  
Felipe Lopes da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Breeding

ABSTRACT The increase in grain yield and other agronomic traits, in common bean cultivars, is due, in large part, to its genetic breeding. This study aimed at estimating the genetic progress for grain yield and other important agronomic traits in black common bean cultivars recommended by Brazilian breeding programs between 1960 and 2013. A randomized blocks design was used, with three replications and 40 black common bean cultivars. The following traits were evaluated: grain yield and appearance, plant architecture, number of pods per plant and seeds per pod and 1,000-seed weight. The genetic progress was estimated from the trait averages over the years, using bissegmented linear regression models that allowed the inference of the exact year in which the black common bean breeding began to present significant genetic progress. For grain yield, the genetic progress was observed from 1988, with an annual gain of 2.42 %. Improvements also occurred to grain appearance (1.85 %), plant architecture (1.35 %), number of pods per plant (2.36 %) and seeds per pod (2.24 %) and 1,000-seed weight (1.42 %), mainly after 1989.

scholarly journals Tomato breeding for disease resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Gabriella Queiroz De Almeida ◽  
Juliana de Oliveira Silva ◽  
Mariane Gonçalves Ferreira Copati ◽  
Felipe de Oliveira Dias ◽  
Manoel Coelho dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Genetic Breeding ◽  
Tomato Breeding

In the genetic breeding of tomatoes, not only productivity, but also factors related to fruit quality and pest and disease management are taken into account. In this context, diseases stand out, since they are the main bottlenecks for successful cultivation. Currently, the search for more sustainable crops has demanded from producers’ alternatives to disease control to reduce the use of pesticides. Among the diseases that most reduce tomato production in Brazil, whether for table or industry, we can mention late blight, black spot, fusarium wilt, viruses, bacterial and nematode diseases. Genetic resistance, obtained by genetic breeding programs, is one of the best tools to deal with diseases to depend less on pesticides. Thus, this review aims to provide an overview of tomato breeding programs in terms of resistance to the main diseases that affect this crop.

scholarly journals Collecting and evaluation of germplasm of spiked pepper from Brazilian Amazon

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Maria D Gaia ◽  
Milton Guilherme da C Mota ◽  
Carmen Célia C da Conceição ◽  
José Guilherme S Maia
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Branch Length ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Breeding ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Piper Aduncum ◽  
Soil Climate ◽  
Phenotypical Variability

Spiked pepper (Piper aduncum L.) is an aromatic plant species with high essential oil production. It is a species that occurs abundantly in the Brazilian Amazon. Its essential oil has exploitable biological properties in the human health and agriculture. Aiming to study its germplasm toward future use in genetic breeding programs, collecting was carried out (inflorescences, cuttings, leaves and thin branches) in ten provenances from the Brazilian Amazon. Twelve morphoagronomic traits were determined to take the data: number of leaves by branch, length of leaf, width of the leaf, circumference of the older branch, height of the plant, number of orthotropic branches, number of plageotropic branches, length of the internodes, number of spikes per branches, yielding of oil, content and production of dillapiole, as well as data on the environment and populations of spiked pepper. The inflorescences and cuttings were encoded and sent for the Federal Rural University from Pará State (UFRA), Brazil, for propagation. The leaves and thin branches were sent for the Emílio Goeldi Museum, from Pará State (MPEG) for extraction of essential oil (hydrodistillation). Estimators of amplitude of variation, mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation were utilized to study the phenotypical variability. The morphoagronomic traits of largest variability were number of orthotropic branches, number of spikes per branch, circumference of the older branch and the content and production of dillapiole. This species has adapted to many different environments of vegetation, soil, climate, relief and drainage becomming easy the domestication and cropping. There is morphoagronomic variability pleasing the selection and genetic breeding.

scholarly journals Sources of black aphid resistance in the cowpea

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
Valéria Ramos Lourenço ◽  
Alfredo Mendonça De Sousa ◽  
Antonia Débora Camila de Lima Ferreira ◽  
Ervino Bleicher ◽  
Cândida Hermínia Campos de Magalhães Bertini
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
High Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Breeding ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Old Adult ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
Pot Plants

For a variety of agronomic reasons, landraces have strategic importance for cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. genetic breeding programs. The aim of the current research was to identify black aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch resistance in cowpea landraces. Twenty-three landraces from different regions of the state of Ceará, Brazil, were compared to four literature-cited standards: BRS Guariba and TVu 408 P2 (resistant); BR 17-Gurguéia and VITA 7 (susceptible). Experiments were conducted in a greenhouse located at Campus do Pici, Universidade Federal do Ceará, in Fortaleza, Ceará state, Brazil. A completely randomized block design was used, with six replicates, each composed of one plant in a 300 mL pot. Plants were individually infested with five six-day-old adult insects. Adults were subsequently evaluated two days after infestation and nymphs at four days. Six landraces were highly resistant (Um-named 1-DIP, Feijão de arrancada, Feijão moitinha, Feijão de moita, Cara preta and Roxim miúdo) to levels compatible to the BRS Guariba standard. Three other landraces (Feijão da Bahia, Cojó and Feijão da Consuelo Rocha) showed moderate resistance, similar to the TVu 408 P2 standard. In addition to the high genetic variability found in the landraces, antibiosis was the main resistance mechanism observed.

scholarly journals RAPD analysis of genetic variability in a multiprovenance base population of Eucalyptus grandis hill ex maiden

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 961-967
Author(s):  
Susi Meire Maximino Leite ◽  
Édson Seizo Mori ◽  
Celina Ferraz do Valle ◽  
César Augusto Valencise Bonine ◽  
Celso Luís Marino
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Base Population ◽  
Binary Matrix ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Breeding ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Group 3

This study aimed to evaluate the genetic variability among individuals of a base population of Eucalyptus grandis and to build a molecular marker database for the analyzed populations. The Eucalyptus grandis base population comprised 327 individuals from Coff's Harbour, Atherton and Rio Claro. A few plants came from other sites (Belthorpe MT. Pandanus, Kenilworth, Yabbra, etc.). Since this base population had a heterogeneous composition, the groups were divided according to geographic localization (latitude and longitude), and genetic breeding level. Thus, the influence of those two factors (geographic localization and genetic breeding level) on the genetic variability detected was discussed. The RAPD technique allowed the evaluation of 70 loci. The binary matrix was used to estimate the genetic similarity among individuals using Jaccard's Coefficient. Parametric statistical tests were used to compare within-group similarity of the means. The obtained results showed that the base population had wide genetic variability and a mean genetic similarity of 0.328. Sub-group 3 (wild materials from the Atherton region) showed mean genetic similarity of 0.318. S.P.A. (from Coff's Harbour region) had a mean genetic similarity of 0.322 and was found to be very important for maintenance of variation in the base population. This can be explained since the individuals from those groups accounted for most of the base population (48.3% for it). The base population plants with genetic similarity higher than 0.60 should be phenotypically analyzed again in order to clarify the tendency of genetic variability during breeding programs.

scholarly journals Respuesta a la suplementación con propilenglicol en vacas multiovuladas, para la producción de embriones

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 519
Author(s):  
Roger Eduardo Molina-Coto ◽  
Carlos Arroyo-Oquendo ◽  
Daniel Carballo-Guerrero ◽  
Jorge Alberto Elizondo-Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Breeding ◽  
Donor Cows

Multiovulation and embryo transfer is a technique used in genetic breeding programs. The synchronization-multi ovulation protocols of bovine embryo donors, as well as the embryo collection technique, have improved, however, the technique should still be maximized. This study was done with the objective of evaluating the effect of the administration of propylene glycol (PPG) in multiovulated donor cows on the production and quality of embryos. The study was conducted in Pococi, Limon, Costa Rica, from February 2011 to January 2012. Daily and oral administration of 300 mg PPG was given from one week prior to one week after the starting of the synchronization-multiovulation protocol. Embryo flushing was performed every two months and seven cows were used. Ovarian evaluations were performed using transrectal ultrasonography before and during the days of the synchronization-multiovulation treatment. The embryos were collected and classified at the age of seven days. Treatment with PPG did not affect the number and size of ovarian follicles as measured by ultrasonography. Likewise, the number of structures collected and their quality did not improve with supplementation. The results of the experiment suggest that other factors, unrelated to the effect of PPG supplementation, affect the animal response to treatments for multiovulation and embryo collection.

scholarly journals Estimation of genetic and phenotypic trends for dairy traits of Gyr and Guzerá breeds

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 36685
Author(s):  
Adriano Henrique do Nascimento Rangel ◽  
Thalita Polyana Monteiro Araújo ◽  
Guilherme Ferreira da Costa Lima ◽  
Luiz Henrique Fernandes Borba ◽  
Maria Gabriela Campolina Diniz Peixoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Breeding ◽  
Dairy Traits ◽  
Linear Regressions ◽  
Genetic Trends

 Milk production has high economic importance in dairy cattle production systems, which justifies its inclusion in genetic breeding programs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic and phenotypic trends of dairy traits in Gyr (167 lactations) and Guzerá (148 lactations) breeds in the State of Rio Grande do Norte (RN). Milk, fat and protein production obtained from monthly dairy controls were the traits evaluated. The expected differences in progeny (DEPs) for these traits were estimated using an animal model. From the means of phenotypic values and DEPs, we estimated the genetic and phenotypic trends in linear regressions as a function of the year of calving of the animal. Positive genetic and phenotypic trends were observed for Gyr (26.8 and 88.7 kg year-1) and Guzerá (8.44 and 37.68 kg year-1). Gyr breed presented positive genetic trends for fat (1.08 kg year-1) and protein (0.45 kg year-1) production and the Guzerá breed showed positive genetic trends for fat (0.36 kg year-1) and protein (0.25 kg year-1) production. The selection applied in the evaluated herds has produced satisfactory genetic and phenotypic progress for milk, fat and protein production. 

scholarly journals Estimation of soybean genetic progress in the South of Brazil using multi-environmental yield trials

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia Erna Lange ◽  
Luiz Carlos Federizzi
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Breeding ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Maturity Groups

The success of a genetic breeding program in a certain period can be assessed by the genetic gain observed. Genetic progress can be estimated from the multi environmental trials (MET) data which are routinely carried out by annual species breeding programs for the assessment of new commercial cultivars. A data set of 20 years of MET of advanced soybean lines derived from four breeding programs was used to estimate and to compare the genetic gains obtained for three soybean maturity groups (early, medium and late) in four cropping regions of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The estimated yield gains ranged from 0.0 to 71.5 kg ha-1 year-1 (3.49% per year), depending on the maturity group and region, which suggests that the genetic breeding effort does not have a similar effect among the maturity groups or benefit the regions equally. There was no evidence of genetic progress for the early maturity group in any of the four regions, whereas gains in Regions I and IV were comparatively greater than those in Regions II and III. The objectives of the soybean breeding program in the region should be redirected. Since not all the experimental lines used to estimate genetic gains were commercially released, the reported genetics gains were achieved by the breeding programs rather than those achieved by the cropping systems.

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