Chromium nitrate - Summary table

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Keyword(s):  
Chromium Nitrate ◽  
Summary Table

scholarly journals Improvement of Small Signal Equivalent Simulations for Power and Efficiency Matching of GaN HEMTs

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Roberto Quaglia
Keyword(s):  
Power Amplifier ◽  
High Electron Mobility Transistor ◽  
High Electron ◽  
Large Signal ◽  
Signal Model ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Summary Table ◽  
Matching Networks ◽  
Amplifier Design ◽  
Frequency Power

In high-frequency power-amplifier design, it is common practice to approach the design of reactive matching networks using linear simulators and targeting a reflection loss limit (referenced to the target impedance). It is well known that this is only a first-pass design technique, since output power or efficiency contours do not correspond to mismatch circles. This paper presents a method to improve the accuracy of this approach in the case of matching network design for power amplifiers based on gallium nitride (GaN) technology. Equivalent mismatch circles, which lay within the power or efficiency contours targeted by the design, are analytically obtained thanks to geometrical considerations. A summary table providing the parameters to use for typical contours is provided. The technique is demonstrated on two examples of power-amplifier design on the 6–12 GHz band using the non-linear large-signal model of a GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT).

scholarly journals Applying the transtheoretical model to eating behaviour change: challenges and opportunities

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline C. Horwath
Keyword(s):  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Transtheoretical Model ◽  
Readiness To Change ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Decisional Balance ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Dietary Behaviour ◽  
Processes Of Change ◽  
Summary Table ◽  
Stage Theories

AbstractThis review provides a rigorous investigation of the question of whether the transtheoretical model (TTM) (or stages of change model) is applicable to eating behaviour change. The TTM is currently the most popular of a number of stage theories being used to examine health behaviour change. Stage theories specify an ordered set of ‘stages of readiness to change’ into which people can be classified and identify the factors that can facilitate movement from one stage to the next. If eating behaviour change follows a stage process, then nutritionists could identify the predominant stage or stages in a population and focus resources on those issues most likely to move people to the next stage (e.g. from no intention of changing, to thinking about changing). In addressing this question, the review draws on the defining characteristics of stage theories as clarified by Weinstein et al. (1998), provides an in-depth coverage of methodological considerations, and a detailed summary table of dietary studies applying the TTM. Specific recommendations are made for improving the accuracy of dietary stage classifications. Among the key conclusions are: (1) dietary studies using the TTM have been hampered by a focus on nutritional outcomes such as dietary fat reduction, rather than clearly understood food behaviours (e.g. five servings of fruit and vegetables per day); (2) accurate stage classification systems are possible for food-based goals, but major misclassification problems occur with nutrient-based goals; (3) observation of an association between stage and dietary intake is not sufficient to demonstrate the validity of the model for dietary behaviour; (4) there is a need for valid questionnaires to measure all aspects of the TTM, and more research on the whole model, particularly the ‘processes of change’, rather than on single constructs such as ‘stage’ (5) cross-sectional studies generally support the predicted patterns of between-stage differences in decisional balance, self-efficacy, and processes of change; (6) studies which test the key hypothesis that different factors are important in distinguishing different stages are rare, as are prospective studies and stage-matched interventions. Only such studies can conclusively determine whether the TTM is applicable to eating behaviour. Since the ultimate test of the TTM will be the effectiveness of stage-matched dietary interventions, the review ends by exploring the requirements for such studies.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Tobacco Leaf Quality: an Investigation of the Literature

1984 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mendell ◽  
E. C. Bourlas ◽  
M. Z. DeBardeleben
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Summary Table ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Tobacco Leaf ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis paper comprises a review of the published literature (1936-1979) dealing with the relationship between the chemical constituents of tobacco and smoke and tobacco and smoke quality. Various components thought to be influential in determining quality are identified; conclusions of researchers regarding the effects of these components are recorded and discussed. A summary table is presented which details the nature of the relationship between these constituents and tobacco quality.

scholarly journals Methods of synthesizing qualitative research studies for health technology assessment

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Ring ◽  
Ruth Jepson ◽  
Karen Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Health Technology Assessment ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Patient Centeredness ◽  
Summary Table ◽  
Thematic Synthesis

Objectives: Synthesizing qualitative research is an important means of ensuring the needs, preferences, and experiences of patients are taken into account by service providers and policy makers, but the range of methods available can appear confusing. This study presents the methods for synthesizing qualitative research most used in health research to-date and, specifically those with a potential role in health technology assessment.Methods: To identify reviews conducted using the eight main methods for synthesizing qualitative studies, nine electronic databases were searched using key terms including meta-ethnography and synthesis. A summary table groups the identified reviews by their use of the eight methods, highlighting the methods used most generally and specifically in relation to health technology assessment topics.Results: Although there is debate about how best to identify and quality appraise qualitative research for synthesis, 107 reviews were identified using one of the eight main methods. Four methods (meta-ethnography, meta-study, meta-summary, and thematic synthesis) have been most widely used and have a role within health technology assessment. Meta-ethnography is the leading method for synthesizing qualitative health research. Thematic synthesis is also useful for integrating qualitative and quantitative findings. Four other methods (critical interpretive synthesis, grounded theory synthesis, meta-interpretation, and cross-case analysis) have been under-used in health research and their potential in health technology assessments is currently under-developed.Conclusions: Synthesizing individual qualitative studies has becoming increasingly common in recent years. Although this is still an emerging research discipline such an approach is one means of promoting the patient-centeredness of health technology assessments.

Lexical-Grammatical Status and Lexicographic Presentation of Two-Component Stable Prepositional Combinations

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-51
Author(s):  
Elena V. Generalova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Summary Table ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Dictionary Entry ◽  
Figurative Meaning ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Unresolved Question ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Syntactic Properties ◽  
Theoretical Issues

The aim of the article is to review the ways of dictionary presentation of stable prepositional combinations and the factors essential for their lexical-grammatical status and the type of optimal lexicographic description. The object of the study is twocomponent prepositional combinations with stable meanings and the “preposition+noun” structure. The material of the article is data of different dictionaries of Russian presenting stable prepositional combinations. In the course of the study, the following questions were answered: why the definition and interpretation of the lexical-grammatical nature of stable prepositional combinations are so difficult and ambiguous; what lexicographic interpretation these units have in dictionaries of different types; what the advantages and disadvantages of different ways of dictionary interpretation of such language material are. The following methods were used: introspective (observation, generalization, classification), systematic lexicographic description according to dictionary parameters, dictionary definition analysis. The summary table of the lexicographic presentation of stable combinations allows seeing both the unresolved question of dictionary interpretation of such units and the patterns of their interpretation depending on the type of a dictionary. As a result of the analysis the following conclusions were drawn. 1) In modern Russian there is a rather large (about 2,000 units) class of language units (prepositional combinations), the lexical-grammatical status of which is not defined, and there is no term for their definition; this class is historically formed and continues to replenish. 2) The type of dictionary presentation of stable prepositional combinations is determined by the dictionary concept, grammatical and syntactic properties, presence of figurative meaning and possibility of component variation of such combinations. 3) The unresolved theoretical issues have as a result the lexicographic discrepancy in the presentation of these language units. Extreme lexicographic solutions are a separate dictionary entry for each combination and the presentation of such units only as stable combinations in the entry of a noun (presented in academic explanatory dictionaries). 4) Taking into account only the factor of presence/absence of a gap seems to formalize the dictionary presentation of adverbs with both conjoined and split spelling, really existing in Russian, and the position of recognition of these units with independent words and their isolate presentation is not impeccable for dictionary users. 5) In the author’s opinion, the presentation of stable prepositional combinations exclusively as independent vocabules is inferior to the traditional lexicographic approach because the isolated presentation of this material breaks the semantic connections of these complex lexical units; the most complex issue is the differentiation of adverbs with split spelling and stable combinations.

Using behavioural science to explore patient perceptions

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-485
Author(s):  
Andria Hanbury ◽  
Hannah Wood
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Behaviour Change Techniques ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Behavioural Science ◽  
Summary Table ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practice Recommendations ◽  
Swallowing Difficulties

Purpose This paper aims to develop a behavioural science informed communication strategy aimed at health professionals and patients promoting best practice recommendations regarding the use of specialist liquid medicines for elderly people with swallowing difficulties. Design/methodology/approach The medicine prescribing, formulation and administration related challenges and experiences of health professionals and elderly patients with swallowing difficulties were identified through a pragmatic literature search. Key findings across the papers were synthesised into themes, before being linked to domains from a behavioural science framework. Published recommendations for behaviour change techniques that can be used to target the domains were then mapped to the domains. Guidance on how to develop a communication strategy, drawing on the insight gained from the literature review and the behavioural science recommendations, and designed to stimulate change in health-care professionals’ and patients’ behaviours, was then developed. Findings In total, 13 themes emerged across 15 papers, including “patient and health professional roles and remits”. These themes were linked to nine domains from the framework, highlighting the range of individual, social and environmental factors influencing patients’ and health professionals’ perceptions and experiences. A summary table, mapping the domains and underpinning themes to recommended behaviour change techniques, was used to develop the subsequent communication strategy recommendations. Recommendations include using techniques such as providing social processes of encourage, pressure and support to change patients’ and health professionals’ perceptions of their roles/responsibilities in medicines prescribing and administration, delivered via, for example, an educational leaflet and/or online training. Practical implications The summary table and guidance can inform development of an evidence-based strategy for communicating best practice recommendations regarding the use of liquid medicines for elderly patients with swallowing difficulties, tailored to the perceptions and challenges identified. Originality/value The behavioural science approach is less established within the pharmaceutical industry for promotion of best practice recommendations and related products, yet it offers a framework for an evidence-based and systematic approach that goes beyond a literature review or focus group.

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