Designing Post COVID-19 Buildings: Approaches for Achieving Healthy Buildings

The COVID-19 pandemic forced the accessibility, social gathering, lifestyle, and working environment to be changed to reduce the infection. Coronavirus spreads between people in several different ways. Small liquid particles (aerosols, respiratory droplets) from an infected person are transmitted through air and surfaces that are in contact with humans. Reducing transmission through modified heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems and building design are potential solutions. A comprehensive review of the engineering control preventive measures to mitigate COVID-19 spread, healthy building design, and material was carried out. The current state-of-the-art engineering control preventive measures presented include ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI), bipolar ionization, vertical gardening, and indoor plants. They have potential to improve the indoor air quality. In addition, this article presents building design with materials (e.g., copper alloys, anti-microbial paintings) and smart technologies (e.g., automation, voice control, and artificial intelligence-based facial recognition) to mitigate the infections of communicable diseases.

ANALISIS KESELAMATAN KESEHATAN KERJA (K3) TERHADAP RISIKO BAHAYA LINGKUNGAN FISIK DENGAN METODE “HIRARC” DI RUMAH POTONG HEWAN KOTA PEKANBARU TAHUN 2020

ABSTRAK Rumah Potong Hewan merupakan suatu bangunan yang memiliki desain dan konstruksi khusus digunakan sebagai tempat pemotongan hewan. Aktivitas kerja di RPH memiliki potensi bahaya yang dapat mengancam keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja. Berdasarkan observasi awal, RPH Kota Pekanbaru ini tidak memiliki laporan bulanan maupun tahunan mengenai data kecelakaan, dan juga belum pernah melakukan identifikasi, dan penilaian terhadap bahaya yang ada. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis keselamatan kesehatan kerja (K3) terhadap risiko bahaya lingkungan fisik di tempat kerja dengan metode “HIRARC” (Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control). Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif analitik. Lokasi penenlitian dilakukan di rumah potong hewan Kota Pekanbaru, penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juli-Agustus 2020. Informan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 6 orang, sebagai informan utama yaitu Kepala UPTD, 2 orang informan pendukung yaitu koordinator lapangan dan dokter hewan, dan informan kunci yaitu pekerja, metode yang digunakan peneliti yaitu wawancara mendalam dan observasi langsung. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan potensi bahaya tingkatan risiko “Ekstrim” seperti diseruduk sapi pada proses penggiringan sapi menuju killing box, tertimpa katrol dan sapi pada proses penggantungan dan pemindahan sapi menggunakan katrol. Rumah Potong Hewan belum pernah melakukan identifikasi bahaya, penilaian risiko akan tetapi untuk pengendalian risiko sudah dilakukan beberapa upaya di rumah potong hewan, seperti SOP, Shift kerja, dan juga APD. Rekomendasi yang diberikan yaitu diharapkan sebaiknya RPH memiliki fasilitas yang berhubungan dengan kesehatan pekerja. Perlu adanya upaya pengendalian risiko secara engineering control, contohnya, membuat kerangkeng sapi. administrative control, seperti, memberikan sosialisasi, maintenance, housekeeping dan inspeksi, terhadap alat, mesin dan pekerja. ABSTRACTSlaughterhouse is a building having the design and construction specifically used as animal slaughterhouse. Slaughterhouse’s work activities have potential of hazards which can cause harm to workers’ safety and health. Based on pre observation, the slaughterhouse in Pekanbaru does not have any monthly and annual report about the data of accident. This livestock production also has no doing identification and assessment of hazard. The purposes of this study are to analyze occupational health and safety toward risk of danger physical environment at work, this study uses Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control “HIRARC” method which using likelihood and severity level of each hazard as references to define a risk value. There are 6 informants the maininfromants is a UPTD head, 2 supporting informants are the field coordinator and venetarian, and the key informant is a worker, The methode that use in this study is interview And observation. The study shows that the most extreme are getting hit by a cow in cattle herding to killing box, falling of a cow hoist material from conveyor railing in shackling and hoisting process. Slaughterhouse has never done hazard identification and risk assessment. However, for risk control have done several attempts in slaughterhouse, such as Standard Operating Procedures, work shifts, and Personal Protective Equipment. Recommendation is given that the slaughterhouse should has facilities related to health of workers. It needs an effort to risk control through engineering control such as making cow cages, administrative control, such as giving socialization, maintenance, housekeeping and inspection of tools, machines and workersKeywords : Slaughterhouse, Hazard, Risk, Physical Environtmen, HIRARC.

Fuzzy Neural Network Algorithm in Improving Electrical Engineering Control System

In the current era of rapid development of big data technology and artificial intelligence technology, China’s comprehensive national strength has also been significantly enhanced, the rapid progress of science and technology makes the electrical engineering control system whether in terms of efficiency and quality of the application, its electrical engineering control system development is gradually improved with the support of high-tech. Based on artificial intelligence technology, neural network algorithms and improved neural network algorithms are proposed to improve the original electrical engineering control system. In this paper, the S electrical engineering control system is the main research object, and its addition of fuzzy neural network algorithm to improve the study. Firstly, on the basis of a simple description of S electrical control system, the research status of the main partition control blocks of S electrical control system is analyzed. Secondly, an improved intelligent control system, including intelligent service interruption system and central electrical control system, is proposed to design an improved electrical engineering control system based on neural network algorithm through the operation principle of sensors and the study of network communication technology. Based on the above research basis, the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed intelligent electrical engineering control system are verified by analyzing the effects of the proposed intelligent electrical engineering control system in real life. The experimental results show that although there are still many problems in the intelligent control system of three-phase electrical engineering at this stage, innovation and technological progress will continuously improve the comprehensiveness and intelligence level of the system.

Masonry Dust Risk Control Practices and the Barriers to the Adoption of Engineering Controls in Reducing Risk due to Dust Exposure in Masonry Work

The construction industry is known to be among the most vulnerable industries in terms of occupational safety and health. One of the riskiest activities in construction involves masonry, which reports several cases involving occupational health diseases due to the exposure to silica dust. Thus, this study aims to investigate the perception toward health risks due to exposure to dust in masonry work. A survey research method was adopted for this study, which involved the participation of 25 active construction contractors in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur. The findings reveal that respiratory problems and health diseases are the most perceived risks associated to dust exposure in masonry work. There are various barriers to the adoption of engineering control in masonry work such as high costs, lack of awareness of dust hazards, and workers’ attitudes. The current practical intervention methods used by contractor firms are respiratory protection, wet method, and sweeping compound. This study provides information on the current masonry work environment and the barriers of the adoption of engineering control technologies. Additionally, this study suggests that the key players in the construction industry should take an active part to increase the implementation of engineering controls in a construction project, and not rely solely on the use of PPE.

Applying an active strategy for updating the potential properties of human-machine complexes in the processes of their design and operation

The analysis of the literature, reflecting the problem of potentiality in creating complex systems, including human-machine complexes (HMC) is carried out. On the basis of the generalized data, potentiality is defined as a fundamental property of objective reality, an integral part of the integrity structure of complex objects, which in the process of their functioning manifests itself in the form of engineering control situations unforeseen by the developers. A strategy for solving the problem of revealing the potential properties of HMC is considered from the viewpoint of comparing two approaches of “passive” and “active” strategies. A “passive” strategy means that the situations that arise unforeseen by the developers are taken into account by them, usually in the future when improving the technique. This approach does not consider the specifics of manifesting the systemic properties of the HMC and is incorrect from the methodological positions of modern systemic studies that assert the equivalence of subject-object relations in HMC. An “active” strategy for solving the problem under study includes a targeted search, disclosure and actualization of the potential properties of an object not only at the stages of its design and creation, but also at the stages of the exploitation in the joint activity of all professionals, namely developers, operators, engineering psychologists. This approach is based on forecasting and studying the potential properties of an exploited object on the basis of organizing a systematic and controlled cognitive process and studying the dynamics of changes in its operational characteristics under conditions of external factors that go beyond normal situations. It is concluded that to assess the characteristics of the HMC and determine the rational organization of its structures, it is necessary to develop an “active” strategy that allows using any type of information, including accurate data obtained on the basis of the deterministic methods of analysis, and inaccurate data obtained on the basis of an analysis of intuition, experience, considering all specialists’ values of judgments and figurative guesses, which will contribute to disclosing the potential of the created technical objects in the process of ergonomic support for their design and operation.

Virtual Environment for Labs & Projects

The purpose of the Virtual Lab project is to provide students with online access to a variety of engineering control experiments, located in the laboratory control of several laboratories. Three German universities are currently developing the Virtual Lab as a network of remote access laboratories to establish a pilot testing facility. Assumed students are usually located in an area that is geographically distributed (e.g. at home) and are able to access far from our tests. Virtual Lab is based on the concept of grade learning because some students (e.g. professionals) may be interested in studying even in the most remote areas of the campus which eliminates the need for personal presence. In Virtual Lab they are able to acquire some practice of controlling theory in their own time saving time and travel costs. A Java-based client / server-based approach is proposed. This paper discusses the requirements for remote testing and presents the technical structure and initial results of the project.

Preventing and Controlling COVID-19: A Practical-Based Review in Offshore Workplace

An offshore platform is a workplace with complex facilities and limited space due to the complex installed equipment and components. Therefore, the offshore as enclosed area platform is more likely to have a high risk of COVID-19 outbreak. Furthermore, a company must strictly follow health protocols to prevent workers from being exposed to COVID-19 in the offshore workplace. However, workers are often forced to onboard without proper health protocols because of operational needs and production targets. This paper aimed to explore the essence of the steps in preventing and controlling COVID-19 in the offshore workplace and the challenges. The analysis found that the company must take preventive measures against COVID-19 before workers are on board and in the workplace and control it using the hierarchy of control: engineering control, administrative control, and personal protective equipment (PPE).

Laboratory Study of Physical Barrier Efficiency for Worker Protection against SARS-CoV-2 while Standing or Sitting

Transparent barriers were installed as a response to the SARS-COV-2 pandemic in many customer-facing industries. Transparent barriers are an engineering control that are utilized to intercept air traveling between customers to workers. Information on the effectiveness of these barriers against aerosols is limited. In this study, a cough simulator was used to represent a cough from a customer. Two optical particle counters were used (one on each side of the barrier, labeled reference and worker) to determine the number of particles that migrated around a transparent barrier. Nine barrier sizes and a no barrier configuration were tested with six replicates each. Tests of these 10 configurations were conducted for both sitting and standing scenarios to represent configurations common to nail salons and grocery stores, respectively. Barrier efficiency was calculated using a ratio of the particle count results (reference/worker). Barriers had better efficiency when they were 9 to 39 cm (3.5 to 15.5 inches) above cough height and at least 91 cm (36 inches) wide, 92% and 93% respectively. Barriers that were 91 cm (36 inches) above table height for both scenarios blocked 71% or more of the particles between 0.35–0.725 µm and 68% for particles between 1 to 3 µm. A barrier that blocked an initial cough was effective at reducing particle counts. While the width of barriers was not as significant as height in determining barrier efficiency it was important that a barrier be placed where interactions between customers and workers are most frequent.

MANAJEMEN RISIKO KESEHATAN DAN KESELAMATAN KERJA (K3) Studi Kasus Pada Praktek Acuan Perancah Dan Praktek Kayu Jurusan Teknik Sipil

Politeknik Negeri Malang adalah lembaga pendidikan profesional dalam jaringan pendidikan global dengan reputasi di bidang ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi terapan, dalam hal tersebut jurusan teknik Sipil mempunyai kegiatan praktek kerja bengkel yang menunjang skill mahasiswa untuk dunia konstruksi. Oleh karena pekerjaan praktek acuan dan perancah dan praktek kerja kayu juga mengandung unsur unsur bahaya pekerjaan maka diperlukan Manajemen Risiko Kesehatan Dan Keselamatan Kerja (K3). Hasil manajemen resiko pada praktek acuan & perancah terdapat 16 potensi bahaya risiko dari 5 proses kegiatan dengan potensi bahaya cukup besar adalah : Orang Jatuh 25% , dengan pekerjaan High Risk pada pekerjaan Scafolding 70%, dengan rekomendasi Penggunaan APD 85%, Eliminasi 29%,Engineering Control 29%, Tanda Peringatan,label & administrasi 28% dan Substitusi 19%. Dan pada praktek pekerjaan kayu terdapat 15 potensi bahaya risiko dari 3 proses kegiatan dengan potensi bahaya cukup besar adalah : Bising 21% , dengan pekerjaan High Risk pada pekerjaan pekerjaan Kayu menggunakan Mesin Statis 85% dengan rekomendasi Penggunaan APD 94%,Engineering Control 67%,Substitusi 14%,Tanda Peringatan,label & administrasi 7% dan Eliminasi 7%.