scholarly journals Combining ability and heterosis in common bean cultivars

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 1143-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Celeste Gonçalves-Vidigal ◽  
Lucas Silvério ◽  
Haroldo Tavares Elias ◽  
Pedro Soares Vidigal Filho ◽  
Marcus Vinícius Kvitschal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Combining Abilities ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The objective of this work was to determine the combining ability and heterosis, for productivity and yield components, in diallel hybrids derived from crossings between BRSMG-Talismã, IPR Uirapuru, FT Soberano, BRS Campeiro, IAC Tybatã, and IPR Juriti parent cultivars. Fifteen hybrids were generated from diallel crosses, excluding reciprocals. The general and specific combining abilities were significant for plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds per pod, 50-seed weight, and grain yield, indicating the occurrence of both additive and nonadditive genetic effects. The best strategy to be adopted is the use of BRS Campeiro, FT Soberano and BRSMG-Talismã cultivars in common bean breeding programs involving selection. The most promising combinations were 'IPR Uirapuru' x 'IAC Tybatã', 'IPR Uirapuru' x 'FT Soberano', 'BRS Campeiro' x 'IPR Juriti', and 'BRS Campeiro' x 'IAC Tybatã'. The parents of these hybrids presented high estimates of specific combining abilities. Hybridization of cultivars belonging to distinguished commercial groups propitiates higher heterosis values in the segregant population.

Combining abilities of certain characters and estimation of hybrid vigour in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Göksoy ◽  
Z. M. Turan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Hybrid Vigour ◽  
Head Diameter ◽  
Combining Abilities ◽  
Number Of Seeds

This research was carried out in 1997 and 1998 in order to study the genetic structure of a hybrid population established from three CMS (cytoplasmic male sterile) lines and four pollen tester (restorer) lines, to identify the parents and crosses showing superior general and specific combining abilities and finally to evaluate F1 hybrid vigour. According to the results, the variance due to specific combining ability (SCA) was highly significant for seed yield, number of seeds per head and plant height. These traits of sunflower were influenced, mostly, by dominant gene actions. Neither general (GCA) nor specific combining ability (SCA) variances were found to be significant for head diameter and 1000-seed weight. most of the total genetic variation in these characteristics was caused by epistatic gene actions due to SCA variances, which were higher than GCA variances. The parental lines CMS381, CMS461, RHA684 and RHA892 had the highest positive GCA effects for seed yield and in terms of the other traits studied, but these effects were not significant for all the traits observed. The crosses CMS191×RHA723, CMS191×RHA892, CMS381×RHA684 and CMS461×RHA684 might be considered as promising combinations in terms of seed yield and yield components. The amounts of heterosis and heterobeltiosis ranged from -8.4 to +16.3% to -21.3 to +3.4% for plant height, from 46.3-82.3% to 20.3-48.3% for head diameter, from -14.8 to +52.6% to.-16.5 +46.9% for number of seeds per head, from -3.3 to +42.7 to -19.0 to +21.0% for 1000-seed weight and from 19.8-98.1 to 4.6-89.8% for seed yield.

Combining Ability of Plant Height and Yield components in Indian Mustard (Brassica junceaL.Czern & Coss.) under Salt affected Soil using Line×Tester Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SHAILESH CHAND GAUTAM ◽  
MP Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects

Line × tester analysis of twenty lines and three testers of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss.) cultivars were used to estimate general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) effects, high parent heterosis and narrow-sense heritability estimate for plant height, yield components and seed yield. Significant variance of line x tester for the traits like pods per plant and seed yield indicating non additive genetic effects have important role for controlling these traits. Significant mean squares of parents v/s crosses which are indicating significant average heterosis were also significant for all the traits except seeds per pod. High narrow-sense heritability estimates for all the traits except seeds per pod exhibited the prime importance of additive genetic effects for these traits except seeds per pod. Most of the crosses with negative SCA effect for plant height had at least one parent with significant negative or negative GCA effect for this trait. For most of the traits except pods per plant, the efficiency of high parent heterosis effect was more than SCA effect for determining superior cross combinations.

scholarly journals Combining ability and heterosis for grain yield, fodder yield and other agronomic traits in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1001-1005
Author(s):  
Sushil Kumar ◽  
Pooran Chand
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Fodder Yield ◽  
Standard Heterosis ◽  
100 Seed Weight

Forty five hybrids derived from a diallel mating design of ten parents and one standard check PUSA CHARI-121 were evaluated for general and specific combining ability effects and standard heterosis for grain yield/plant, dry fodder yield/plant, days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, number of leaves/plant, leaf length, leaf breadth and 100- seed weight of Sorghum bicolor. The mean square due to general and specific combining ability was significan for Days to 50% flowering, Days to maturity, Plant height (cm),No of Leaves/plant, Leaf length (cm), Leaf width (cm), seed yield/plant (g), Fodder yield/plant (q/ha) and 100-seed weight (g) for all the characters. Both additive and non additive genetic effects were present in the material under study. However the ratio of σ2gca/ σ2sca suggested that the preponderance of non additive gene action in expression of all the characters under study. Out of the nine parents PUSA CHARI-121, PANT CHARI-4, MP CHARI, PANT CHARI-6 and PANT CHARI-5 identified as good general combiner for grain yield/plant, dry fodder yield/plant and other agronomical traits. The hybrid HC-136 x PANT CHARI-4 and PANT CHARI-4 x PUSA CHARI-121 for grain yield/plant and hybrid MP CHARI x PANT CHARI-6, PANT CHARI-5 x SPV 1616 and HC-136 x PANT CHARI-4 for dry fodder yield/plant exhibited higher magnitude of positive significant specific combining ability effect with highest standard heterosis and per se performance. These hybrids were also found suitable for two or three yield contributing traits. In general, close association between specific combining ability effects and standard heterosis was observed among the best hybrids identified on the basis of specific combining ability effects for grain and dry fodder yield.

scholarly journals Five decades of black common bean genetic breeding in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leiri Daiane Barili ◽  
Naine Martins do Vale ◽  
José Eustáquio de Souza Carneiro ◽  
Fabyano Fonseca e Silva ◽  
Felipe Lopes da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Breeding

ABSTRACT The increase in grain yield and other agronomic traits, in common bean cultivars, is due, in large part, to its genetic breeding. This study aimed at estimating the genetic progress for grain yield and other important agronomic traits in black common bean cultivars recommended by Brazilian breeding programs between 1960 and 2013. A randomized blocks design was used, with three replications and 40 black common bean cultivars. The following traits were evaluated: grain yield and appearance, plant architecture, number of pods per plant and seeds per pod and 1,000-seed weight. The genetic progress was estimated from the trait averages over the years, using bissegmented linear regression models that allowed the inference of the exact year in which the black common bean breeding began to present significant genetic progress. For grain yield, the genetic progress was observed from 1988, with an annual gain of 2.42 %. Improvements also occurred to grain appearance (1.85 %), plant architecture (1.35 %), number of pods per plant (2.36 %) and seeds per pod (2.24 %) and 1,000-seed weight (1.42 %), mainly after 1989.

scholarly journals Effect of Mechanical, Cultural and Chemical Weed Control on Yield and Yield Components of Pigeonpeas, Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.

1969 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-472
Author(s):  
R. Abrams ◽  
F. J. Juliá
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Four determinate and four indeterminate types of pigeonpea cultivars and experimental lines were grown at the Isabela Agricultural Experiment Substation during 1971-72 to determine the effects of mechanical, cultural and chemical weed control practices on six characters affecting pigeonpea yield. The chemical, mechanical and hand weed control treatments increased the green pod yield and the number of pods per plant, but had no effect on plant height, number of days to flower, seed weight, and number of seeds per pod. Greatest yield increase was obtained by weed control with chemicals.

scholarly journals Agronomic performance and genotypic diversity for morphological traits among early maize genotypes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhim Nath Adhikari ◽  
Jiban Shrestha ◽  
Bishal Dhakal ◽  
Bishnu Prasad Joshi ◽  
Naba Raj Bhatta
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Maize Germplasm ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Ear Height

Detailed information on the genetic diversity between maize germplasm (Zea mays L.) is useful for their systematic and efficient use in breeding programs. Fourteen early maize genotypes were studied to assess their performance and genotypic diversity at Doti, Nepal in 2015. Days to tasseling, days to silking, plant height, ear height, ear length, ear diameter and grain yield were significant among genotypes. Genotype SO3TEY-PO-BM, COMPOL-NIOBP and ACROSS-99402 were found higher yielder with earlier maturity. Days to tasseling (0.85), days to silking (0.82), plant height (0.79), ear length (0.71) and ear diameter (0.66) were found highly heritable traits. Grain yield (0.39) and ear height (0.47) medium and remaining traits showed low heritability. High PCV was observed for grain yield (35.10%), number of plants/plot (34.46%), tesseling silking interval (26.85%), harvested ears/plot (24.45%) and husk cover rating (22.85%) where other traits showed medium to low PCV. Grain yield showed high GCV (21.96%), ear height and husk cover had medium and remaining traits showed low GCV (<10%). Plant height (r₌0.498), harvested plants/plot (r₌0.412), harvested ear/plot (r₌0.762), ear length (r₌0.472) and ear diameter (r₌0.470) showed significant positive correlation with grain yield. The yield can be improved if selection applied in favor of those yield components.

Correlations and path analysis of yield components in synthetic varieties of sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Göksoy ◽  
Z. Turan
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Head Diameter ◽  
Synthetic Varieties ◽  
Number Of Seeds

This study was made in order to determine the correlations between seed yield and some yield components, and the direct and indirect effects of these characters on seed yield in sunflower. Four experimental synthetic varieties (Syn 1s), their parental mixtures (Syn Os) and two standard varieties (open pollinated: Vniimk 8931, and commercial hybrid: Sunbred-281) were evaluated in replicated field trials under Turkish conditions in 1995, 1996 and 1997. Agronomic characteristics such as plant height, head diameter, number of seeds per head, 1000-seed weight and seed yield were observed for correlations and path coefficient analysis.According to the results, seed yield gave significant positive correlations with plant height, head diameter, number of seeds per head and 1000-seed weight. The highest positive correlation was observed between seed yield and number of seeds per head (r=0.890**). Path analysis indicated that the number of seeds per head gave the greatest direct effect (+0.7269) on seed yield, followed by 1000-seed weight (+0.3215) and head diameter (+0.1689). The percentage of direct effects on seed yield was 80.8%, 50.6% and 24.0% for number of seeds per head, 1000-seed weight and head diameter, respectively.

scholarly journals Comparative Productivity and Adaptive ability of Forage Pea (Pisum sativum L.) and Vetch (Vicia sativa L.) Cultivars

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Natalia Anastasova Georgieva ◽  
Valentin Ivanov Kosev
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Adaptive Ability ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Selection Of

<p>Adaptive potential of forage pea and vetch accessions was estimated based on seed yield and yield components. А varietal-specific reaction of the studied accessions to environmental conditions was established. The conducted assessment of selective value of genotypes gave accurate data for breeding of highly productive forms. Among studied pea varieties the following were characterized to possess adaptive ability and selective value - Glyans for numbers of seeds (1000 seed weight and seed yield), Kamerton for plant height, and Svit for seed yield. In terms of general adaptive ability and stability in plant height with the greatest value as a starting material was vetch variety Vilena. Moldovskaya was of interest in terms of 1000 seed weight. Liya is preferred vetch genotype for improving the number of seeds per plant and for selection of new forms for improving grain yield.</p>

Estimates of combining ability, reciprocal effects and heterosis for yield and yield components in a common bean diallel cross

1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Foolad ◽  
A. Bassiri
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Reciprocal Effects ◽  
Diallel Crossing ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds

SUMMARYA diallel crossing system involving two Pinto and two Kidney common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars was evaluated in the field. Pin toes were significantly different from the Kidneys in seed yield and numbers of pods and seeds per plant and 100·seed weight. All the traits showed statistical significance among crosses and in comparisons involving parental v. cross means. Heterosis values were large and significant for yield, numbers of pods and seeds per plant, number of seeds per pod and number of days from planting to flowering. The ratio of general to specific combining ability mean squares was low for yield, numbers of pods and seeds per plant and high for 100·seed weight and number of days to flowering. Significant reciprocal effects were found for seed yield and number of seeds per plant, but this effect was completely absent for 100·seed weight.

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE, NITROGEN FERTILIZATION AND MOISTURE STRESS ON YIELD, YIELD COMPONENTS, PROTEIN CONTENT AND MOISTURE USE EFFICIENCY OF MANITOU SPRING WHEAT

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 963-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. CAMPBELL ◽  
H. R. DAVIDSON
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The effects of temperature, nitrogen fertility (N), and moisture stress on the yield components, protein content and moisture use efficiency of Manitou wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were determined under simulated irrigation in a 2 × 3 × 5 factorial experiment. Grain yield was directly related to and mainly influenced by N. Yield was directly related to the number of spikes (r = 0.71**), and the number of seeds/spike (r = 0.65**), and inversely related to average seed weight (r = −0.41**). Seed weight was also inversely related to the number of spikes and number of seeds per spike. At maturity, the number of spikes was directly and mainly affected by N. The number of spikelets per spike, seed set of primary and secondary florets, and seed weight were inversely related to, and mainly a function of, temperature. At high temperature and low NO3-N, low moisture stress was detrimental to several yield components where these conditions existed during a period critical to the development of the component. These poor responses were alleviated by high moisture stress or high rate of NO3-N fertilizer or both. Grain protein was mainly influenced by temperature to which it was directly related. Protein was increased by N at day/night temperatures of T22/12 °C, but was unaffected by N at T27/12 °C; it was also increased by high moisture stress applied between last leaf visible and anthesis. Grain protein was inversely related to grain yield at any given level of N. Covariance was used to isolate the true effect (i.e., corrected for yield effects) of the treatment variables on protein. In this experiment, N influenced protein only via its effect on grain yield. Moisture use efficiency for grain production was improved by all factors that increased grain yield (e.g., increased N, low temperature, or high moisture stress between tillering and last leaf visible). Efficiency was deleteriously affected by moisture stress between last leaf visible and anthesis.

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