Predicting catchment-scale soil moisture status with limited field measurements

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 445-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Kalma ◽  
B. C. Bates ◽  
R. A. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Soil Moisture Status

Evaluation of SWAT simulated soil moisture at catchment scale by field measurements and Landsat derived indices

2017 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 55-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhumika Uniyal ◽  
Jörg Dietrich ◽  
Christos Vasilakos ◽  
Ourania Tzoraki
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Catchment Scale

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of groundwater recharge, based on regionalized soil moisture models in Wadi Natuf karst aquifers, Palestine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Messerschmid ◽  
Amjad Aliewi
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
International Association ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Ungauged Catchments ◽  
First Time ◽  
Formation Specific

Abstract. While groundwater recharge is considered fundamental to hydrogeological insights and basin management, only relatively little attention has been paid to its spatial distribution. And in ungauged catchments it has rarely been quantified, especially on the catchment scale. For the first time, this study attempts such analysis, in a previously ungauged basin. Our work based on field data of several soil moisture stations, which represent five geological formations of karst rock in Wadi Natuf, a semi-arid to sub-humid Mediterranean catchment in the occupied Palestinian West Bank. For that purpose, recharge was conceptualized as deep percolation from soil moisture under saturation excess conditions, which had been modelled parsimoniously and separately with different formation-specific recharge rates. For the regionalisation, inductive methods of empirical field-measurements and observations were combined with deductive approaches of extrapolation, following the recommendations for hydrological Prediction in Ungauged Basins (PUB), by the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS). Our results show an average annual recharge estimation in Wadi Natuf Catchment (103 km2), ranging from 24 to 28 Mm3/yr, equivalent to recharge coefficients (RC) of 39–46 % of average annual precipitation. Thus, for the first time, formation-specific RC-values could be derived, assessed and quantified in their spatial distribution, and by creating a schematic conceptual basin classification framework for regionalisation that is also applicable in many comparable sedimentary basins in the Mediterranean and worldwide.

scholarly journals Root Response to Soil Water Status via Interaction of Crop Genotype and Environment

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 708
Author(s):  
Phanthasin Khanthavong ◽  
Shin Yabuta ◽  
Hidetoshi Asai ◽  
Md. Amzad Hossain ◽  
Isao Akagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Crop Adaptation ◽  
Soil Moisture Status ◽  
Root Distributions

Flooding and drought are major causes of reductions in crop productivity. Root distribution indicates crop adaptation to water stress. Therefore, we aimed to identify crop roots response based on root distribution under various soil conditions. The root distribution of four crops—maize, millet, sorghum, and rice—was evaluated under continuous soil waterlogging (CSW), moderate soil moisture (MSM), and gradual soil drying (GSD) conditions. Roots extended largely to the shallow soil layer in CSW and grew longer to the deeper soil layer in GSD in maize and sorghum. GSD tended to promote the root and shoot biomass across soil moisture status regardless of the crop species. The change of specific root density in rice and millet was small compared with maize and sorghum between different soil moisture statuses. Crop response in shoot and root biomass to various soil moisture status was highest in maize and lowest in rice among the tested crops as per the regression coefficient. Thus, we describe different root distributions associated with crop plasticity, which signify root spread changes, depending on soil water conditions in different crop genotypes as well as root distributions that vary depending on crop adaptation from anaerobic to aerobic conditions.

scholarly journals A COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND DRAINAGE COMPONENTS OF THE SOIL WATER BALANCE

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. MAULÉ ◽  
D. S. CHANASYK
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Gradient Method ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Moisture Extraction ◽  
Soil Moisture Status ◽  
Capacity Method

Two simple techniques for separating soil moisture loss into drainage and evapotranspiration for cropped conditions were compared. The study was conducted during May through September 1983 at Ellerslie, Alberta. One technique, the field capacity method, utilized soil tension at − 4 kPa to demarcate the cessation of drainage; the other technique, the gradient method, utilized changes in soil moisture status relative to fallow conditions, to mark the onset of moisture extraction by roots. Both methods estimated similar amounts of drainage and evapotranspiration for the barley plots. Application and thus proper evaluation of these two methods were limited as more than 83% of the total drainage occurred during a 3-wk period in which only the Penman method for estimating evapotranspiration could be used. Key words: Water balance, drainage, evapotranspiration, field capacity method, gradient method

Effect of Soil Depth on the Quantification of Soil Moisture Content Value Estimated from NOAA Satellite Images

2014 ◽  
Vol 567 ◽  
pp. 705-710
Author(s):  
Abdalhaleem A. Hassaballa ◽  
Abdul Nasir Matori ◽  
Helmi Z.M. Shafri
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Critical Parameter ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Spatial Estimation ◽  
Optical Images

Soil moisture (MC) is considered as the most significant boundary conditions controlling most of the hydrological cycle’s processes especially over humid areas. However, MC is very critical parameter to measure because of its variability in both space and time. The fluctuation of MC along the soil depth in turn, makes it so difficult to assess from optical satellite techniques. The study aims to produce a rectified satellite’s surface temperature (Ts) in order to enhance the spatial estimation of MC. The study also aims to produce MC estimates from three variable depths of the soil using optical images from NOAA 17 in order to examine the potential of satellite techniques in assessing the MC along the soil depths. The universal triangle (UT) algorithm was used for MC assessment based on Ts, vegetation Indices (VI) and field measurements of MC; which were conducted at variable depths. The study area was divided into three classes according to the nature of surface cover. The resultant MC extracted from the UT method with rectified Ts, produced accuracies of MC ranging from 0.65 to 0.89 when validated with in-situ measured MC at depths 5cm and 10 cm respectively.

Drip irrigation affects N2O emission differently depending on soil moisture status in an intensive vegetable production system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuchun Xu ◽  
Di Wu ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Bang Ni ◽  
Xuan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Production System ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Site Preference ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Soil Moisture Status

<p>Plastic-shed vegetable production system is becoming the main type of vegetable production in China, while excessive irrigation and fertilization input lead to significant N loss by leaching, runoff, and gaseous N. The current study established a field experiment to investigate the effects of drip irrigation and optimized fertilization on vegetable yield, water and fertilizer efficiencies and N<sub>2</sub>O emission in a typical intensive plastic-shed tomato production region of China. The treatments include CK (no fertilization, flood irrigation), FFP (farmers’ conventional fertilization, flood irrigation), OPT1 (80% of FFP fertilization, flood irrigation), OPT2 (80% of FFP fertilization, drip irrigation). N<sub>2</sub>O isotopocule deltas, including δ<sup>15</sup>N<sup>bulk</sup>, δ<sup>18</sup>O and SP (the <sup>15</sup>N site preference in N<sub>2</sub>O), have been used to investigate microbial pathways of N<sub>2</sub>O production under different treatments. Our results showed: i) optimized fertilization and drip irrigation significantly improved the fertilizer and water use efficiency without reducing tomato yield, ii) compared with flood irrigation, drip irrigation decreased soil WFPS and soil ammonium content, but increased soil nitrate content. When soil moisture was higher than 60%WFPS, drip irrigation led to a decrease of N<sub>2</sub>O emission with lower N<sub>2</sub>O SP signature observed than that of food irrigation, suggesting a reduction of denitrification derived N<sub>2</sub>O. In contrast, drip irrigation significantly increased N<sub>2</sub>O emission and N<sub>2</sub>O SP value when soil moisture status was lower than 55% WFPS, which may be due to the enhanced nitrification or fungal denitrification derived N<sub>2</sub>O.</p>

Dominant drivers of runoff in a slash-and-burn affected catchment in upland Eastern Madagascar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob W. Zwartendijk ◽  
H.J. (Ilja) van Meerveld ◽  
Ryan J. Teuling ◽  
Chandra P. Ghimire ◽  
L. Adrian Bruijnzeel
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Forest Loss ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Valley Bottom ◽  
Antecedent Soil Moisture ◽  
Slash And Burn ◽  
Slash And Burn Agriculture

<p>In many tropical areas slash-and-burn agriculture is an important driver of forest loss. In areas where slash-and-burn agriculture has been practiced for decades, land cover is typically a mosaic of patches of remnant forest, fields under active cultivation, fallows in various stages of regrowth (ranging from young shrub to semi-mature), and degraded fire-climax grasslands. Although runoff generation mechanisms are expected to be different for these different patches, little quantitative information is available in this regard, particularly at the catchment scale and over longer time-scales (i.e., multiple slash-and-burn cycles).</p><p>We re-instrumented a 31 ha catchment in upland Eastern Madagascar, where slash-and-burn agriculture has been practiced for more than 70 years in 2015; it had been monitored between 1963 and 1972 as well<sup>1</sup>. We measured streamflow at two locations and overland flow and soil moisture for four hillside plots (0.05 – 1.93 ha): one plot under repeatedly coppiced and burned <em>Eucalyptus</em> and three plots under young shrub and tree fallows. One of the plots underwent rudimentary terracing in the past. We analysed the rainfall-runoff dynamics for 50 rainfall events (median 12 mm, maximum 71 mm).</p><p>For 60% of the events, the stormflow coefficient (minimum contributing area) was <3%, which is the proportion of valley-bottom wetlands and rice paddies in the catchment. Stable isotope sampling for five storm runoff events indicate a maximum total event-water contribution of 16%. However, instantaneous event-water contributions were as high as 66%. The hillside plot runoff response was dominated by saturation-excess overland flow and showed strong threshold behaviour in terms of the antecedent soil moisture storage in the upper 30 cm of the soil plus the event total rainfall amount (ASI + P). Average threshold values for overland flow occurrence ranged from 87 mm for the coppiced <em>Eucalyptus</em> to 137 mm for the young fallow plots (regardless of terrace presence). Stormflow also increased after an ASI+P-threshold was exceeded (100 mm based on the soil moisture sensors for the <em>Eucalyptus</em> plot and 150 mm for the sensors at the tree fallow plots).</p><p>These results indicate an increased hydrological connectivity between hillslopes and valley bottom under wetter conditions and that stormflow in the study catchment is strongly affected by variations in seasonal rainfall. The results will be used to validate a hydrological model to determine the net effect of concurrent changes in soil infiltrability and vegetation water use associated with forest loss and recovery on stormflow totals and the seasonal flow regime.</p><p><strong><sup>1</sup></strong>Bailly, C., de Coignac, G.B., Malvos, C., Ningre, J.M., and Sarrailh, J.M. (1974). Étude de l'influence du couvert naturel et de ses modifications á Madagascar. Expérimentations en bassins versants élémentaires. Cahiers Scientifiques, 4. Centre Scientifique Forestier Tropical, Nogent-sur-Marne, France, 114 pp.</p>

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