Validation of a test meal paradigm to experimentally manipulate meal‐related fears: A registered report

The aims of this study were to 1) investigate gastric myoelectrical activity in patients with gastroparesis, 2) validate the cutaneous electrogastrogram (EGG) in tracking the frequency change of the gastric slow wave, and 3) investigate the effect of electrical stimulation on gastric myoelectrical activity. Gastric myoelectrical activity was recorded in 12 patients with documented gastroparesis using serosal electrodes for > 200 min in each subject. All recordings were made at least 4 days after surgery. Each session consisted of a 30-min recording in the fasting state and a 30-min recording after a test meal. The test meal (liquid or mixed) was selected according to patient's tolerance. Electrical stimulation was performed in three subjects via the serosal electrodes at a frequency of 3 cycles/min. Gastric myoelectrical activity was recorded using serosal electrodes in each session. The serosal recording showed slow waves of 2.5 to 4.0 cycles/min in all 12 subjects. Absence of spikes was noted in 11 of the 12 subjects. The simultaneous serosal and cutaneous recording of gastric myoelectrical activity showed that the frequency of the EGG was exactly the same as that of the serosal recording. Liquid meals resulted in a significant decrease in slow-wave frequency (Student's t test, P = 0.006), and the EGG accurately reflected this change. Electrical stimulation had no effect on the frequency of the gastric slow wave and did not induce spikes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Leucine or carbohydrate supplementation reduces AMPK and eEF2 phosphorylation and extends postprandial muscle protein synthesis in rats

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00242.2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 301 (6) ◽

pp. E1236-E1242 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Gabriel J. Wilson ◽

Donald K. Layman ◽

Christopher J. Moulton ◽

Layne E. Norton ◽

Tracy G. Anthony ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Test Meal ◽

Muscle Protein ◽

Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽

Adenosine Monophosphate ◽

Energy Status ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Translation Elongation ◽

Cellular Energy ◽

Mtorc1 Signaling

Muscle protein synthesis (MPS) increases after consumption of a protein-containing meal but returns to baseline values within 3 h despite continued elevations of plasma amino acids and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTORC1) signaling. This study evaluated the potential for supplemental leucine (Leu), carbohydrates (CHO), or both to prolong elevated MPS after a meal. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (∼270 g) trained to consume three meals daily were food deprived for 12 h, and then blood and gastrocnemius muscle were collected 0, 90, or 180 min after a standard 4-g test meal (20% whey protein). At 135 min postmeal, rats were orally administered 2.63 g of CHO, 270 mg of Leu, both, or water (sham control). Following test meal consumption, MPS peaked at 90 min and then returned to basal ( time 0) rates at 180 min, although ribosomal protein S6 kinase and eIF4E-binding protein-1 phosphorylation remained elevated. In contrast, rats administered Leu and/or CHO supplements at 135 min postmeal maintained peak MPS through 180 min. MPS was inversely associated with the phosphorylation states of translation elongation factor 2, the “cellular energy sensor” adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-α (AMPKα) and its substrate acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and increases in the ratio of AMP/ATP. We conclude that the incongruity between MPS and mTORC1 at 180 min reflects a block in translation elongation due to reduced cellular energy. Administering Leu or CHO supplements ∼2 h after a meal maintains cellular energy status and extends the postprandial duration of MPS.

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Regulation of plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase in man. III. Role of high density lipoprotein cholesteryl esters in the activating effect of a high-fat test meal.

The Journal of Lipid Research ◽

10.1016/s0022-2275(20)40623-6 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 399-407

Author(s):

H G Rose ◽

J Juliano

Keyword(s):

High Density Lipoprotein ◽

Test Meal ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

High Density ◽

Cholesteryl Esters ◽

Lecithin:Cholesterol Acyltransferase ◽

High Fat

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Consumption of a high-fat meal containing cheese compared with a vegan alternative lowers postprandial C-reactive protein in overweight and obese individuals with metabolic abnormalities: a randomised controlled cross-over study

Journal of Nutritional Science ◽

10.1017/jns.2015.40 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Elieke Demmer ◽

Marta D. Van Loan ◽

Nancy Rivera ◽

Tara S. Rogers ◽

Erik R. Gertz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Test Meal ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Cellular Adhesion ◽

Metabolic Abnormalities ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

High Fat ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Alternative Test ◽

Randomised Controlled

AbstractDietary recommendations suggest decreased consumption of SFA to minimise CVD risk; however, not all foods rich in SFA are equivalent. To evaluate the effects of SFA in a dairy food matrix, as Cheddar cheese, v. SFA from a vegan-alternative test meal on postprandial inflammatory markers, a randomised controlled cross-over trial was conducted in twenty overweight or obese adults with metabolic abnormalities. Individuals consumed two isoenergetic high-fat mixed meals separated by a 1- to 2-week washout period. Serum was collected at baseline, and at 1, 3 and 6 h postprandially and analysed for inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IL-18, TNFα, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1)), acute-phase proteins C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid-A (SAA), cellular adhesion molecules and blood lipids, glucose and insulin. Following both high-fat test meals, postprandial TAG concentrations rose steadily (P < 0·05) without a decrease by 6 h. The incremental AUC (iAUC) for CRP was significantly lower (P < 0·05) in response to the cheese compared with the vegan-alternative test meal. A treatment effect was not observed for any other inflammatory markers; however, for both test meals, multiple markers significantly changed from baseline over the 6 h postprandial period (IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, TNFα, MCP-1, SAA). Saturated fat in the form of a cheese matrix reduced the iAUC for CRP compared with a vegan-alternative test meal during the postprandial 6 h period. The study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov under NCT01803633.

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Maternal glucose response to a standardized test meal throughout pregnancy and postnatally

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1016/0002-9378(94)90460-x ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 171 (1) ◽

pp. 143-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Doris M. Campbell ◽

Hamish W. Sutherland ◽

Donald W.M. Pearson

Keyword(s):

Test Meal ◽

Standardized Test ◽

Glucose Response ◽

Maternal Glucose

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Green tea extract decreases starch digestion and absorption from a test meal in humans: a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/srep12015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Klaudia Lochocka ◽

Joanna Bajerska ◽

Aleksandra Glapa ◽

Ewa Fidler-Witon ◽

Jan K. Nowak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crossover Study ◽

Green Tea ◽

Test Meal ◽

Green Tea Extract ◽

Starch Digestion ◽

Tea Extract

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Plasma somatostatin response to an oral test meal in liver transplant patients

Metabolism ◽

10.1016/s0026-0495(97)90269-9 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 46 (9) ◽

pp. 1003-1007

Author(s):

Tommaso Barreca ◽

Roberto Franceschini ◽

Riccardo Pellicci ◽

Silvia Carozzi ◽

Emanuela Bruno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Transplant ◽

Test Meal ◽

Transplant Patients ◽

Oral Test

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Subcutaneous glucagon-like peptide-1 improves postprandial glycaemic control over a 3-week period in patients with early Type 2 diabetes

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0950325 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 95 (3) ◽

pp. 325-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Jeannie F. TODD ◽

C. Mark B. EDWARDS ◽

Mohammad A. GHATEI ◽

Hugh M. MATHER ◽

Stephen R. BLOOM

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Glycaemic Control ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Test Meal ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Standard Test ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽

First Phase Insulin Response

1.Glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide (GLP-1) is released into the circulation after meals and is the most potent physiological insulinotropic hormone in man. GLP-1 has the advantages over other therapeutic agents for Type 2 diabetes of also suppressing glucagon secretion and delaying gastric emptying. One of the initial abnormalities of Type 2 diabetes is the loss of the first-phase insulin response, leading to postprandial hyperglycaemia. 2.To investigate the therapeutic potential of GLP-1 in Type 2 diabetes, six patients were entered into a 6-week, double-blind crossover trial during which each received 3 weeks treatment with subcutaneous GLP-1 or saline, self-administered three times a day immediately before meals. A standard test meal was given at the beginning and end of each treatment period. 3.GLP-1 reduced plasma glucose area under the curve (AUC) after the standard test meal by 58% (AUC, 0–240 ;min: GLP-1 start of treatment, 196±141 ;mmol·min-1·l-1; saline start of treatment, 469±124 ;mmol·min-1·l-1; F = 16.4, P< 0.05). The plasma insulin excursions were significantly higher with GLP-1 compared with saline over the initial postprandial 30 ;min, the time period during which the GLP-1 concentration was considerably elevated. The plasma glucagon levels were significantly lower over the 240-min postprandial period with GLP-1 treatment. The beneficial effects of GLP-1 on plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon concentrations were fully maintained for the 3-week treatment period. 4.We have demonstrated a significant improvement in postprandial glycaemic control with subcutaneous GLP-1 treatment. GLP-1 improves glycaemic control partially by restoring the first-phase insulin response and suppressing glucagon and is a potential treatment for Type 2 diabetes.

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