Metastatic and Other Extraneous Neoplasms in Endocrine Organs

ABSTRACT This is a description of ultramicroscopic structures at the base of the thyroid follicle. The structural principle of the subendothelial or interfollicular space, namely basement membranes closely following both the endothelial cells of the capillaries and the epithelial cells of the thyroid, corresponds to that described by other authors in the other endocrine organs. Especially shown are small vesicle like decreases of intensity in the subendothelial space, causing bulges in both the subepithelial basement membrane and the membrane covering the endothelial cell pores thereby forming pseudopores. This membrane is in several parts a double one. The possible role played by the above mentioned structures in the basal secretion of the thyroid epithelial cell is discussed.

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Metastasis of lung cancer to two different endocrine organs

Endocrine Abstracts ◽

10.1530/endoabs.70.ep303 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dökmetaș Hatice Sebile ◽

Meriç Dökmetaș ◽

Fatih Kılıçlı ◽

Ayșenur Cila ◽

Oktay Olmușçelik

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Endocrine Organs

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Emerging Roles for Browning of White Adipose Tissue in Prostate Cancer Malignant Behaviour

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22115560 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

pp. 5560

Author(s):

Alejandro Álvarez-Artime ◽

Belén García-Soler ◽

Rosa María Sainz ◽

Juan Carlos Mayo

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

Tumor Development ◽

Cell Types ◽

Protective Role ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

Endocrine Organs

In addition to its well-known role as an energy repository, adipose tissue is one of the largest endocrine organs in the organism due to its ability to synthesize and release different bioactive molecules. Two main types of adipose tissue have been described, namely white adipose tissue (WAT) with a classical energy storage function, and brown adipose tissue (BAT) with thermogenic activity. The prostate, an exocrine gland present in the reproductive system of most mammals, is surrounded by periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) that contributes to maintaining glandular homeostasis in conjunction with other cell types of the microenvironment. In pathological conditions such as the development and progression of prostate cancer, adipose tissue plays a key role through paracrine and endocrine signaling. In this context, the role of WAT has been thoroughly studied. However, the influence of BAT on prostate tumor development and progression is unclear and has received much less attention. This review tries to bring an update on the role of different factors released by WAT which may participate in the initiation, progression and metastasis, as well as to compile the available information on BAT to discuss and open a new field of knowledge about the possible protective role of BAT in prostate cancer.

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ON THE FUNCTIONAL CORRELATION BETWEEN SALIVARY LANDS AND OTHER ENDOCRINE ORGANS V. CHANGES IN RAT SALIVARY GLANDS FOLLOWING THYROIDECTOMY, ADMINISTRATION OF ANTITHYROID DRUGS AND THYROXINE-TREATMENT

Endocrinologia Japonica ◽

10.1507/endocrj1954.8.259 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 259-271 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

JUN KAWADA

Keyword(s):

Salivary Glands ◽

Antithyroid Drugs ◽

Functional Correlation ◽

Rat Salivary Glands ◽

Thyroxine Treatment ◽

Endocrine Organs

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Adipokines, Myokines, and Hepatokines: Crosstalk and Metabolic Repercussions

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22052639 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 2639

Author(s):

Ana Rita de Oliveira dos Santos ◽

Bárbara de Oliveira Zanuso ◽

Vitor Fernando Bordin Miola ◽

Sandra Maria Barbalho ◽

Patrícia C. Santos Bueno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Interleukin 1 ◽

The Body ◽

Healthy Weight ◽

Beta Oxidation ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Muscle Tissues ◽

Endocrine Organs ◽

Sharing Space

Adipose, skeletal, and hepatic muscle tissues are the main endocrine organs that produce adipokines, myokines, and hepatokines. These biomarkers can be harmful or beneficial to an organism and still perform crosstalk, acting through the endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine pathways. This study aims to review the crosstalk between adipokines, myokines, and hepatokines. Far beyond understanding the actions of each biomarker alone, it is important to underline that these cytokines act together in the body, resulting in a complex network of actions in different tissues, which may have beneficial or non-beneficial effects on the genesis of various physiological disorders and their respective outcomes, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Overweight individuals secrete more pro-inflammatory adipokines than those of a healthy weight, leading to an impaired immune response and greater susceptibility to inflammatory and infectious diseases. Myostatin is elevated in pro-inflammatory environments, sharing space with pro-inflammatory organokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), resistin, and chemerin. Fibroblast growth factor FGF21 acts as a beta-oxidation regulator and decreases lipogenesis in the liver. The crosstalk mentioned above can interfere with homeostatic disorders and can play a role as a potential therapeutic target that can assist in the methods of diagnosing metabolic syndrome and CVD.

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Seasonal Changes in the Endocrine Organs and Behavior Patterns of the Muskrat

Journal of Mammalogy ◽

10.2307/1375373 ◽

1951 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 173 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

James R. Beer ◽

Roland K. Meyer

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Changes ◽

Behavior Patterns ◽

Endocrine Organs ◽

And Behavior

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To the pathology and pathogenesis of dementiae praec.

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kazmj77172 ◽

1927 ◽

Vol 23 (6-7) ◽

pp. 749-749

Author(s):

M. Shifrina

Keyword(s):

Histological Examination ◽

Endocrine Organs ◽

The Brain

Mnzer, in an initial case of male schizophrenia uncomplicated by other diseases, made a detailed histological examination of the endocrine organs and the brain.

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Epigenetic regulation by the menin pathway

Endocrine Related Cancer ◽

10.1530/erc-17-0298 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (10) ◽

pp. T147-T159 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Zijie Feng ◽

Jian Ma ◽

Xianxin Hua

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factors ◽

Cell Signaling ◽

Signaling Pathways ◽

Gene Transcription ◽

Epigenetic Regulation ◽

Posttranslational Modifications ◽

Genetic Model ◽

Mirna Biogenesis ◽

Endocrine Organs

There is a trend of increasing prevalence of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), and the inherited multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome serves as a genetic model to investigate how NETs develop and the underlying mechanisms. Menin, encoded by the MEN1 gene, at least partly acts as a scaffold protein by interacting with multiple partners to regulate cellular homeostasis of various endocrine organs. Menin has multiple functions including regulation of several important signaling pathways by controlling gene transcription. Here, we focus on reviewing the recent progress in elucidating the key biochemical role of menin in epigenetic regulation of gene transcription and cell signaling, as well as posttranslational regulation of menin itself. In particular, we will review the progress in studying structural and functional interactions of menin with various histone modifiers and transcription factors such as MLL, PRMT5, SUV39H1 and other transcription factors including c-Myb and JunD. Moreover, the role of menin in regulating cell signaling pathways such as TGF-beta, Wnt and Hedgehog, as well as miRNA biogenesis and processing will be described. Further, the regulation of the MEN1 gene transcription, posttranslational modifications and stability of menin protein will be reviewed. These various modes of regulation by menin as well as regulation of menin by various biological factors broaden the view regarding how menin controls various biological processes in neuroendocrine organ homeostasis.

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