scholarly journals Yield tradeoffs and weed suppression in a winter annual oilseed relay‐cropping system

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 2485-2495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody Hoerning ◽  
M. Scott Wells ◽  
Russ Gesch ◽  
Frank Forcella ◽  
Donald Wyse
Keyword(s):  
Cropping System ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Relay Cropping

scholarly journals Agronomic management of lentil under relay cropping system

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjib Kumar Mandi ◽  
Hasim Reja ◽  
Milan Kanti Kundu ◽  
Srijani Maji ◽  
Rajib Nath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Agronomic Management ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Relay Cropping ◽  
Plot Design

A field experiment was conducted at District Seed Farm, Kalyani, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (22.97oN, 88.43oE, 9.75m MSL), Nadia, West Bengal, India during rabi season of 2014-16 to identify the optimum seed rate and variety for relay cropping with transplanted long duration kharif rice under changing onset of monsoon. The experiment was laid down in split plot design with three replications comprising of three lentil varieties (PL6, WBL 77 and NDL 1) in main plot and four seed rates (50, 60, 70 and 80 kg ha-1) in sub-plot. The varieties and seed rates significantly affected the plant population, pods per plant, biological and seed yield. The lentil variety PL 6 recorded highest seed yield (1446.8 kg ha-1) with the seed rate of 60 kg ha-1 followed by WBL 77 and NDL 1. Among the varieties PL6 recorded highest test weight (27.58 g) followed by NDL 1 (18.36 g) and WBL 77 (16.20 g). The variety PL 6 exhibited highest seed yield which was mainly attributed by the highest test weight of seeds along with moderate plant population m-2 and number of pods plant-1.

Approaches to optimizing nitrogen fertilization in a winter wheat–red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) relay cropping system

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 192-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amélie C.M. Gaudin ◽  
Ken Janovicek ◽  
Ralph C. Martin ◽  
William Deen
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Relay Cropping

scholarly journals Impact of foliar spray of nutrients and seed treatment on protein uptake and protein yield of lathyrus (Lathyrus sativus L.) under relay cropping system

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-415
Author(s):  
Mo. Navaz ◽  
Anjum Ahmad ◽  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
G.K. Shrivastava ◽  
Veerendra Banjare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Lathyrus Sativus ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Protein Uptake ◽  
Relay Cropping ◽  
Lathyrus Sativus L ◽  
The Impact

An experiment was carried out during the Rabi season of 2016, to study the impact of foliar spray of nutrients and seed treatment on protein uptake and protein yield of lathyrus (Lathyrus sativus L.) Under relay cropping system at the Agronomy Research Farm of IGKV, Raipur.The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design with twelve treatments replicated thrice. highest cost of cultivation, gross return, net return and B:C ratio was found in treatment F5: 0.5% NPK (19:19:19) spray at branching and 15 days after 1st spray (11570.50, 29492.64, 18618.14, 1.712 Rs.ha-1, respectively), where as in case of seed treatment S2: seed treatment with Sodium molybdate @ 0.5 g kg-1 seed gave the maximum cost of cultivation, gross return, net return and B:C ratio (11308.17, 26475.39, 15583.39, 1.431 Rs.ha-1 , respectively).

Winter Annual Weed Suppression in Rye–Vetch Cover Crop Mixtures

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 818-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary D. Hayden ◽  
Daniel C. Brainard ◽  
Ben Henshaw ◽  
Mathieu Ngouajio
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Winter Annual Weeds ◽  
Annual Weeds

Winter annual weeds can interfere directly with crops and serve as alternative hosts for important pests, particularly in reduced tillage systems. Field experiments were conducted on loamy sand soils at two sites in Holt, MI, between 2008 and 2011 to evaluate the relative effects of cereal rye, hairy vetch, and rye–vetch mixture cover crops on the biomass and density of winter annual weed communities. All cover crop treatments significantly reduced total weed biomass compared with a no-cover-crop control, with suppression ranging from 71 to 91% for vetch to 95 to 98% for rye. In all trials, the density of nonmustard family broadleaf weeds was either not suppressed or suppressed equally by all cover crop treatments. In contrast, the density of mustard family weed species was suppressed more by rye and rye–vetch mixtures than by vetch. Cover crops were more consistently suppressive of weed dry weight per plant than of weed density, with rye-containing cover crops generally more suppressive than vetch. Overall, rye was most effective at suppressing winter annual weeds; however, rye–vetch mixtures can match the level of control achieved by rye, in addition to providing a potential source of fixed nitrogen for subsequent cash crops.

Weed Suppression by Live and Desiccated Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa)

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Teasdale ◽  
Craig S. T. Daughtry
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Light Extinction ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Vicia Villosa ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Temperature Amplitude

Hairy vetch was grown as a winter annual cover crop and evaluated for weed suppression when desiccated by paraquat or left alive until natural senescence in a 3-yr field experiment. Total weed density and biomass were variable in the desiccated hairy vetch treatment relative to a bare soil treatment but were consistently lower in the live hairy vetch treatment relative to the desiccated or bare soil treatments. An average of 87% of sites under live hairy vetch compared to 8% of sites under desiccated hairy vetch transmitted less than 1% of unobstructed sunlight. The red (660 nm) to far-red (730 nm) ratio of transmitted light was reduced by 70% under live hairy vetch compared to 17% under desiccated hairy vetch. Daily maximum soil temperature and diurnal soil temperature amplitude were reduced by live hairy vetch > desiccated hairy vetch > bare soil. Soil moisture content was greater under both live and desiccated hairy vetch compared to bare soil during droughty periods. Changes in light extinction, red to far-red ratio, and diurnal soil temperature amplitude were sufficient to explain greater weed suppression by live than desiccated hairy vetch.

scholarly journals Weed Management Strategies to Reduce Herbicide Use in Zero-Till Rice–Wheat Cropping Systems of the Indo-Gangetic Plains

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virender Kumar ◽  
Samar Singh ◽  
Rajender S. Chhokar ◽  
Ram K. Malik ◽  
Daniel C. Brainard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Weed Ecology ◽  
Gangetic Plains

In the rice–wheat (RW) systems of the Indo-Gangetic Plains of South Asia, conservation tillage practices, including zero-tillage (ZT), are being promoted to address emerging problems such as (1) shortages of labor and water, (2) declining factor productivity, (3) deterioration of soil health, and (4) climate change. Despite multiple benefits of ZT, weed control remains a major challenge to adoption, resulting in more dependence on herbicides for weed control. Alternative management strategies are needed to reduce dependence on herbicides and minimize risks associated with their overuse, including evolution of herbicide resistance. The objectives of this review are to (1) highlight and synthesize research efforts in nonchemical weed management in ZT RW systems and (2) identify future weed ecology and management research needs to facilitate successful adoption of these systems. In ZT RW systems, crop residue can play a central role in suppressing weeds through mulch effects on emergence and seed predation. In ZT rice, wheat residue mulch (5 t ha−1) reduced weed density by 22 to 76% and promoted predation of RW weeds, including littleseed canarygrass and barnyardgrass seeds. For ZT wheat, rice residue mulch (6 to 10 t ha−1) in combination with early sowing reduced emergence of littleseed canarygrass by over 80%. Other promising nonchemical approaches that can be useful in suppressing weeds in ZT RW systems include use of certified seeds, weed-competitive cultivars, stale seedbed practices, living mulches (e.g., sesbania coculture), and water and nutrient management practices that shift weed–crop competition in favor of the crop. However, more research on emergence characteristics and mulching effects of different crop residues on key weeds under ZT, cover cropping, and breeding crops for weed suppression will strengthen nonchemical weed management programs. Efforts are needed to integrate multiple tactics and to evaluate long-term effects of nonchemical weed management practices on RW cropping system sustainability.

scholarly journals Weed supression by smother crops and selective herbicides

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco José Severino ◽  
Pedro Jacob Christoffoleti
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Arachis Pintoi

Using a smother crop is thought to suppress weed density and to add other beneficial effects in sustainable agricultural systems. Weed suppression ought to be considered an essential component of integrated weed management. However, very little is known about the effects of green manure plants on weeds. This study evaluated the influence of three green manure species on weed suppression and selectivity of herbicides. A field experiment was designed to determine the effect of the green manure species Crotalaria juncea, Arachis pintoi and pigeon pea on the weeds Brachiaria decumbens, guineagrass and hairy beggarticks, and on the natural weed infestation in the inter rows area of an avocado orchard. The weed species were suppressed differently by each green manure species. Soil samples collected from the field experiment presented a residual effect, of at least 30 d, in suppressing weed seed bank recruitment; this residual effect was caused by the residues of the green manure present in the soil. When the green manure was incorporated into the top 5 cm of soil or left on the surface, in a greenhouse experiment, the emergence of weed seeds was significantly inhibited, depending on the species, and on the amount and depth of green manure incorporation. Greenhouse experiments indicate that pre-emergence herbicides cause lower phytotoxicity than post-emergence Arachis pintoi. Smother crops using green manure species, when well established in an area, provide additional weed control to the cropping system and are effective and valuable tools in integrated weed management.

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