Plasma phospholipid fatty acids, cognitive function, and risk of dementia among older adults

Background: Animal experiments in 1970s demonstrated direct cardiotoxicity of long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid (LCMUFA, 22:1 and 24:1 fatty acids) consumption. We recently found plasma phospholipid 22:1 and 24:1 to be associated with 34% and 75% higher risk (quintiles 5 vs. 1), respectively, of congestive heart failure (CHF) among older adults in the Cardiovascular Health Study. We wished to validate these results in a second independent cohort of middle-aged adults. Methods: We evaluated 3,577 adults free of CHF at baseline (age=54.1±5.8) in the Minnesota subcohort of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC) in whom plasma phospholipid LCMUFA were measured. Incident CHF was ascertained from 1988 to 2008 by annual phone contacts, hospitalization discharge codes, and death certificates. Using multivariate Cox models, we evaluated prospective association of each LCMUFA with incident CHF, and potential mediation via CHF risk factors, including ECG left ventricular hypertrophy, and incident coronary heart disease (CHD). As a negative control, we also evaluated incident stroke, given its many shared risk factors for CHF but no link to potentially direct cardiotoxicity. Results: Mean±SD plasma phospholipid levels (% of total fatty acids) of 22:1 and 24:1 were 0.01±0.03 and 0.58±0.17. Over the 64,438 person-years of follow-up, 330 CHF events occurred. After multivariable adjustment, higher levels of 22:1 and 24:1 were associated with higher risk of CHF (Figure). Hazard ratios (95%CI) for quintiles 5 vs. 1 of 22:1 and 24:1 levels were 1.57 (1.11–2.23) and 1.92 (1.22–3.03) (p trend=0.03 and 0.002), respectively. These associations were only partly attenuated by potential mediators, including incident CHD. Neither LCMUFA was associated with incident stroke (not shown). Conclusions: Higher 22:1 and 24:1 LCMUFA levels were associated with CHF risk in middle-aged adults, consistent with our prior findings in older adults. These findings support the possibility of clinical cardiotoxicity of LCMUFA in humans.

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Development and validation of a robust automated analysis of plasma phospholipid fatty acids for metabolic phenotyping of large epidemiological studies

Genome Medicine ◽

10.1186/gm443 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 39 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Laura Wang ◽

Keith Summerhill ◽

Carmen Rodriguez-Canas ◽

Ian Mather ◽

Pinal Patel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Plasma Phospholipid ◽

Automated Analysis ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Phospholipid Fatty Acids ◽

Metabolic Phenotyping ◽

Development And Validation

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The Effects of a 6-Month High Dose Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Antioxidant Vitamins Supplementation on Cognitive Function and Functional Capacity in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12020325 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 325 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pinelopi S. Stavrinou ◽

Eleni Andreou ◽

George Aphamis ◽

Marios Pantzaris ◽

Melina Ioannou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Functional Capacity ◽

Antioxidant Vitamins ◽

High Dose ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Omega 6

The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of a high-dose omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids supplementation, in combination with antioxidant vitamins, on cognitive function and functional capacity of older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), over a 6-month period in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Forty-six older adults with MCI (age: 78.8 ± 7.3 years) were randomized 1:1 to receive either a 20 mL dose of a formula containing a mixture of omega-3 (810 mg Eicosapentaenoic acid and 4140 mg Docosahexaenoic acid) and omega-6 fatty acids (1800 mg gamma-Linolenic acid and 3150 mg Linoleic acid) (1:1 w/w), with 0.6 mg vitamin A, vitamin E (22 mg) plus pure γ-tocopherol (760 mg), or 20 mL placebo containing olive oil. Participants completed assessments of cognitive function, functional capacity, body composition and various aspects of quality of life at baseline and following three and six months of supplementation. Thirty-six participants completed the study (eighteen from each group). A significant interaction between supplementation and time was found on cognitive function (Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination -Revised (ACE-R), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Stroop Color and Word Test (STROOP) color test; p < 0.001, p = 0.011 and p = 0.037, respectively), functional capacity (6-min walk test and sit-to-stand-60; p = 0.028 and p = 0.032, respectively), fatigue (p < 0.001), physical health (p = 0.007), and daily sleepiness (p = 0.007)—showing a favorable improvement for the participants receiving the supplement. The results indicate that this nutritional modality could be promising for reducing cognitive and functional decline in the elderly with MCI.

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Comparison of dietary and plasma phospholipid fatty acids between normal weight and overweight black South Africans according to metabolic health: The PURE study

Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids ◽

10.1016/j.plefa.2019.102039 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 158 ◽

pp. 102039 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A.A. Ojwang ◽

C.M. Smuts ◽

M. Zec ◽

E. Wentzel-Viljoen ◽

I.M. Kruger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Plasma Phospholipid ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Phospholipid Fatty Acids ◽

Metabolic Health ◽

South Africans ◽

Black South Africans

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Validation of a FFQ to estimate the intake of PUFA using plasma phospholipid fatty acids and weighed foods records

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114507381385 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 97 (3) ◽

pp. 561-568 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

S. A. McNaughton ◽

M. C. Hughes ◽

G. C. Marks

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Dietary Assessment ◽

Plasma Phospholipid ◽

Docosapentaenoic Acid ◽

Phospholipid Fatty Acids ◽

Food Record ◽

Dietary Assessment Methods ◽

Randomised Controlled

Due to the growing knowledge about the role of specific fatty acids in health and disease, dietary intake measurements of individual fatty acids or classes of fatty acids are becoming increasingly important. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of the Nambour FFQ to estimate intakes of specific fatty acids, particularly PUFA. The study population was a sub-sample of adult participants in a randomised controlled trial of β-carotene and sunscreen in the prevention of skin cancer (n43). Dietary intake was assessed by a self-administered FFQ and a weighed food record (WFR). Non-fasting blood samples were collected and analysed for plasma phospholipid fatty acids. Median intakes on the FFQ were generally higher than the WFR except for then-3 PUFA groups, where the FFQ estimated higher intakes. Correlations between the FFQ and WFR were moderate (r0·32–0·59) except fortransfatty acids (r0·03). Correlations between each of the dietary assessment methods and the plasma phospholipids were poor for all fatty acids other than the PUFA. Using the methods of triads approach, the FFQ validity coefficients for totaln-3 fatty acids, total long chainn-3 fatty acids, EPA, arachidonic acid, docosapentaenoic acid and DHA were 0·50, 0·63, 0·45 and 0·62 and 0·62, respectively. For most fatty acids, the FFQ adequately estimates group mean fatty acid intakes and can adequately rank individuals; however, the ability of this FFQ to estimatetransfatty acids was poor.

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