Effect of Antisolvent Application Rate on Film Formation and Photovoltaic Performance of Methylammonium‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells

AbstractOrganic–inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently been considered as one of the most competitive contenders to commercial silicon solar cells in the photovoltaic field. The deposition process of a perovskite film is one of the most critical factors affecting the quality of the film formation and the photovoltaic performance. A hot-casting technique has been widely implemented to deposit high-quality perovskite films with large grain size, uniform thickness, and preferred crystalline orientation. In this review, we first review the classical nucleation and crystal growth theory and discuss those factors affecting the hot-casted perovskite film formation. Meanwhile, the effects of the deposition parameters such as temperature, thermal annealing, precursor chemistry, and atmosphere on the preparation of high-quality perovskite films and high-efficiency PSC devices are comprehensively discussed. The excellent stability of hot-casted perovskite films and integration with scalable deposition technology are conducive to the commercialization of PSCs. Finally, some open questions and future perspectives on the maturity of this technology toward the upscaling deposition of perovskite film for related optoelectronic devices are presented.

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Low-temperature solution-processing high quality Nb-doped SnO2 nanocrystals-based electron transport layers for efficient planar perovskite solar cells

Functional Materials Letters ◽

10.1142/s1793604718500911 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (01) ◽

pp. 1850091 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jing Song ◽

Xiaoxia Xu ◽

Jihuai Wu ◽

Zhang Lan

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Film Formation ◽

Semiconductor Nanocrystals ◽

Photovoltaic Performance ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Organic Ligands ◽

Solution Processing ◽

Temperature Solution

Low-temperature solution-processing method is a kind of low-energy-consuming and simple methodology for preparing cost-effective planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). To achieve high-effciency planar PSCs, the quality of electron-transporting layers (ETLs) play a key role. The solvothermal-synthesized organic ligands capped semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) not only have high crystallinity but also show excellent film-formation. Nevertheless, the biggest problem is that these organic ligands will form insulating barriers around the NCs, which will seriously hinder electronic coupling and limit performance of the corresponding devices. Therefore, the stripping treatment for organic ligands, which is not only complex but also has destructive influence on the quality of films, is traditionally used for achieving good performance. Here, we select high crystalline oleic acid-capped SnO2 NCs to prepare ETLs with low-temperature solution-processed methodology without complex ligand stripping step. We use Nb[Formula: see text] doping route to further enhance photovoltaic performance of the planar PSCs. The champion PSC based on Nb-doped SnO2 NCs ETL achieves a power conversion efficiency of 20.07%.

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Effects of Solution-Based Fabrication Conditions on Morphology of Lead Halide Perovskite Thin Film Solar Cells

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1155/2016/4126163 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jeremy L. Barnett ◽

Vivien L. Cherrette ◽

Connor J. Hutcherson ◽

Monica C. So

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Film Formation ◽

Photovoltaic Performance ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Thin Film Solar Cells ◽

Solution Temperature ◽

Processing Conditions ◽

Lead Iodide ◽

Methylammonium Lead Iodide ◽

Lead Halide

We present a critical review of the effects of processing conditions on the morphology of methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) perovskite solar cells. Though difficult to decouple from synthetic and film formation effects, a single morphological feature, specifically grain size, has been evidently linked to the photovoltaic performance of this class of solar cells. Herein, we discuss experimental aspects of optimizing the (a) temperature and time of annealing, (b) spin-coating parameters, and (c) solution temperature of methylammonium iodide (MAI) solution.

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Dendritic core carbazole-based hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cells: molecular design, photovoltaic performance and impact of hole transporters and doping on the electrical response of the photovoltaic devices

10.29363/nanoge.iperop.2019.010 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Thanh-Tuan Bui ◽

Maria Ulfa ◽

Federica Maschietto ◽

Alistar Ottochian ◽

Mai-Phuong Nghiêm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Molecular Design ◽

Electrical Response ◽

Photovoltaic Performance ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Photovoltaic Devices ◽

Dendritic Core ◽

Hole Transporting ◽

Hole Transporting Materials

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The Influence of the Thickness of Compact TiO2 Electron Transport Layer on the Performance of Planar CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14123295 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. 3295

Author(s):

Andrzej Sławek ◽

Zbigniew Starowicz ◽

Marek Lipiński

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Electron Transport ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Photovoltaic Performance ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Precursor Solution ◽

Short Circuit Current ◽

Short Circuit Current Density ◽

Transport Layer ◽

Electron Transport Layer

In recent years, lead halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention from the scientific community due to their exceptional properties and fast-growing enhancement for solar energy harvesting efficiency. One of the fundamental aspects of the architecture of perovskite-based solar cells (PSCs) is the electron transport layer (ETL), which also acts as a barrier for holes. In this work, the influence of compact TiO2 ETL on the performance of planar heterojunction solar cells based on CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite was investigated. ETLs were deposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates from a titanium diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetonate) precursor solution using the spin-coating method with changing precursor concentration and centrifugation speed. It was found that the thickness and continuity of ETLs, investigated between 0 and 124 nm, strongly affect the photovoltaic performance of PSCs, in particular short-circuit current density (JSC). Optical and topographic properties of the compact TiO2 layers were investigated as well.

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Abnormal spatial heterogeneity governing charge-carrier mechanism in efficient Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite solar cells

Energy & Environmental Science ◽

10.1039/d1ee00984b ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jun Xi ◽

Junseop Byeon ◽

Unsoo Kim ◽

Kijoon Bang ◽

Gi Rim Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Charge Carrier ◽

Spatial Heterogeneity ◽

Real Time ◽

Photovoltaic Performance ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Carrier Mechanism

Layered Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite (RPP) photovoltaics have gained substantial attention owing to their excellent air stability. However, their photovoltaic performance is still limited by the unclear real-time charge-carrier mechanism of operating...

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Effects of CsSnxPb1−xI3 Quantum Dots as Interfacial Layer on Photovoltaic Performance of Carbon-Based Perovskite Solar Cells

Nanoscale Research Letters ◽

10.1186/s11671-021-03533-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chi Zhang ◽

Zhiyuan He ◽

Xuanhui Luo ◽

Rangwei Meng ◽

Mengwei Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantum Dots ◽

Solar Cells ◽

Photovoltaic Performance ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Photogenerated Electron ◽

Depletion Region ◽

Band Alignment ◽

Back Surface ◽

The One ◽

Carbon Based

AbstractIn this work, inorganic tin-doped perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) are incorporated into carbon-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to improve their photovoltaic performance. On the one hand, by controlling the content of Sn2+ doping, the energy level of the tin-doped PQDs can be adjusted, to realize optimized band alignment and enhanced separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. On the other hand, the incorporation of tin-doped PQDs provided with a relatively high acceptor concentration due to the self-p-type doping effect is able to reduce the width of the depletion region near the back surface of the perovskite, thereby enhancing the hole extraction. Particularly, after the addition of CsSn0.2Pb0.8I3 quantum dots (QDs), improvement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 12.80 to 14.22% can be obtained, in comparison with the pristine device. Moreover, the experimental results are analyzed through the simulation of the one-dimensional perovskite/tin-doped PQDs heterojunction.

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A general approach to high-efficiency perovskite solar cells by any antisolvent

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-22049-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Alexander D. Taylor ◽

Qing Sun ◽

Katelyn P. Goetz ◽

Qingzhi An ◽

Tim Schramm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Precursor Solution ◽

Microstructural Characterization ◽

Application Rate ◽

Perovskite Layer ◽

Highly Efficient ◽

Application Procedure ◽

Wide Range

AbstractDeposition of perovskite films by antisolvent engineering is a highly common method employed in perovskite photovoltaics research. Herein, we report on a general method that allows for the fabrication of highly efficient perovskite solar cells by any antisolvent via manipulation of the antisolvent application rate. Through detailed structural, compositional, and microstructural characterization of perovskite layers fabricated by 14 different antisolvents, we identify two key factors that influence the quality of the perovskite layer: the solubility of the organic precursors in the antisolvent and its miscibility with the host solvent(s) of the perovskite precursor solution, which combine to produce rate-dependent behavior during the antisolvent application step. Leveraging this, we produce devices with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) that exceed 21% using a wide range of antisolvents. Moreover, we demonstrate that employing the optimal antisolvent application procedure allows for highly efficient solar cells to be fabricated from a broad range of precursor stoichiometries.

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