Age-specific physical activity and prostate cancer risk among white men and black men

235 Background: We previously reported that physical activity may reduce prostate cancer (CaP) risk among men undergoing prostate biopsy. However, whether the potential benefit of exercise against cancer differs by race is unclear. We therefore sought to further characterize the link between physical activity and CaP risk as a function of race. Methods: Men undergoing prostate biopsy at the Durham VA Hospital were asked to complete a survey assessment of current exercise habits including frequency of differing intensities (mild, moderate and strenuous) as well as the average duration. Total current exercise was calculated by multiplying the frequency of sessions within each intensity by their average duration, weighted by the estimated metabolic equivalent (MET) and then summed across all intensities expressed as average total MET hrs/wk. Specifically, exercise intensities were as follows: mild (3 METs, e.g. easy walking), moderate (5 METs, e.g. tennis), and strenuous (9 METs, e.g. running). Quantified exercise was compared between race groups using rank sum test. Associations between exercise and CaP risk was determined using crude and adjusted logistic regression stratified by race. Results: A total of 308 men had complete data for analysis. Of these men, 53% were white and 47% were black. There was no significant difference in the amount of physical activity between race groups (p= 0.11). Increased amount of exercise was associated with decreased CaP risk for white men in both crude (OR= 0.89; 95% CI=0.81–0.98; p=0.02) and adjusted (OR=0.90; 95% CI=0.82−0.99; p=0.04) regression models that controlled for age, BMI, DRE, previous biopsy, and family history of CaP. We found no association between exercise and CaP risk among black men in both crude (p=0.79) and adjusted regression models (p=0.87). Conclusions: Increased physical activity was associated with CaP risk reduction among white men but not among black men. Further investigations to validate this potential source of CaP race disparity and to identify exercise-specific parameters that influence CaP risk reduction (ex. age-specific or cumulative exercise) are required. Investigating the race-specific mechanisms through which exercise modifies CaP risk is also warranted.

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“We're talking about black men here, there's a difference” cultural differences in socialised knowledge of prostate cancer risk: A qualitative research study

European Journal of Oncology Nursing ◽

10.1016/j.ejon.2021.102080 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 102080

Author(s):

Sarah Louise Fry ◽

Jane Hopkinson ◽

Daniel Kelly

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Qualitative Research ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Cultural Differences ◽

Black Men ◽

Research Study ◽

Prostate Cancer Risk ◽

Qualitative Research Study

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Difference in Association of Obesity With Prostate Cancer Risk Between US African American and Non-Hispanic White Men in the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT)

JAMA Oncology ◽

10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.0513 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 342 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Wendy E. Barrington ◽

Jeannette M. Schenk ◽

Ruth Etzioni ◽

Kathryn B. Arnold ◽

Marian L. Neuhouser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

African American ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Cancer Prevention ◽

Prostate Cancer Risk ◽

White Men ◽

Prevention Trial ◽

Hispanic White

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Appraising causal relationships of dietary, nutritional and physical-activity exposures with overall and aggressive prostate cancer: two-sample Mendelian-randomization study based on 79 148 prostate-cancer cases and 61 106 controls

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyz235 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 587-596 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Nabila Kazmi ◽

Philip Haycock ◽

Konstantinos Tsilidis ◽

Brigid M Lynch ◽

Therese Truong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Prostate Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Serum Iron ◽

Mendelian Randomization ◽

Prostate Cancer Risk ◽

Uk Biobank ◽

Monounsaturated Fat ◽

Aggressive Prostate Cancer

Abstract Background Prostate cancer is the second most common male cancer worldwide, but there is substantial geographical variation, suggesting a potential role for modifiable risk factors in prostate carcinogenesis. Methods We identified previously reported prostate cancer risk factors from the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)’s systematic appraisal of the global evidence (2018). We assessed whether each identified risk factor was causally associated with risk of overall (79 148 cases and 61 106 controls) or aggressive (15 167 cases and 58 308 controls) prostate cancer using Mendelian randomization (MR) based on genome-wide association-study summary statistics from the PRACTICAL and GAME-ON/ELLIPSE consortia. We assessed evidence for replication in UK Biobank (7844 prostate-cancer cases and 204 001 controls). Results WCRF identified 57 potential risk factors, of which 22 could be instrumented for MR analyses using single nucleotide polymorphisms. For overall prostate cancer, we identified evidence compatible with causality for the following risk factors (odds ratio [OR] per standard deviation increase; 95% confidence interval): accelerometer-measured physical activity, OR = 0.49 (0.33–0.72; P = 0.0003); serum iron, OR = 0.92 (0.86–0.98; P = 0.007); body mass index (BMI), OR = 0.90 (0.84–0.97; P = 0.003); and monounsaturated fat, OR = 1.11 (1.02–1.20; P = 0.02). Findings in our replication analyses in UK Biobank were compatible with our main analyses (albeit with wide confidence intervals). In MR analysis, height was positively associated with aggressive-prostate-cancer risk: OR = 1.07 (1.01–1.15; P = 0.03). Conclusions The results for physical activity, serum iron, BMI, monounsaturated fat and height are compatible with causality for prostate cancer. The results suggest that interventions aimed at increasing physical activity may reduce prostate-cancer risk, although interventions to change other risk factors may have negative consequences on other diseases.

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Moderate physical activity and prostate cancer risk: A case?control study in china

European Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1007/s10654-004-3007-7 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 155-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Le Jian ◽

Zhou Jun Shen ◽

Andy H. Lee ◽

Colin W. Binns

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Prostate Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Prostate Cancer Risk ◽

Case Control ◽

Moderate Physical Activity ◽

Control Study

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Appraising causal relationships of dietary, nutritional and physical-activity exposures with overall and aggressive prostate cancer: two-sample Mendelian randomization study based on 79,148 prostate cancer cases and 61,106 controls

10.1101/674820 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Nabila Kazmi ◽

Philip Haycock ◽

Konstantinos Tsilidis ◽

Brigid M. Lynch ◽

Therese Truong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Prostate Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Cancer Research ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Serum Iron ◽

Mendelian Randomization ◽

Prostate Cancer Risk ◽

Uk Biobank ◽

Unsaturated Fat

SummaryBackgroundProstate cancer is the second most common male cancer worldwide, but there is substantial geographical variation suggesting a potential role for modifiable risk factors in prostate carcinogenesis.MethodsWe identified previously reported prostate cancer risk factors from the World Cancer Research Fund’s (WCRF) systematic appraisal of the global evidence (2018). We assessed whether each identified risk factor was causally associated with risk of overall (79,148 cases and 61,106 controls) or aggressive (15,167 cases and 58,308 controls) prostate cancer using Mendelian randomization (MR) based on genome wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from the PRACTICAL and GAME-ON/ELLIPSE consortia. We assessed evidence for replication in UK Biobank (7,844 prostate cancer cases and 204,001 controls).FindingsWCRF identified 57 potential risk factors, of which 22 could be instrumented for MR analyses using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In MR analyses for overall prostate cancer, we identified evidence compatible with causality for the following risk factors (odds ratio [OR] per standard deviation increase; 95% confidence interval): accelerometer-measured physical-activity, OR=0.49 (0.33-0.72; p=0.0003); serum iron, OR=0.92 (0.86-0.98; p=0.007); body mass index (BMI), OR=0.90 (0.84-0.97; p=0.003); and mono-unsaturated fat, OR=1.11 (1.02-1.20; p=0.02). Findings in our replication analyses in UK Biobank were compatible with our main analyses (albeit with wide confidence intervals). In MR analysis, height was positively associated with aggressive prostate cancer risk: OR=1.07 (1.01-1.15; p=0.03).InterpretationThe results for physical-activity, serum iron, BMI, mono-unsaturated fat and height are compatible with causality for prostate cancer but more research is needed to rule out violations of MR assumptions for some risk factors. The results suggest that interventions aimed at increasing physical activity may reduce prostate cancer risk, but the direction of effects of BMI, and iron are at odds with their effects on other diseases, so the overall public health impact of intervening on these need to be considered.FundingWorld Cancer Research Fund International (2015/1421), Cancer Research UK program grant (C18281/A19169), National Institute for Health Research, Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, and Victorian Cancer Agency (MCRF18005).

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