Multi-point Conjugate Observations of Dayside ULF Waves during an Extended Period of Radial IMF

Our laboratory is concerned with understanding the dynamic structure of the plasma membrane with particular reference to the movement of membrane constituents during cell locomotion. In addition to the standard tools of molecular cell biology, we employ both fluorescence recovery after photo- bleaching (FRAP) and digitized fluorescence microscopy (DFM) to investigate individual cells. FRAP allows the measurement of translational mobility of membrane and cytoplasmic molecules in small regions of single, living cells. DFM is really a new form of light microscopy in that the distribution of individual classes of ions, molecules, and macromolecules can be followed in single, living cells. By employing fluorescent antibodies to defined antigens or fluorescent analogs of cellular constituents as well as ultrasensitive, electronic image detectors and video image averaging to improve signal to noise, fluorescent images of living cells can be acquired over an extended period without significant fading and loss of cell viability.

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Role of the exosporial membrane in attachment and germination of C. sporogenes

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100146035 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 38-39

Author(s):

B.J. Panessa-Warren ◽

G.T. Tortora ◽

J.B. Warren

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Degradation ◽

Light Transmission ◽

Extended Period ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Clostridium Sporogenes ◽

Radiation Chemical ◽

Physical Trauma ◽

Extended Contact ◽

Cold Pressure

Some bacteria are capable of forming highly resistant spores when environmental conditions are not adequate for growth. Depending on the genus and species of the bacterium, these endospores are resistant in varying degrees to heat, cold, pressure, enzymatic degradation, ionizing radiation, chemical sterilants,physical trauma and organic solvents. The genus Clostridium, responsible for botulism poisoning, tetanus, gas gangrene and diarrhea in man, produces endospores which are highly resistant. Although some sporocides can kill Clostridial spores, the spores require extended contact with a sporocidal agent to achieve spore death. In most clinical situations, this extended period of treatment is not possible nor practical. This investigation examines Clostridium sporogenes endospores by light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy under various dormant and growth conditions, cataloging each stage in the germination and outgrowth process, and analyzing the role played by the exosporial membrane in the attachment and germination of the spore.

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Passy-Muir Speaking Valve Use in a Children's Hospital: An Interdisciplinary Approach

Perspectives on Voice and Voice Disorders ◽

10.1044/vvd18.2.76 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 76-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lauren Hofmann ◽

Joseph Bolton ◽

Susan Ferry

Keyword(s):

Tracheostomy Tube ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Interdisciplinary Approach ◽

Extended Period ◽

Speech Development ◽

Tube Placement ◽

Background Information ◽

Speaking Valve ◽

Children's Hospital ◽

Children’S Hospital

Abstract At The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) we treat many children requiring tracheostomy tube placement. With potential for a tracheostomy tube to be in place for an extended period of time, these children may be at risk for long-term disruption to normal speech development. As such, speaking valves that restore more normal phonation are often key tools in the effort to restore speech and promote more typical language development in this population. However, successful use of speaking valves is frequently more challenging with infant and pediatric patients than with adult patients. The purpose of this article is to review background information related to speaking valves, the indications for one-way valve use, criteria for candidacy, and the benefits of using speaking valves in the pediatric population. This review will emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration from the perspectives of speech-language pathology and respiratory therapy. Along with the background information, we will present current practices and a case study to illustrate a safe and systematic approach to speaking valve implementation based upon our experiences.

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From universalism to individualism: New approaches to economic growth analysis

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2019-11-108-126 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 108-126

Author(s):

Ivan L. Lyubimov

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Structural Transformation ◽

Emerging Economies ◽

Growth Analysis ◽

Extended Period ◽

Economic Policies ◽

Adequate Account ◽

New Approaches ◽

Catching Up

This paper examines the evolution of academic and applied approaches to analyze the problem of economic growth since the mid-XX century. For quite an extended period of time, these views were corresponding to universalist economic policies taking no adequate account of particularities and limitations that a certain catching-up economy embodied. New approaches analyzing the problems of economic growth, on the contrary, individualize growth diagnostics, structural transformation and the organization of reforms processes for the emerging economies. We argue that individualist approaches might be potentially more effective than the universalist ones for solving the problem of slow economic growth.

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Habitat fragmentation causes collapse of kelp recruitment

Marine Ecology Progress Series ◽

10.3354/meps13422 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 648 ◽

pp. 111-123

Author(s):

C Layton ◽

MJ Cameron ◽

M Tatsumi ◽

V Shelamoff ◽

JT Wright ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Habitat Fragmentation ◽

Patch Size ◽

Life Stage ◽

Extended Period ◽

Anthropogenic Disturbances ◽

Anthropogenic Sources ◽

Kelp Forests ◽

Natural Disturbances ◽

Short Term ◽

Turf Algae

Kelp forests in many regions are experiencing disturbance from anthropogenic sources such as ocean warming, pollution, and overgrazing. Unlike natural disturbances such as storms, anthropogenic disturbances often manifest as press perturbations that cause persistent alterations to the environment. One consequence is that some kelp forests are becoming increasingly sparse and fragmented. We manipulated patch size of the kelp Ecklonia radiata over 24 mo to simulate persistent habitat fragmentation and assessed how this influenced the demography of macro- and microscopic juvenile kelp within the patches. At the beginning of the experiment, patch formation resulted in short-term increases in E. radiata recruitment in patches <1 m2. However, recruitment collapsed in those same patches over the extended period, with no recruits observed after 15 mo. Experimental transplants of microscopic and macroscopic juvenile sporophytes into the patches failed to identify the life stage impacted by the reductions in patch size, indicating that the effects may be subtle and require extended periods to manifest, and/or that another life stage is responsible. Abiotic measurements within the patches indicated that kelp were less able to engineer the sub-canopy environment in smaller patches. In particular, reduced shading of the sub-canopy in smaller patches was associated with proliferation of sediments and turf algae, which potentially contributed to the collapse of recruitment. We demonstrate the consequences of short- and longer-term degradation of E. radiata habitats and conclude that habitat fragmentation can lead to severe disruptions to kelp demography.

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City-region governance in transitional contexts: the case of the BRICS

Urban Development Issues ◽

10.2478/udi-2019-0015 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 39-49

Author(s):

Philip Harrison

Keyword(s):

Extended Period ◽

Political Systems ◽

Recent Past ◽

City Region ◽

Scholarly Literature ◽

Path Dependencies ◽

City Regions ◽

The World ◽

The City

Abstract The bulk of the scholarly literature on city-regions and their governance is drawn from contexts where economic and political systems have been stable over an extended period. However, many parts of the world, including all countries in the BRICS, have experienced far-reaching national transformations in the recent past in economic and/or political systems. The national transitions are complex, with a mix of continuity and rupture, while their translation into the scale of the city-region is often indirect. But, these transitions have been significant for the city-region, providing a period of opportunity and institutional fluidity. Studies of the BRICS show that outcomes of transitions are varied but that there are junctures of productive comparison including the ways in which the nature of the transitions create new path dependencies, and way in which interests across territorial scales soon consolidate, producing new rigidities in city-region governance.

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Formulation Optimization of Sustained Release Resinate Microcapsules of Tramadol Hydrochloride by Using 3/2 Factorial Design

International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research ◽

10.24896/eijppr.2016621 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 57

Author(s):

Kamble Ravindra K. ◽

Chauhan Chetan S. ◽

Kamble Priyadarshani R. ◽

Naruka Pushpendra S.

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Ion Exchange ◽

Sustained Release ◽

Factorial Design ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Extended Period ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Tramadol Hydrochloride ◽

Release Drug

The main aim of the present work was to develop the microcapsules of tramadol hydrochloride for the oral sustained release drug delivery. Tramadol hydrochloride a BCS class I drug a centrally acting synthetic analgesic was complexed with Indion 254 ion exchange resin. The microcapsules were prepared by encapsulating the prepared resinates by o/o solvent evaporation technique. In the investigation 32 full factorial design was used to investigate the joint influence of two formulation variable amount of eudragit RS 100 and plasticized PEG 400. The results of multiple linear regression analysis indicated that for obtaining a sustained release drug delivery the optimum concentrations of both the plasticizer and coating solution to be used. The factorial models were used to prepare optimized microcapsules and optimized formulations showed sustained release profiles for the extended period of more than 12 hrs. From the present investigations concluded that resinate microcapsules of highly water soluble drug can provide controlled release of drug for extended period.Key Words: Tramadol hydrochloride, ion exchange resinate, microcapsules, sustained release

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Continuous Decisions

10.31234/osf.io/y47p3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Seng Bum Michael Yoo ◽

Benjamin Hayden ◽

John Pearson

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Control Theory ◽

Hierarchical Structure ◽

Action Planning ◽

Extended Period ◽

Microeconomic Theory ◽

Engineering Control ◽

Over Time ◽

Academic Study

Humans and other animals evolved to make decisions that extend over time with continuous and ever-changing options. Nonetheless, the academic study of decision-making is mostly limited to the simple case of choice between two options. Here we advocate that the study of choice should expand to include continuous decisions. Continuous decisions, by our definition, involve a continuum of possible responses and take place over an extended period of time during which the response is continuously subject to modification. In most continuous decisions, the range of options can fluctuate and is affected by recent responses, making consideration of reciprocal feedback between choices and the environment essential. The study of continuous decisions raises new questions, such as how abstract processes of valuation and comparison are co-implemented with action planning and execution, how we simulate the large number of possible futures our choices lead to, and how our brains employ hierarchical structure to make choices more efficiently. While microeconomic theory has proven invaluable for discrete decisions, we propose that engineering control theory may serve as a better foundation for continuous ones. And while the concept of value has proven foundational for discrete decisions, goal states and policies may prove more useful for continuous ones.

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Study on Knowledge and Prevalence of Computer Vision Syndrome among Computer Operators in Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal

Journal of Nobel Medical College ◽

10.3126/jonmc.v9i2.33386 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 45-49

Author(s):

Pramod Sharma Gautam ◽

Uday Chandra Prakash ◽

Subreena Dangol

Keyword(s):

Computer Vision ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Human Life ◽

College Teaching ◽

Extended Period ◽

Visual Display ◽

Work Place ◽

Medical College ◽

Computer Vision Syndrome ◽

Department Of Ophthalmology

Background: The eye and vision related problems that results from continuous use of computers and other visual display terminals for extended period of time leads to computer vision syndrome. Due to rapid digitalization in human life, the risk of developing it has also increased in many folds. So, with an aim of determining the prevalence and level of awareness of computer vision syndrome among computer users along with their attitude and practices to prevent it, this study was conducted in the office employees who use computer for a considerable period of time. Materials and Methods: A hospital based observational descriptive study was conducted in the out-patient department of Ophthalmology in Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, where 105 employees working in different work stations of same institution were enrolled. A questionnaire and the clinical findings were used to collect data. Results: About 80% of the employees were using computer for about (8-11) hours per day. Prevalence of computer vision syndrome noted was (92.4%) with low level of knowledge (85.7%) about it. About 45% of them wore glasses for their refractive errors but attitude and practices in work place to prevent the bad effects of using visual display terminals were found to be lacking (53.3%). Burning sensation in the eye, headache, ocular irritation and itching and neck, shoulder or back pain were the common symptoms. Around (60-70)% of the eyes tested positive for dry eye. Conclusion: Lack of awareness of computer vision syndrome and lack of personal protective measures were associated with its high level of prevalence.

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Multi-point Conjugate Observations of Dayside ULF Waves during an Extended Period of Radial IMF