Multiple interaction types determine the impact of ant predation of caterpillars in a forest community

Pengelolaan hutan mangrove merupakan hal yang penting dalam mengupayakan pelestarian lingkungan di kawasan pesisir. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui dampak kegiatan rehabilitasi hutan mangrove dan strategi pengelolaan hutan mangrove di Desa Tanggul Tlare, Kecamatan Kedung, Kabupaten Jepara.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan survei dengan wawancara langsung dan pengamatan lapangan. Populasi adalah seluruh penduduk pesisir di daerah penelitian, teknik pengampilan sampel menggunakan “cluster random sampling”. Dampak yang ditimbulkan dengan adanya rehabilitasi hutan mangrove di daerah penelitian adalah meningkatnya hasil tangkapanikan, mengurangi abrasi pantai, menahantiupan angin laut, semakin banyak tangkapan biota (udang, kepiting, kerang) di pesisir, danmenjadikan kawasan tersebut menjadidaerah objek wisata. Strategi yang perlu dilakukan dalam pengelolaan hutan mangrove diantaranya yaitu memanfaatkan potensi yang ada dengan dengan melakukan penanaman pohon mangrove, membentuk kawasan hutan lindung konservasi hutan mangrove agar kawasan hutan mangrove tetap terjaga baik dan lestari, memberikan sosialisasi atau pemahaman kepada masyarakat akan pentingnya menjaga hutan mangrove dan manfaat yang didapat oleh masyarakat, pentingnya kemajuan teknologi dan memberikan beasiswa kepada masyarakat yang dikira berkompeten dan aktif dalam rehabilitasi mangrove untuk melanjutkan sekolah yang lebih tinggi agar ilmu pengetahuan yang didapat bisa memberikan kontribusi yang positif untuk pengelolaan hutan mangrove yang ideal..Kata kunci: hutan mangrove, masyarakat, pengelolaanEnglish Title: Mangrove Forest Management Strategy In The Village Of Environmental Tlare District Kedung District JeparaABSTRACTManagement of mangrove forests is an important aspect in the effort to conserve the environment in coastal areas. The purpose of this research is to know the impact of mangrove forest rehabilitation and mangrove forest management strategy in Tanggul Tlare Village, Kedung Sub-district, Jepara Regency. This research uses survey approach with direct interview and field observation. Population is the entire coastal population in the study area, sample technique using cluster random sampling. The impacts of mangrove forest rehabilitation in the study area were increased fish catch, reduced coastal abrasion, retained wind breeze, more biota catches (shrimp, crabs, shells) on the coast, and made the area a tourist destination. Strategies that need to be done in the management of mangrove forests include the utilization of existing potentials by planting mangrove trees, establishing protected forest areas of mangrove forest conservation so that the mangrove forest area is maintained well and sustainably, providing socialization or understanding to the community about the importance of maintaining mangrove forests and Benefits gained by the community, the importance of technological advancement and providing scholarships to people who are thought to be competent and active in mangrove rehabilitation to continue their higher education so that the knowledge gained can contribute positively to the management of the ideal mangrove forests.Keywords: mangrove forest, community, managementCitation: Utomo, B., Budiastuti, S dan Muryani, C. (2017). Strategi Pengelolaan Hutan Mangrove Di Desa Tanggul Tlare Kecamatan Kedung Kabupaten Jepara. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 15(2), 117-123, doi:10.14710/jil.15.2.117-123

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Stability of an adaptive hybrid community

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/srep28181 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A. Mougi

Keyword(s):

Adaptive Behavior ◽

Ecological Communities ◽

Interaction Type ◽

Natural Ecosystems ◽

Predator Prey ◽

Interaction Partners ◽

Key Factor ◽

Interaction Types ◽

Multiple Interaction ◽

The Stability

Abstract Contrary to stable natural ecosystems, the classical ecological theory predicts that complex ecological communities are fragile. The adaptive switching of interaction partners was proposed as a key factor to resolve the complexity–stability problem. However, this theory is based on the food webs that comprise predator–prey interactions alone; thus, the manner in which adaptive behavior affects the dynamics of hybrid communities with multiple interaction types remains unclear. Here, using a bipartite community network model with antagonistic and mutualistic interactions, I show that adaptive partner shifts by both antagonists and mutualists are crucial to the persistence of communities. The results show that adaptive behavior destabilizes the dynamics of communities with a single interaction type; however, the hybridity of multiple interaction types within a community greatly improves the stability. Moreover, adaptive behavior does not create a positive complexity–stability relationship in communities with a single interaction type but it does in the hybrid community. The diversity of interaction types is predicted to play a crucial role in community maintenance in an adaptive world.

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Investigating the Relationship Between Dietary Specialization of Caterpillars and Their Risk of Ant Predation in a Forest Community

10.14418/wes01.2.65 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Emily Rae Johnson

Keyword(s):

Forest Community ◽

Dietary Specialization ◽

Ant Predation ◽

The Relationship

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Accuracy and Precision of Social Relationship Indices

10.1101/2021.04.25.441321 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alexander Mielke ◽

Liran Samuni

Keyword(s):

Social Relationships ◽

Social Relationship ◽

Social Systems ◽

Small Sample ◽

Interaction Type ◽

True Value ◽

Accuracy And Precision ◽

Interaction Types ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

The Impact

AbstractCombining interaction rates of different social behaviours into social relationship indices to represent the structure of dyadic relationships on one underlying dimension is common practice in animal sociality studies. However, the properties of these relationship indices are not well explored – mainly because, for real-world social systems, the ‘true’ value of relationships is unobservable. Here, we use simulation studies to estimate the accuracy and precision of three relationship indices: the Dyadic Composite Sociality Index, the Composite Relationship Index, and the Dynamic Dyadic Sociality Index. We simulated one year of social interactions for multiple groups of 25 individuals and 4 interaction types with different properties, and tested the impact of different focal follow regimes, data densities and sampling conditions on the representation of social relationships. Accuracy and precision of social relationship indices were strongly driven by sample size, similar to simple interaction rates. Under the assumption that there was a clear, one-dimensional relationship underlying interactions, and that different interaction types constituting an index were highly correlated, indices indeed increased accuracy over single interaction rates for small sample sizes. Including uninformative constituting behaviours (i.e., those not highly correlated with the underlying relationship dimension) reduced the accuracy of all indices. The precision of each index (i.e., whether multiple simulated focal follow regimes achieve the same dyadic values for the same data) was generally poor and was driven by the precision of the least precise constituting behaviour, making them less precise than some single interaction rates. Our results showed that social relationship indices do not remove the need to have sufficient data for each individual constituting interaction type. Index quality was defined by the least accurate and precise constituting interaction type. Indices might only be useful if all constituting interaction rates are highly correlated and if there are clear indications that one dimension is sufficient to represent social relationships in a group.

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Herbaria as Functional Trait Databases

Biodiversity Information Science and Standards ◽

10.3897/biss.2.25766 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. e25766 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sofie Meeus

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Functional Trait ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Congo Basin ◽

Forest Community ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Water Losses ◽

Climatological Data ◽

The Impact

Although tropical rainforests play an important role in regulating the world’s climate, they are at the same time particularly vulnerable to changes in the climate. Intense and prolonged droughts, for instance, can lead to biomass loss which will further accelerate these changes. Especially for tree species it becomes problematic, due to their long lifespan, to quickly adapt to or evade unfavorable climatic conditions affecting the composition of the forest community as a whole and consequently the ecosystem services that the rainforests provide. A long-term drying trend currently threatens tropical regions worldwide but is especially strong in the central African rainforest, the second-largest rainforest on Earth. The impact of this decrease in precipitation on the vegetation is, however, still largely unknown due to the limited amount of historical eco-climatological data. Fortunately, these kind of data do exist albeit in a poorly accessible (analog) format in herbarium collections. To investigate if trees show changes in morphology and/or physiology invoked by climatic changes in the last century, the COBECORE team (Congo Basin Eco-Climatological Data Recovery and Valorization”) is exploring the usability of herbaria as potential sources of plant leaf functional trait data using established protocols adjusted to dried leaf material. Photosynthesis as well as gas exchange and transpiration are processes regulated by a plant’s leaves, and depend on the specific leaf area (SLA) and the number and size of the stomata. The less area the latter structures occupy on the leaf the less the plant will suffer from water losses which increases the resistance to drought of plants. We explored the recently digitized African Herbarium of the Botanic Garden Meise which contains over 1.2 million African specimens with a very good coverage of the Congo Basin, dating back to 1880. Currently, we obtained average SLA measurements for 833 herbarium specimens from 59 of the most common tree species of central African rainforests. Pictures for stomata counts and size measurements were taken from over one hundred specimens mainly focused on three Prioria species, giant tree species (up to 60 metres) currently suffering from overexploitation. The data generated in this project will be valuable to understand some lower-level vegetation responses such as plant water use needed to model and predict long-term climate change impacts on vegetation.

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Study of contributions of diffractive processes to forward neutral particle production with the ATLAS-LHCf detector

EPJ Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/epjconf/201920805008 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 208 ◽

pp. 05008

Author(s):

Qi-Dong Zhou

Keyword(s):

Particle Production ◽

Neutral Particle ◽

Specific Interaction ◽

High Energy ◽

Joint Analysis ◽

Mass Composition ◽

Hadronic Interactions ◽

High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽

Interaction Types ◽

The Impact

LHCf is an experiment dedicated to verify the hadronic interaction models by measuring the forward neutral particle production at the LHC. Corresponding data are very important for understanding hadronic interactions occurring in air-shower development. According to the current LHCf results, no simulation model predicts the LHCf data perfectly. In order to provide more specific data, it is necessary to classify the LHCf observables into specific interaction types: diffraction or non-diffraction. Combining the information of ATLAS, LHCf is able to classify these specific interaction types experimentally. Especially, the ATLAS-LHCf joint experiment will have the unique sensitivity to low mass diffraction. LHCf and ATLAS have succeeded in the common data-taking in p-p collisions at √s = 13 TeV. We will report the first ATLAS-LHCf joint analysis result and discuss the impact of the corresponding joint analysis result to the determination of mass composition of ultra-high energy cosmic-rays.

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The impact of El Niño on mast fruiting in Sumatra and elsewhere in Malesia

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467400001577 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 563-577 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

S. A. Wich ◽

C. P. Van Schaik

Keyword(s):

El Niño ◽

El Nino ◽

Southern Oscillation ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Forest Community ◽

Tropical Rain Forests ◽

Mast Fruiting ◽

Oscillation Phenomenon ◽

The Impact

Long-term data on flower and fruit production of the forest community in two lowland tropical rain forests in north-western Sumatra are presented. The proportion of years with mast fruiting was found to be similar to that found elsewhere in Malesia. However, masting at the two sites, 70 km apart, did not coincide, and showed no correlation with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation phenomenon (ENSO). Comparisons with other sites in Malesia suggest a general waning of ENSO's impact toward western Malesia. Spatial variation at various scales in the timing of masting events was noted in Sumatra and elsewhere. This suggests that additional factors to ENSO play a role in determining forest-level mast fruiting, and we hypothesize that frugivorous animals have the opportunity to track mast fruiting. It is hypothesized that asynchrony between nearby areas in masting increases toward the western edge of Malesia.

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