WAITING TIME AND SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS-AN INDIVIDUAL-LEVEL ANALYSIS

Two segmented methods of performing conjoint anal/sis, clustered and componential segmentation, are compared with each other as well as with individual level and totally aggregate level analyses. The two segmented methods provide insights to the data that (1) are not obtainable at the aggregate level and (2) are in a form that is more easily communicated than the information from the individual level analysis. The predictive power of the clustered segmentation method is higher than that of componential segmentation, and both are superior to the aggregate analysis but inferior to individual level analysis.

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Does neighborhood socioeconomic status predict the risk of preterm birth? A community-based Canadian cohort study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025341 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. e025341 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kamala Adhikari ◽

Scott B Patten ◽

Tyler Williamson ◽

Alka B Patel ◽

Shahirose Premji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

False Positive ◽

False Positive Rate ◽

Community Based ◽

Individual Level ◽

Risk Threshold ◽

Positive Rate

ObjectiveThis study developed and internally validated a predictive model for preterm birth (PTB) to examine the ability of neighbourhood socioeconomic status (SES) to predict PTB.DesignCohort study using individual-level data from two community-based prospective pregnancy cohort studies (All Our Families (AOF) and Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON)) and neighbourhood SES data from the 2011 Canadian census.SettingCalgary, Alberta, Canada.ParticipantsPregnant women who were <24 weeks of gestation and >15 years old were enrolled in the cohort studies between 2008 and 2012. Overall, 5297 women participated in at least one of these cohorts: 3341 women participated in the AOF study, 2187 women participated in the APrON study and 231 women participated in both studies. Women who participated in both studies were only counted once.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPTB (delivery prior to 37 weeks of gestation).ResultsThe rates of PTB in the least and most deprived neighbourhoods were 7.54% and 10.64%, respectively. Neighbourhood variation in PTB was 0.20, with an intra-class correlation of 5.72%. Neighbourhood SES, combined with individual-level predictors, predicted PTB with an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.75. The sensitivity was 91.80% at a low-risk threshold, with a high false-positive rate (71.50%), and the sensitivity was 5.70% at a highest risk threshold, with a low false-positive rate (0.90%). An agreement between the predicted and observed PTB demonstrated modest model calibration. Individual-level predictors alone predicted PTB with an AUC of 0.60.ConclusionAlthough neighbourhood SES combined with individual-level predictors improved the overall prediction of PTB compared with individual-level predictors alone, the detection rate was insufficient for application in clinical or public health practice. A prediction model with better predictive ability is required to effectively find women at high risk of preterm delivery.

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The social structure of transnational practices

Everyday Europe ◽

10.1332/policypress/9781447334200.003.0003 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 61-86

Author(s):

Justyna Salamońska ◽

Ettore Recchi

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽

Nation State ◽

Cognitive Capacities ◽

Individual Level ◽

The Social ◽

The Everyday ◽

National Boundaries ◽

And Gender

This chapter argues that mobilities – in their plural and multidimensional manifestations – shape the everyday lives of Europeans on a much larger scale than has so far been recognised. The chapter’s interest lies particularly in cross-border mobilities, as these erode the ‘container’ nature of nation state societies. Expanding on previous research on international migration within the EU, we contend that the process of European integration goes hand in hand with globalisation and leads to enhanced relations among individuals that obliterate national boundaries. Through regression analysis and multiple correspondence analysis, the chapter examines to what extent country- and individual-level factors structure these ‘mobility styles’, documenting how access to movement is strongly mediated by socioeconomic status, but also cognitive capacities, both among nationals and non-nationals. We find that the overall robust effects of socioeconomic differences (education, income and gender, in particular) operate quite differently across national contexts.

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Disentangling associations between poverty at various levels of aggregation and mental health

Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale ◽

10.1017/s1121189x00004541 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 3-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Marjan Drukker ◽

Nicole Gunther ◽

Jim van Os

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Service Use ◽

Psychiatric Morbidity ◽

Socioeconomic Disadvantage ◽

Mental Health Outcomes ◽

Individual Level ◽

Neighbourhood Socioeconomic Status ◽

Subjective Mental Health

AbstractThe present editorial discusses whether socioeconomic status of the individual and of the neighbourhood could be important in prevalence, treatment and prevention of psychiatric morbidity. Previous research showed that patients diagnosed with mental disorders are concentrated in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. This could be the result of (1) an association between individual socioeconomic status and mental health, (2) an association between neighbourhood socioeconomic status and mental health, or (3) social selection. Research disentangling associations between individual and neighbourhood socioeconomic status on the one hand and mental health outcomes on the other, reported that neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with individual mental health over and above individual-level socioeconomic status, indicating deleterious effects for all inhabitants both poor and affluent. In conclusion, subjective mental health outcomes showed stronger evidence for an effect of neighbourhood socioeconomic status than research focussing on treated incidence. Within the group of patients, however, service use was higher in patients living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods. Social capital was identified as one of the mechanisms whereby neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage may become associated with observed reductions in mental health. After controlling for individual socioeconomic status, there is evidence for an association between neighbourhood socioeconomic status and objective as well as subjective mental health in adults. Evidence for such an association in young children is even stronger.

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