Resol-type phenolic resin from liquefied phenolated wood and its application to phenolic foam

2002 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Hwan Lee ◽  
Yoshikuni Teramoto ◽  
Nobuo Shiraishi
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Phenolic Foam ◽  
Phenolated Wood

scholarly journals Preparation and Properties of 3-Pentadecyl-phenol In-Situ Modified Foamable Phenolic Resin

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiejun Ge ◽  
Kaihong Tang ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Xiapeng Tan
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
In Situ Modification ◽  
Phenolic Foam ◽  
Closed Cell ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Limited Oxygen

In this present study, 3-pentadecyl-phenol was selected as a modifier to prepare a foamable phenolic resin with excellent performance, which was successfully prepared by in-situ modification. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR, 13C-NMR) were used to test and characterize the molecular structure of the modified resin. The results showed that 3-pentadecyl-phenol successfully modified the molecular structure of phenolic resin with a reduction in resin gel time. The effect of changing the added amount of 3-pentadecyl-phenol on the mechanical properties, microstructure and flame retardancy of the modified foam was investigated. The results showed that when the amount of added 3-pentadecyl-phenol was 15% of the total amount of phenol, this resulted in the best toughness of the modified foam, which could be increased to 300% compared to the bending deflection of the unmodified phenolic foam. The cell structure showed that the modified phenolic foam formed a more regular and dense network structure and the closed cell ratio was high. Furthermore, the compressive strength, bending strength, and limited oxygen index were improved, while the water absorption rate was lowered. However, the foam density could be kept below 40 mg/cm3, which does not affect the load.

scholarly journals Preparation and Properties of the 3-pentadecyl-phenol In Situ Modified Foamable Phenolic Resin

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiejun Ge ◽  
Kaihong Tang ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Xiapeng Tan
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
In Situ Modification ◽  
Phenolic Foam ◽  
Closed Cell ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Limited Oxygen

In this present study, 3-pentadecyl-phenol was selected as a modifier to prepare a foamable phenolic resin with excellent performance, which was successfully prepared by in situ modification. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR, 13C NMR) were used to test and characterize the molecular structure of the modified resin. The results showed that 3-pentadecyl-phenol successfully modified the molecular structure of phenolic resin with a reduction in the resin gel time. The effect of changing the added amount of 3-pentadecyl-phenol on the mechanical properties, microstructure, and flame retardancy of the modified foam was investigated. The results showed that when the amount of added 3-pentadecyl-phenol was 15% of the total amount of phenol, this resulted in the best toughness of the modified foam, which could be increased to 300% compared to the bending deflection of the unmodified phenolic foam. The cell structure showed that the modified phenolic foam formed a more regular and dense network structure and the closed cell ratio was high. Furthermore, the compressive strength, bending strength, and limited oxygen index were improved, while the water absorption rate was lowered. However, the foam density could be kept below 40 mg/cm3, which does not affect the load.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Phenolic Foam Modified with Bio-Oil

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxiang Yu ◽  
Yufei Wang ◽  
Pingping Xu ◽  
Jianmin Chang
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Phenolic Foam ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Residual Masses ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
The Fourier Transform

Bio-oil was added as a substitute for phenol for the preparation of a foaming phenolic resin (PR), which aimed to reduce the brittleness and pulverization of phenolic foam (PF). The components of bio-oil, the chemical structure of bio-oil phenolic resin (BPR), and the mechanical performances, and the morphological and thermal properties of bio-oil phenolic foam (BPF) were investigated. The bio-oil contained a number of phenols and abundant substances with long-chain alkanes. The peaks of OH groups, CH2 groups, C=O groups, and aromatic skeletal vibration on the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum became wider and sharper after adding bio-oil. These suggested that the bio-oil could partially replace phenol to prepare resin and had great potential for toughening resin. When the substitute rate of bio-oil to phenol (B/P substitute rate) was between 10% and 20%, the cell sizes of BPFs were smaller and more uniform than those of PF. The compressive strength and flexural strength of BPFs with a 10–20% B/P substitute rate increased by 10.5–47.4% and 25.0–50.5% respectively, and their pulverization ratios decreased by 14.5–38.6% in comparison to PF. All BPFs maintained good flame-retardant properties, thermal stability, and thermal isolation, although the limited oxygen index (LOI) and residual masses by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis of BPFs were lower and the thermal conducticity was slightly greater than those of PF. This indicated that the bio-oil could be used as a renewable toughening agent for PF.

Bamboo Powder Liquefaction and Resinification: Application on the Phenolic Foam

2013 ◽  
Vol 743-744 ◽  
pp. 306-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Ping Zhang ◽  
Meng Hao Du
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Foam Plastic ◽  
Alkaline Condition ◽  
Phenolic Foam ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Bamboo Powder ◽  
Foaming Temperature

Liquefaction products of bamboo powder were obtained by using phenol as liquefier and 3% sulfuric acid as catalyst. Biomass phenolic resin was formed by the reaction of bamboo powder liquefaction product and formaldehyde under alkaline condition. The yield and viscosity of resin prepared under various temperatures and resinification times were studied. The result showed that biomass phenolic resin included 2-8% of tween-80, 12-28% of p-toluenesulfonic acid, 12-28% of phosphoric acid, and 10-20% of n-pentane. The viscosity measured at the foaming temperature of 70 was 2000-4000mPa·s. The density of phenolic foam plastic prepared from biomass phenolic resin was 20.78-81.51kg/m3, and the compressive strength was 18-57N/cm2. Infrared spectroscopic analysis was also conducted on the biomass phenolic resin and phenolic foam.

Solutions and washing times of phenolic foam in lettuce seedlings production

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Sebrian Concario ◽  
Kamila Cristina de Credo Assis ◽  
Cintia Moda Salatino Guardabaxo ◽  
Jéssica Azevedo Batista ◽  
Felipe Campos Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Caustic Soda ◽  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Lettuce Seeds ◽  
Phenolic Foam ◽  
Seedling Biomass ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Times

The main characteristics of the phenolic foam are inherent to a substrate of excellent quality such as sterility, excellent aeration and high load-bearing capacity. However, as it comes from a phenolic resin, the foam has some residues that can affect the development of plants. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate different treatments for washing phenolic foam under the germination and initial growth of lettuce seedlings in two immersion times. The experimental design was completely randomized (DIC), in a 5x2 factorial scheme, containing four replications with 56 plants per plot. Each repetition was composed of a phenolic foam board. The experimental factors consisted of different substances: caustic soda (NaOH), pint lime (CaOH2), citric acid (C6H8O7), vinegar (CH3COOH) and water in solution with distilled water, and two immersion times (30 minutes and 18 hours). For the witness treatment, there was no immersion. After 18-hour immersion, the treatment with citric acid presented the best development for height and biomass in the lettuce seedlings. On the other hand, the 4,0% vinegar pretreatment was not considered viable for phenolic foam for any of the times analysed. There was a significant decrease in seedling biomass when no treatment in the foam was carried out before sowing the lettuce seeds. The caustic soda presented lower results for emergence speed index, fresh aerial biomass, height and number of leaves for the 18-hour immersion compared to the 30-minute immersion.

The Influence of Formaldehyde/Phenol Ratio on Properties of Foamable Phenolic Resin and Phenolic Foam

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 523-527
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Yu Feng Ma ◽  
Fu Xiang Chu ◽  
Chun Peng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Foam Cell ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Free Phenol ◽  
Mixed Acid ◽  
Phenolic Foam ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties

The foamable phenolic resin was prepared by gradual copolymerization of formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde and phenol using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as catalyst, by way of adding NaOH, paraformaldehyde in different steps. The environmental protection vesicant, foam stabilizer and mixed acid curing agent were mixed with the foamable phenolic resin to prepare flame-retardant insulation phenolic foam. The influence of the formaldehyde/phenol molar ratio on the activity, toxic residue of foamable phenolic resin was investigated. Besides, the foam cell structure, insulation and flame-retardant properties of the phenolic foam were also studied. The results showed that as the molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol was 2.0, the free phenol content was 2.3% and hydroxymethyl content was 34.83%, the thermal conductivity was 0.046w/mk, oxygen index was 54.3% and carbon monoxide (CO) peak production was as high as 1.8584 kg/kg, which was suitable to be used as insulation and flame-retardant materials in buildings.

scholarly journals Preparation and Properties of Acetoacetic Ester-Terminated Polyether Pre-Synthesis Modified Phenolic Foam

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiejun Ge ◽  
Kaihong Tang ◽  
Xiaojun Tang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Foam Cell ◽  
Acetoacetic Ester ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Phenolic Foam ◽  
New Type ◽  
Ft Ir

In the present study, acetoacetic ester-terminated polyether was selected as a modifier to prepare a new type of polyether phenolic resin, which was successfully prepared by pre-synthesis modification. It is used to prepare interpenetrating cross-linked network structure modified phenolic foam with excellent mechanical properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR, 13C NMR) were used to characterize the molecular structure of the polyether phenolic resin. The results showed that the acetoacetic ester-terminated polyether successfully modified the phenolic resin and introduced a polyether skeleton into the resin structure. The effect of changing the added amount of acetoacetic ester-terminated polyether from 10% to 20% of the phenol content on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the modified phenolic foam was investigated. The results showed that when the amount of acetoacetic ester-terminated polyether was 16% the amount of phenol, this resulted in the best toughness of the modified foam, which had a bending deflection that could be increased to more than three times that of the base phenolic foam. The modified phenolic foam cell diameter was reduced by 36.3%, and the distribution was more uniform, which formed a denser network structure than that of the base phenolic foam. The bending strength was increased by 0.85 MPa, and the pulverization rate was as low as 1.3%.

Study on the Nanocomposite Foam of Cardanol Phenolic Resin and Organo-Modified Montmorillonite

2013 ◽  
Vol 712-715 ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Niu ◽  
Guo Jian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Fire Performance ◽  
Phenolic Foam ◽  
Modified Montmorillonite ◽  
Nanocomposite Foams ◽  
Nanocomposite Foam

In this article, a series of novel phenolic resin modified with cardanol were synthesized. The influence of reaction condition and cardanol content on the structure and properties of phenolic resin was evaluated. The nanocomposite phenolic foam was then prepared by infusing the organo-modified montmorillonite (OMMT) in the synthesis step of cardanol phenolic resin to produce nanocomposite phenolic foams. These phenolic foams were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM and TGA. And the mechanical properties and fire performance of these nanocomposite foams were also measured. The results showed that the cardanol component could reduce the crosslink density of phenolic foam and thus improve the mechanical properties; the OMMT platelets were 3~10μm in diameter and 40~50nm in thick. These platelets can exfoliated and dispersed well in the nanocomposite due to the hydrogen-bonding between organo-modifier and phenolic matrix and improve the thermal stability, fire resistance and also the mechanical properties of nanocomposite foam.

IN FIBERS, A FORTUNE: CAN A PHENOLIC RESIN HELP YOU FIND IT?

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Resin

Production of Asbestos-free Brake Pad Using Groundnut Shell as Filler Material

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Solomon ◽  
M. T. Lilly ◽  
J. I. Sodiki
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Filler Material ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Sieve Size ◽  
Groundnut Shell ◽  
The Cost

The development and evaluation of brake pads using groundnut shell (GS) particles as substitute material for asbestos were carried out in this study. This was with a view to harnessing the properties of GS, which is largely deposited as waste, and in replacing asbestos which is carcinogenic in nature despite its good tribological and mechanical properties. Two sets of composite material were developed using varying particle sizes of GS as filler material, with phenolic resin as binder with percentage compositions of 45% and 50% respectively. Results obtained indicate that the compressive strength and density increase as the sieve size of the filler material decreases, while water and oil absorption rates increase with an increase in sieve size of GS particle. This study also indicates that the cost of producing brake pad can be reduced by 19.14 percent if GS is use as filler material in producing brake pad. The results when compared with those of asbestos and industrial waste showed that GS particle can be used as an effective replacement for asbestos in producing automobile brake pad. Unlike asbestos, GS-based brake pads are environmental friendly, biodegradable and cost effective.

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