Combining abilities and elite germplasm enhancement across US public sorghum breeding programs

Long-Term Selection in Hybrid Sorghum Breeding Programs

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci2018.05.0345 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 150-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Brian K. Pfeiffer ◽

Dennis Pietsch ◽

Ronnie W. Schnell ◽

William L. Rooney

Keyword(s):

Breeding Programs ◽

Term Selection ◽

Sorghum Breeding

GENOTYPE × ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS FROM YIELD TESTS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO SORGHUM BREEDING PROGRAMS

Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology ◽

10.1139/g66-038 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 306-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

George H. L. Liang ◽

T. L. Walter

Keyword(s):

Breeding Programs ◽

Sorghum Breeding

Potato Germplasm Enhancement Enters the Genomics Era

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9100575 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 575 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Paul C. Bethke ◽

Dennis A. Halterman ◽

Shelley H. Jansky

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequences ◽

Germplasm Enhancement ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

The Past ◽

Potato Germplasm ◽

Wild Crop Relatives ◽

Genomics Tools ◽

Novel Alleles ◽

New Strategies ◽

Crop Relatives

The goal of germplasm enhancement is to introgress traits from wild crop relatives into cultivated material and eventually cultivars. It seeks to restore genetic diversity that has been lost over time or to augment cultivated material with novel alleles that improve parents in breeding programs. This paper discusses potato germplasm enhancement efforts in the past, focusing on effective examples such as disease resistance and processing quality. In addition, it outlines new strategies for enhancement efforts, shifting the focus from evaluating phenotypes to tracking and manipulating specific DNA sequences. In the genomics era, germplasm enhancement will increasingly be focused on identifying and introgressing alleles rather than traits. Alleles will come from a broad pool of genetic resources that include wild species relatives of potato, landraces, cultivated potato itself, and distantly-related species. Genomics tools will greatly increase the efficiency of introgressing multi-genic traits and will make it possible to identify rare alleles and utilize recessive alleles.

Evaluation of the grain methionine, lysine and tryptophan contents of maize ( Zea mays L.) germplasm in the Germplasm Enhancement of Maize Project

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262109264148 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 7 (03) ◽

pp. 237-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. Paul Scott ◽

Michael Blanco

Keyword(s):

Latin American ◽

Protein Quality ◽

Screening Program ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Field Trials ◽

Private Industry ◽

Germplasm Enhancement ◽

Cooperative Effort ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

High Amino Acid

The Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) Project is a cooperative effort between the USDA-ARS, private industry and public researchers to broaden and enhance the germplasm base of maize. In this program, selected accessions from the Latin American Maize Project, and seven tropical hybrids donated by DeKalb to the GEM Project, were crossed to elite proprietary inbred lines contributed by commercial plant breeding programs. In most cases, the resulting hybrids were crossed to a second commercial inbred line and the resulting 25% exotic hybrids were used as breeding populations for further development. To identify GEM germplasm with value to protein quality breeding programs, we developed a process for evaluating the content of the essential amino acids methionine, lysine and tryptophan in the grain of GEM germplasm that balances the need for multiple-year evaluations with the constantly changing entry list of this germplasm screening program. This process involves annual field trials with common checks. Weak entries are dropped from the trial each year to make room for new entries, while strong entries are retained. Methionine exhibited the most significant variation, followed by lysine and then tryptophan. A number of GEM lines had methionine or lysine levels that were significantly better than Corn Belt checks and some were competitive with high-amino acid checks.

Introducing Beneficial Alleles from Plant Genetic Resources into the Wheat Germplasm

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10100982 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 982

Author(s):

Shivali Sharma ◽

Albert Schulthess ◽

Filippo Bassi ◽

Ekaterina Badaeva ◽

Kerstin Neumann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Resources ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Selection Processes ◽

Starting Point ◽

The Status ◽

Modern Wheat ◽

Elite Germplasm

Wheat (Triticum sp.) is one of the world’s most important crops, and constantly increasing its productivity is crucial to the livelihoods of millions of people. However, more than a century of intensive breeding and selection processes have eroded genetic diversity in the elite genepool, making new genetic gains difficult. Therefore, the need to introduce novel genetic diversity into modern wheat has become increasingly important. This review provides an overview of the plant genetic resources (PGR) available for wheat. We describe the most important taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships of these PGR to guide their use in wheat breeding. In addition, we present the status of the use of some of these resources in wheat breeding programs. We propose several introgression schemes that allow the transfer of qualitative and quantitative alleles from PGR into elite germplasm. With this in mind, we propose the use of a stage-gate approach to align the pre-breeding with main breeding programs to meet the needs of breeders, farmers, and end-users. Overall, this review provides a clear starting point to guide the introgression of useful alleles over the next decade.

Long-term Selection in Hybrid Sorghum Breeding Programs

CSA News ◽

10.2134/csa2019.64.0305 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 8-8

Keyword(s):

Breeding Programs ◽

Term Selection ◽

Sorghum Breeding

Phenotypic stability and adaptability of sweet sorghum genotypes evaluated in different Brazilian regions

Agronomy Science and Biotechnology ◽

10.33158/asb.r147.v8.2022 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Ruane Alice Silva ◽

Michele Jorge Silva ◽

Pedro César Oliveira Ribeiro ◽

Nádia Nardely Lacerda Durães Parrella ◽

Robert Eugene Schaffert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sweet Sorghum ◽

Block Design ◽

Stability Study ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Superior Performance ◽

Phenotypic Stability ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Sorghum Breeding ◽

Sorghum Genotypes ◽

Solids Content

Sweet sorghum is a special purpose sorghum with a sugar-rich stalk, almost like sugarcane. The objective of this work was to evaluate the phenotypic stability and adaptability of sweet sorghum genotypes, in different Brazilian regions, for the production of bioethanol. Twenty-five sweet sorghum genotypes were evaluated in 10 environments distributed in the Southeast, Midwest, Northeast, and Southern regions of Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three repetitions. The following agroindustrial traits were evaluated: fresh biomass yield (FBY), total soluble solids content (TSS) and tons of Brix per hectare (TBH). The adaptability and stability analyzes were performed with the methods GGEbiplot and Annicchiarico methodologies. The Annicchiarico and GGEbiplot adaptability and stability study methods presented satisfactory and consistent results and can be used separately or together in sweet sorghum breeding programs, and B005 and B008 sweet sorghum genotypes presented superior performance, with similar classification in both methods studied.

MUSCADINE GERMPLASM EVALUATION IN THE GULF SOUTH

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.28.4.275c ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 275C-275

Author(s):

Creighton Gupton ◽

Barbara Smith

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Block Design ◽

Fresh Fruit ◽

Harvest Date ◽

Germplasm Evaluation ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Vitis Rotundifolia ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Black Beauty ◽

Elite Germplasm

Twenty-two muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia) cultivars wars planted in a 4-replication randomized complete block design to 1) accumulate elite germplasm 2) evaluate germplasm and catalog traits that are potentially useful in breeding programs for improving quality and reducing diseases of muscadines consumed as wine, unfermented products, or fresh fruit, and 3) identify cultivars that have acceptable fresh fruit quality. Harvest date ranged from 25 August 92 for 'Southland,' 'Sugargate,' and 'Summit' to 17 September 92 for 'Doreen,' and 'Watergate'. 'Magnolia,' 'Doreen,' 'Janebell,' 'Higgins,' 'Carlos,' and *Welder' produced the highest yields and 'Sugargate,' 'Black Beauty,' 'Fry Seedless,' 'Jumbo,' and 'Sweet Jenny' were the lowest yielding cultivars. The largest berries were produced by 'Black Beauty,' 'Sweet Jenny,' 'Sugargate,' 'Supreme,' and 'Jumbo'. 'Fry Seedless,' 'Nobel,' 'Welder,' 'Doreen,' 'Hunt,' 'Southland,' and 'Sterling' produced the smallest berries. Virtually no ripe rot was found on any cultivar. 'Doreen,' Fry Seedless,' 'Nobel,' 'Supreme,' and 'Welder' were practically free of all disease. The most promising fresh fruit cultivars were 'Supreme,' 'Sweet Jenny,' and 'Black Beauty'.

Combining ability and heterosis in common bean cultivars

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2008000900007 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 43 (9) ◽

pp. 1143-1150 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Maria Celeste Gonçalves-Vidigal ◽

Lucas Silvério ◽

Haroldo Tavares Elias ◽

Pedro Soares Vidigal Filho ◽

Marcus Vinícius Kvitschal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Common Bean ◽

Plant Height ◽

Combining Ability ◽

Yield Components ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Genetic Effects ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Combining Abilities ◽

Number Of Seeds

The objective of this work was to determine the combining ability and heterosis, for productivity and yield components, in diallel hybrids derived from crossings between BRSMG-Talismã, IPR Uirapuru, FT Soberano, BRS Campeiro, IAC Tybatã, and IPR Juriti parent cultivars. Fifteen hybrids were generated from diallel crosses, excluding reciprocals. The general and specific combining abilities were significant for plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds per pod, 50-seed weight, and grain yield, indicating the occurrence of both additive and nonadditive genetic effects. The best strategy to be adopted is the use of BRS Campeiro, FT Soberano and BRSMG-Talismã cultivars in common bean breeding programs involving selection. The most promising combinations were 'IPR Uirapuru' x 'IAC Tybatã', 'IPR Uirapuru' x 'FT Soberano', 'BRS Campeiro' x 'IPR Juriti', and 'BRS Campeiro' x 'IAC Tybatã'. The parents of these hybrids presented high estimates of specific combining abilities. Hybridization of cultivars belonging to distinguished commercial groups propitiates higher heterosis values in the segregant population.

Prospects of Developing Novel Genetic Resources by Chemical and Physical Mutagenesis to Enlarge the Genetic Window in Bread Wheat Varieties

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11070621 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 621

Author(s):

Momina Hussain ◽

Maryyam Gul ◽

Roop Kamal ◽

Muhammad Atif Iqbal ◽

Sana Zulfiqar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Rust Resistance ◽

Heading Date ◽

Induced Mutations ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Genetic Gains ◽

Γ Rays ◽

Artificial Mutagenesis ◽

Elite Germplasm

Sustainable production and improved genetic gains can be achieved by broadening the genetic window of elite wheat germplasm. Here, we induced mutations in two spring wheat varieties, viz., NN-Gandum-1 (NN-1) and Punjab-11 (Pb-11), by exposing their seeds to ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) and γ-rays, respectively. We characterized >3500 lines of each NN-1 and Pb-11 derived population in three consecutive generations, viz., M5, M6, and M7, for important traits, e.g., plant height, heading date, spike morphology and rust resistance. We observed significant genetic variation and correlations in both populations for all investigated traits. We observed differences in terms of number of mutants between NN-1 (22.76%) and Pb-11 (26.18%) which could be ascribed to the genotype-by-mutagen interaction. High broad-sense heritability (H2) estimates, that are vital for higher genetic gains, were observed for all of the investigated traits in both populations (H2 = 0.69–0.91 in NN-1 and 0.84–0.98 in Pb-11). Particularly, to breed for rust resistance, we selected a subset (n = 239) of M7 lines that also showed phenotypic variation for other traits. Our studies (1) show the relevance to artificial mutagenesis to create genetic variation in elite germplasm for their immediate use in current breeding programs, and (2) provide material for downstream identification of genes associated with traits of high agronomic importance.