Boosting Anion Transport Activity of Diamidocarbazoles by Electron Withdrawing Substituents

Artificial chloride transporters have been intensely investigated in view of their potential medicinal applications. Recently, we have established 1,8-diamidocarbazoles as a versatile platform for the development of active chloride carriers. In the present contribution, we investigate the influence of various electron-withdrawing substituents in positions 3 and 6 of the carbazole core on the chloride transport activity of these anionophores. Using lucigenin assay and large unilamellar vesicles as models, the 3,6-dicyano- and 3,6-dinitro- substituted receptors were found to be highly active and perfectly deliverable chloride transporters, with EC50,270s value as low as 22 nM for the Cl−/NO3− exchange. Mechanistic studies revealed that diamidocarbazoles form 1:1 complexes with chloride in lipid bilayers and facilitate chloride/nitrate exchange by carrier mechanism. Furthermore, owing to its increased acidity, the 3,6-dinitro- substituted receptor acts as a pH-switchable transporter, with physiologically relevant apparent pKa of 6.4.

Hot carrier multiplication in plasmonic photocatalysis

Light-induced hot carriers derived from the surface plasmons of metal nanostructures have been shown to be highly promising agents for photocatalysis. While both nonthermal and thermalized hot carriers can potentially contribute to this process, their specific role in any given chemical reaction has generally not been identified. Here, we report the observation that the H2–D2 exchange reaction photocatalyzed by Cu nanoparticles is driven primarily by thermalized hot carriers. The external quantum yield shows an intriguing S-shaped intensity dependence and exceeds 100% for high light intensities, suggesting that hot carrier multiplication plays a role. A simplified model for the quantum yield of thermalized hot carriers reproduces the observed kinetic features of the reaction, validating our hypothesis of a thermalized hot carrier mechanism. A quantum mechanical study reveals that vibrational excitations of the surface Cu–H bond is the likely activation mechanism, further supporting the effectiveness of low-energy thermalized hot carriers in photocatalyzing this reaction.

Proposing an Optimized Cost-Effective Data Carrier Mechanism for Smart Contracts and Transactions in Blockchain with ACO Algorithm

In this article, a new optimal cost-effective data carrier architecture for smart contracts in the blockchain-enabled IoT environment proposed. This method requires communication with external off-chain data. Three steps consist of this model such as Mission Manager, Task Publisher, and Worker which formulated with the ACO algorithm. Based on this method, some of the best solutions for filtering smart contract events and decoding event logs to fit different requirements are presented adequately. The proposed system is designed to minimize contract deployment costs and monitor contract events without subscribing to any filter at the Ethereum node. In the evaluation, we show that it will save about 21USD deployment costs for average by our data carrier system.

Abnormal spatial heterogeneity governing charge-carrier mechanism in efficient Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite solar cells

Layered Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite (RPP) photovoltaics have gained substantial attention owing to their excellent air stability. However, their photovoltaic performance is still limited by the unclear real-time charge-carrier mechanism of operating...

Invivo Pharmacokientic and Pharamacodynamic Studies of Optimized Antihyperlipidemic Drug Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticle

The purpose of this research is to increase bioavailability by solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) carrier for low bioavailable drugs (< 5%) such as Lovastatin. Eight SLN loaded Lovastatin was designed and optimised by variables such as Particle Size (PS in nm) and Zeta Potential (ZP in mV) using a micro emulsification technique. SLN 7 was chosen as the optimised formulation according to the findings obtained and the same was chosen for invivo pharmacokinetic and triton-induced antihyperlipidemic operation. SLN7 confirms an improvement in bioavailability of 3.15 percent by an improvement in AUC compared to conventional dosage type (Altoprev) from the pharmacokinetic invivo results. SLN was also an appropriate career in drug delivery for Lovastatin by enhancing bioavailability and therapeutic response. The stability studies of SLN7 revealed that the evaluation parameters of SLN did not change significantly. It was verified from the data that the drug-loaded SLN was stable under varying temperature and humidity conditions. While compare to 25˚c±2˚c/ 60% RH, SLN are more stable in 4˚c±2˚c and shows good reproducible reports in Particle Size (nm), Zeta potential (mV), PI and EE% data. Therefore, Solid Lipid Nanoparticle is a viable drug carrier mechanism for low bioavailable Lovastatin to improve their bioavailability through efficiently permeating them.

Konsentrasi Radon-222 dalam Gas Tanah untuk Deteksi Distribusi Permeabilitas di Daerah Panas Bumi Tampomas, Jawa Barat

ABSTRAK Daerah upflow dalam sistem panas bumi merupakan daerah dengan permeabilitas yang tinggi sebagai lintasan naiknya fluida panas bumi ke permukaan, yang umumnya ditandai dengan adanya fumarol di permukaan. Gunung Tampomas, Jawa Barat, merupakan salah satu lokasi potensi panas bumi yang memiliki manifestasi berupa mata air panas, namun tidak memiliki fumarol atau steam vent. Zona permeabel atau upflow sulit untuk diidentifikasi. Isotop 222Rn merupakan isotop geogenik yang konsentrasinya di dalam gas tanah dapat menunjukkan permeabilitas, baik permeabilitas primer maupun sekunder (struktur). Serangkaian pengukuran 222Rn dalam gas tanah telah dilakukan pada 56 titik di sekitar Gunung Tampomas untuk melihat anomali kandungan 222Rn dengan menggunakan metode statistik, serta relasinya antara daerah dengan permeabilitas tinggi dengan struktur geologi dan manifestasi panas bumi. Hasil pengukuran dan evaluasi statistik menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi 222Rn terbagi menjadi konsentrasi rendah (latar), konsentrasi tinggi, dan anomali. Nilai latar berada di 16 lokasi berada di bawah 825 Bq/m3, sementara konsentrasi tinggi di 32 lokasi antara 825–7688 Bq/m3 dan anomali di 8 lokasi di atas 7688 Bq/m3. Sebagian besar lokasi dengan konsentrasi 222Rn tinggi dan anomali letaknya tidak berdekatan dengan kelurusan struktur, Seluruh pengukuran yang berdekatan dengan mata air panas memiliki konsentrasi 222Rn tinggi dan anomali. Mata air panas Ciseupan merupakan pengecualian yang mengindikasikan air panas tersebut keluar secara lateral (outflow). Selain itu, tidak ada indikasi korelasi antara konsentrasi 222Rn dengan elevasi lokasi pengukuran. Proses perpindahan 222Rn dari reservoir ke permukaan diperkirakan melalui mekanisme gas pembawa yang berasal dari reservoir panas bumi melalui zona permeabel.ABSTRACT Upflow zone in the geothermal system is a zone with high permeability that serves as a path for geothermal fluid to ascend to the surface, which usually marked with fumarole at the surface. Mount Tampomas, West Java, is a potential geothermal site with some thermal manifestation in the form of hot springs, but no fumarole or steam vent exists. The up-flow or the permeable zone is difficult to identify. 222Rn isotope is a radiogenic isotope that its concentration in soil gas can infer primary permeability as well as secondary permeability (structure). Series of 222Rn measurement in soil gas has been performed from 56 sampling positions around Mount Tampomas to evaluate 222Rn anomaly by a statistical method and its relation with high permeability area, geological structure, and geothermal manifestation. The measurement and statistical evaluation results show that 222Rn concentration clustered into low (background), high, and anomaly concentration. The background values in 16 places are below 825 Bq/m3, while a high level in 32 areas between 825–7688 Bq/m3 and anomaly in 8 places above 7688 Bq/m3. Most of the locations with high and anomaly 222Rn concentrations did not locate near a structure lineament. All measurements near hot springs have a high 222Rn and anomaly. Ciseupan hot spring is an exception which may indicate that the hot spring is discharged laterally (outflow). Furthermore, there is no indication of a correlation between 222Rn with the elevation of the measurement location. The process of 222Rn transfer from the reservoir to the surface is considered by the geothermal reservoir's gas carrier mechanism through permeable zones.

Double charge carrier mechanism through 2D/2D interface-assisted ultrafast water reduction and antibiotic degradation over architectural S,P co-doped g-C3N4/ZnCr LDH photocatalyst

S,P co-doped g-C3N4/ZnCr LDH 2D/2D heterostructure for photocatalytic ciprofloxacin degradation and H2 evolution under the visible light irradiation.

Near Room Temperature Light-Activated WS2-Decorated rGO as NO2 Gas Sensor

The NO2 response in the range of 200 ppb to 1 ppm of a chemoresistive WS2-decorated rGO sensor has been investigated at operating temperatures of 25 °C and 50 °C in dry and humid air (40% RH) under dark and Purple Blue (PB) light conditions (λ = 430 nm). Few-layers WS2, exfoliated by ball milling and sonication technique, with average dimensions of 200 nm, have been mixed with rGO flakes (average dimension 700 nm) to yield WS2-decorated rGO, deposited on Si3N4 substrates, provided with platinum (30 μm gap distance) finger-type electrodes. TEM analysis showed the formation of homogeneous and well-dispersed WS2 flakes distributed over a thin, continuous and uniform underlying layer of interconnected rGO flakes. XPS and STEM revealed a partial oxidation of WS2 flakes leading to the formation of 18% amorphous WO3 over the WS2 flakes. PB-light irradiation and mild heating of the sensor at 50 °C substantially enhanced the baseline recovery yielding improved adsorption/desorption rates, with detection limit of 400 ppb NO2 and reproducible gas responses. Cross sensitivity tests with humid air interfering vapor highlighted a negligible influence of water vapor on the NO2 response. A charge carrier mechanism between WS2 and rGO is proposed and discussed to explain the overall NO2 and H2O response of the WS2–rGO hybrids.